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a. SL12100: Health and disease > L17 - Introduction To Nerve Cells & Excitability: Resting Potential Membrane > Flashcards

L17 - Introduction To Nerve Cells & Excitability: Resting Potential Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A
  • soma/cell body
  • dendrite + branches
  • axon hillock + axon (+collateral)
  • axon branches + telodendria
  • synaptic terminal
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2
Q

What are parts of a nerve fiber?

A
  • (myelin sheath)
  • swchann cell
  • nucleus
  • axon
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3
Q

What is the direction of travel in the neuron?

A

From the soma to the synaptic terminals

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4
Q

What are the structureal classification of neurons?

A
  • multipolar neuron
  • bipolar neuron
  • unipolar neuron
  • anaxonic neuron
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5
Q

What is the classification of neurons on the basis of function?

A
  • afferent neuron
  • efferent neuron
  • interneuron
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6
Q

What happens to neurons due to their functional and cellular specialisation?

A

Have lost the ability to mitotically divide

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7
Q

What is an excitable cell?

A

The ability of some cells to be elctrically excited resulting in the generation of action potentials

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8
Q

What are the main examples of excitable cells?

A
  • neurons
  • muscle cells
  • endocrine cells
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9
Q

What are examples of non-excitable cells?

A
  • RBD
  • adipocytes
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10
Q

What is the resting membrane potential (RMP)?

A

An electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior

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11
Q

In an excitable cell, what happens in response to stimulation?

A

RMP can change
(Graded or AP)

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12
Q

What does the RMP range from in excitables and non-excitable cells?

A

Excitable cells: -50mV to -85mV
Non-excitable cells: -5mV to -10mV

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13
Q

What does the outer plama membrane regulate?

A

What enters to the cells and what is secreted from the cells
- composed by phospholipids

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14
Q

What crosses through the plasma membrane and what doesn’t?

A
  • lipid soluble molecules cross easily following a conc grad
  • charge ions or proteins cannot cross
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15
Q

What is a chemical gradient?

A

Gradient base on conc (high to low)

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16
Q

What is an electrical gradient?

A

Gradient base on charge

17
Q

What is the basic principles of charged ions?

A
  • oppositely charged ions attrach
  • reverse applies
  • forces increases with amount of charge
18
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A
  • ions diffuse down conc grad
  • selectively permeable to dif ion
19
Q

What do active transporters (pump) do?

A
  • move ions against conc grad
  • create conc grad across membrane
20
Q

What ion channels are involved in RMP?

A
  • membrane spanning proteins (connect cytosol to the cell exterior
  • gated and non gated
21
Q

What is flux of ions like? What is direction determine by?

A
  • passive, selective and rapid
  • by conc and charge
22
Q

How is excitability achieved?

A

Active exhange via Na-K transporter
- exchanges 2K+ in for 3Na+ out

23
Q

What is the distribution of charged ions?

A

Intracellular
- K+: 140mM
- Na+: 10-15mM

Extracelullar
- K+: 4-5mM
- Na+: 145mM

24
Q

What is the movement of ions restricted by?

A

Relative permeability of plasma membrane

25
Q

What is the most important component of RMP?

A

K+
Leak channels (100:1)

26
Q

How is the RMP established?

A

Diffusion of K+ out balances by rate of K+ influx from the Na+/K+ pumps
70mV

27
Q

What does the Nerst eqn calculate?

A

Calculates electrical potentials

  • eq potential for any ion (Eion)
28
Q

What is the Nerzt eqn?

A

Eion = RT/zF x logn[ion]out/[ion]in

F - faraday’s constant
Z - valency of the ion

29
Q

What can the RMP be calculated with?

A

Goldman eqn

30
Q

What is the goldman equation?

A

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/essential-equations-for-anaesthesia/goldman-equation/BBDB8FDE426783BE5B0922DACFF1A57E

31
Q

What is the Pion?

A

Relative permeability of membrane to ion

32
Q

What is the distribution of charged ions like in a real neuron?

A

Intracellular
- K+: 140mM
- Na+: 10-15mM
- Cl-: 4-30mM

Extracelullar
- K+: 4-5mM
- Na+: 145mM
- Cl- 110mM

33
Q

What is eq potential from the Nernst eqn?

A

~ 85mV for K+
~ +65mV for Na+
~ 70mV for Cl-

34
Q

What is the goldman eqn membrane potential?

A

-75mV

a. SL12100: Health and disease (30 decks)

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