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a. SL12100: Health and disease > L20 - Nervous System Anatomy > Flashcards

L20 - Nervous System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the nervous sytem?

A
  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • peripheral nervous syrem (PNS)
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2
Q

What parts include the CNS?

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
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3
Q

What parts include the PNS?

A

Nerves in the rest of the body

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4
Q

What is the simple sequence in the nervous system?

A
  • afferent from periphery (sensory)
  • to NS
  • efferent back to periphery
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5
Q

What is the periphery?

A

Everything outside NS

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6
Q

What are the different types of NS?

A
  • somatic - somatic motor (muscles under voluntary control, consicous)
  • autonomic - visceral motor (subconscious movement)
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7
Q

What are the different regions of the spinal nerves?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
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8
Q

What are the different inputs to the CNS?

A
  • touch and visceral input
  • sight
  • sound
  • smell
  • taste
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9
Q

What are the different touch and visceral inputs?

A
  • mechanoceptors (touch)
  • proprioceptors
  • nociceptors (pain)
  • thermoceptors (temp/heat)
  • chemoceptors (chemicals)
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10
Q

What are the different part in the cross section of spinal cord?

A
  • grey matter
  • white matter
  • dorsal root
  • dorsal root ganglion
  • dorsal root ganglion cell
  • vental rool
  • sensory neuron
  • sensory receptor
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11
Q

What part of the spinal cord does the input go into?

A

The dorsal part

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12
Q

What is the sequence of steps for the input from the sensory receptor go into the spinal cord (monosynaptic reflex)?

A
  • sensory receptor
  • dorsal root ganglion cell
  • dorsal root
  • input goes in through dorsal side
  • gray matter
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13
Q

What are the sequence of steps after the input reaches the spinal cord (monosynaptic reflex)?

A
  • input goes out through ventral side
  • ventral root
  • spinal nerve
  • muscle
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14
Q

What is an examples of the monosynaptic spinal reflex?

A

Muscle stretch

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15
Q

What are the sequence of steps in the muscle stretch?

A
  • tendon of quadriceps hit = stretches
  • proprioceptors in the muscle spindle detect stretch of tendon
  • send signal through dorsal side
  • alpha motorneuron causes quadriceps to contract
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16
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

Movement/action that doesn’t need consicous control

17
Q

What are the sequence of steps in the reflex arc?

A
  • receptor
  • afferent fibre
  • integrative centre (spinal cord, integrates input from periphery)
  • efferent fibre
  • effector
18
Q

What are responses?

A

Movement/action that involves the brain

19
Q

What are the sequence of steps in a response?

A
  • receptor
  • afferent fibre
  • integrative centre (spinal cord, integrates input from periphery)
  • goes to brain
  • provides input back
  • efferent fibre
  • effector
20
Q

What are the different parts of the spinal cord projections

A
  • dorsal columns
  • dorsal horn
  • ventral horn
  • zone of lissaur
  • substantia gelatinosa
  • dorsal root
  • ventral root
21
Q

What are the sequence of steps in the ascending pathways - dorsal column - medial lemniscal pathway?

A
  • large dorsal root axons
  • dorsal column (in the spinal cord)
  • dorsal column nuclei
  • medial lemniscus (in the medulla)
    Crosses over
  • thalamus
  • somatosensory cortex
22
Q

What are the sequence of steps in the asecnding pathways - spinothalamic pathway?

A
  • small dorsal root axons
  • dorsal column (in the spinal cord)
  • spinothalamic tract (straight through medulla to thalamus)
  • somatosensory cortex
23
Q

What senses go through the dorsal column - medial lemiscal pathway?

A
  • touch
  • vibration
  • two-point discrimination
  • proprioception
24
Q

What senses go through the spinothalamic pathway?

A
  • pain
  • temperature
  • some touch
25
Q

What are the sequence of steps in a descending pathway?

A
  • PAG - midbrain
  • raphe nuclei (in the medulla)
  • dorsal horn (in the spinal cord
26
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

Sensory
- olfactory
- optic

-glossopharyngeal

Somatic motor
- trochlear
- abducens

  • oculomotor

Visceral motor
- vaguus

27
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Non neuronal cells within the NS

  • oligoendrocytes
  • astrocytes
28
Q

What are the functions of glial cells?

A
  • support
  • insulation
  • buffering and scavenging
  • guide developing neurones
  • immune response
  • blood brain barrier
29
Q

What are the covering of the CNS?

A
  • dura matter
  • subdural space
  • arachnoid membrane
  • subarachnoid space
  • pia mater
  • artery
  • brain
30
Q

What is cerebrospinal flluid (CSF)?

A

Fluid that flows through ventricles and around the subarachnoid space
- produced by choroid plexus
- aq solution of Nacl + glucose (120ml)

31
Q

What are the functions and clinical significance of CSF?

A
  • buoyancy & cushioning
  • compensation of changes in brain vol
  • diagnosis: lumbar puncture
  • drug delivery
  • hydrocephalus
32
Q

What are the different parts of the blood-brain barrier?

A
  • astrocyte
  • basement membrane
  • endothelial cells
  • lumen of blood vessel
  • tight junction

a. SL12100: Health and disease (30 decks)

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