L3: Introduction To Public Health

Question 1

What is public health?

Answer 1

Organised measures to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole

Question 2

What are the top 10 threats to global health?

Answer 2

• air pollution and climate change
• non communicable diseases
• global influenza pandemic
• fragile and vulnerable settings
• antimicrobial resistane
• ebola and other high threat pathogens
• weak primary healthcare
• vaccine hesitancy
• dengue
• HIV

Question 3

What are the 3Cs of the 21st century global health threats?

Answer 3

• covid-19
• climate change
• conflict

Question 4

What is period life expectancy?

Answer 4

The average years a person would live if they experience current local age-specific mortality rates for the rest of their life

Question 5

What are the main diseases the people die from?

Answer 5

• cardiovascular disease
• cancer

Question 6

What diseases do we live with?

Answer 6

• musculoskeletal disorders
• mental and behavioural disorders

Question 7

What is DALYs?

Answer 7

Disability adjusted life years

Question 8

What are 6 conditions that account for 60% of DALYs?

Answer 8

• mental health issues
• dementia
• musculoskeletal disorders
• cancer
• cardiovascular diseases (stroke and diabetes)
• chronic respiratory disease

Question 9

What is the definition of health inequalities?

Answer 9

Systematic, avoidable and unjust differences in health and wellbeing between different groups of people

Question 10

Where do people die younger and spend longer in poor health?

Answer 10

In deprived areas

Question 11

What is health patterened by?

Answer 11

Local deprivation

Question 12

What is healthy life expectancy?

Answer 12

An estimate of the average lifetime spent in very good or good health

Question 13

What is healthy life expectancy based on?

Answer 13

How individuals perceive their general health

Question 14

What are interescting health inequalities by ethnicity and social economic status?

Answer 14

• life expectancy patterns reversed
  = after covid, most ethnic minority groups had higher mortality
• patterns of disease
  = south asian groups have high mortality from diabetes and heart disease
• disadvantaged groups
  = ppl from gypsi roma, traveller, bangladeshi and pakistani coms have consistently poor health outcomes

Question 15

Why do some people not register with the NHS?

Answer 15

Due to fear of racism

Question 16

What is SMI?

Answer 16

Serious mental illness

Question 17

What age are people with SMIs more likely to die before?

Answer 17

75
2/3 of the deaths are form preventable physical illness

Question 18

What % is mortality of people with depression higher by to those without?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

What is multimorbidity?

Answer 19

Living with more than one long term health condition

Question 20

When does multimorbidity occur by in people living in deprived areas?

Answer 20

10-15 years earlier

Question 21

What are the top 3 risk factors contributing to deaths in the UK in 2019?

Answer 21

• tobacco
• high blood pressure
• dietary risks

Question 22

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 22

• individual lifestyle factors
• social and community networks
• general socieconomic, cultural and environmental conditions

Question 23

What are examples of living and working conditions?

Answer 23

• education
• agri and food production
• work environment
• unemployment
• water and sanitation
• health care services
• housing

Question 24

What did the marmot review (2010) state?

Answer 24

• health inequalities result from social inequalities
• disadvantage starts before births and accumulates throughout life

Question 25

What are the building blocks of health?

Answer 25

• friends, family and communities
• money
• housing
• education and skills
• good work
• transport
• environment
• diet

Question 26

What was stated 10 years after the marmot review?

Answer 26

• people will spend more of their lives in poor health
• improvements in life expectancy stalled, declined for women by 10% in deprived areas
• health gap has grown between wealthy and deprived areas

Question 27

Who are the national key players?

Answer 27

• Department of health & social care
• UK health security agency
• NHS england

Question 28

What is the JSNA?

Answer 28

Joint strategic needs assessment

Question 29

What is the PNA?

Answer 29

PHarmaceutical needs assessment

Question 30

What does the JSNA and the PNA describe?

Answer 30

Local needs
- inform local service provision of gaps
- and what should be done about it

Question 31

What are the 3 domains of public health?

Answer 31

• health promotion
  = enabling people to improve their health
• health care, public health
  = improving quality of health services
• health protection
  = preventing harms e.g. vaccinations

Question 32

How are pharmacies placed to make a difference>

Answer 32

People who need it the most have more access to it

• 90% have a pharmacy within a 20 min walk

Question 33

What are some ways that structural barriers are removed?

Answer 33

• providing accesible information
  = large print, braille, audio, video, easy read
  = relevant languages

Question 34

What is the national strategy?

Answer 34

CORE20PLUS5
- designed to support integrated healthcare systems to drive targeted action in healthcare inequalities improvement

Question 35

What is social prescribing?

Answer 35

Connecting patient to local non-clinical services to improve physical and mental wellbeing
E.g. mental health support sessions, exercise classes