Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 > L4: Fever > Flashcards

L4: Fever Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Fever

A

Fever is elevation of the body temperature above the average normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Grades of Fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of Fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Fever

A
  • Continous (Sustained)
  • Intermittent
  • Hectic
  • Remittent
  • Saddle Back (Camel-Backed)
  • Relapsing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Def of Continuous (sustained) fever

A

The temperature continues high for days or weeks with difference between morning and evening temperature about 0.5-1 C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of Continuous (sustained) fever

A

 Typhoid fever, pneumonia,
 Meningitis and typhus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Def of Intermittent fever

A

The temperature falls to normal once or more during the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Def of Hectic fever

A
  • Marked daily temperature swings usually associated with rigors & sweats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of Hectic fever

A

 Amebic liver abscess and Pyogenic abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of Intermittent fever

A

 Abscess, lymphomas and Miliary tuberculosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of Remittent fever

A

 Septic conditions & mycoplasma pneumonia

 Rheumatic fever & rheumatoid arthritis

 SABE & falciparum malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Def of Remittent fever

A

The temperature is always raised, but shows considerable between morning & evening temperature but not return to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Def of Saddle back (Camel-backed) fever

A
  • Biphasic remittent fever.
  • A continuous fever for a few days is followed by a remission
  • A second bout of continuous fever associated with appearance of rash and terminating by lysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Def of realpsing Fever

A

Days with fever alternate with days of normal temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of Saddle back (Camel-backed) fever

A

In Dengue fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples ofrealpsing Fever

A

 Brucellosis (undulant fever)

 Spirochete( relapsing fever)

 Pel-abstain fever of hodgkin’s disease

 Charcot’s intermittent fever in biliary obstruction, and malaria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is Quotidian Fever?

A

When a paroxysm of intermittent or relapse fever occurs daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is Tertiam Fever?

A

when on alternate days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characters of Factitious fever

A

 It is spurious temp. Elevation produced by the pt.

 Not associated with organic disease.

 Normal ESR.

 Failure of pulse rate to rise with temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is quatrain fever?

A

when 2 days intervene between consecutive attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of Hyperpyrexia

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of Hypothermia

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Manifestations of fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Physiological response to fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Specific Manifestations of fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Salmonellosis in Egypt present the form of …..

A

 Typhoid, paratyphoid fever.

 Chronic salmonellosis complicating Schistosoma infection.

 Salmonella food poisoning (acute gastroenteritis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CA of typhod & Paratyphoid fever

A

 Salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphoid A, B & C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Characters of CA of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

It is gram-negative motile bacilli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Source of Infection by typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

 Patient.

 Carrier (intestinal, gall bladder or unitary carrier).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MOT of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

 Food & Flies & Foments & Feces & Fingers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pathophysiology of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

 After invasion of the intestinal mucosa, bacilli first enter the mesenteric lymph glands through Payer’s patches → blood stream (bactermia) → then pass to
other organs e.g. liver spleen and reticule-endothelial system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

IP of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

4 satges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CP of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

1-2 Weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Stages of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A

…..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

1st Week of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2nd Week of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

3rd Week of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

4th Week of typhoid & Paratyphoid fever

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CC of Typhoid

A
  • A patient with persistent fever (38 °C or more) lasting 3 or more days, with laboratory-confirmed S. typhi organisms (blood, bone marrow, bowel fluid)
  • A clinical compatible case that is laboratory confirmed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Probable Case of Typhoid

A
  • A patient with persistent fever (38 °C or more) lasting 3 or more days, with a positive sero-diagnosis or antigen detection test but no S. typhi isolation
  • A clinical compatible case that is epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case in an outbreak
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Chronic Carier of Typhoid

A
  • An individual excreting S. typhi in the stool or urine for longer than one year after the onset of acute typhoid fever
  • Short-term carriers also exist, but their epidemiological role is not as important as that of chronic carriers.
  • Some patients excreting S. typhi have no history of typhoid fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Investigations to Dx Typhoid

A
  • PCR
  • Blood Culture
  • Stool & Urine Culture
  • BM Aspirate Culture
  • Widal agglutination test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Investigations to Dx Typhoid

  • PCR
A
  • Can be performed on peripheral mononuclear cells.
  • The test is more sensitive than blood culture alone (92% compared with 50-70%) but requires significant technical expertise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Investigations to Dx Typhoid

  • Blood Culture
A

Positive in 70-80% of cases during the 1st week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Investigations to Dx Typhoid

  • Stool & Urine Culture
A

Are usually positive (45-75%) during the 2nd - 3rd week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Investigations to Dx Typhoid

  • BM Aspirate Cultures
A

Give the best confirmation (85-95%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Investigations to Dx Typhoid

  • Widal agglutination reaction (Felix-Widal test)
A
  • Positive from the 2nd week on words, with gradual rising titer.
  • It seems unreliable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Procedure of Widal agglutination reaction (Felix-Widal test)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

This test measures agglutinating …..

A

antibody levels against O and H antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The levels are measured by using doubling dilutions of sera in large test tubes.

A

….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Usually, O antibodies appear on days 6-8 and H antibodies on days 10-12 after the onset of the disease.

A

….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The test is usually performed on an …. serum (at first contact with the patient)

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A convalescent serum should preferably also be collected so that paired titrations can be performed.

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In practice, however, this is often difficult

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
  • In areas of endemicity there is often a low background level of antibodies in the normal population.
  • Determining an appropriate cut-off for a positive result can be difficult since it varies between areas and between times in given areas.
A

…

52
Q

If paired sera are available a ….. in the antibody titer between convalescent and acute sera is diagnostic.

A

fourfold rise

53
Q

When is Widal agglutination reaction False positive?

A
  1. Anamanestic reaction ( Cross reaction with other salmonella & gram -ve bacteria )
  2. Autoimmune diseases.
  3. Prior vaccination.
  4. Prior antibiotic treatment
54
Q

Widal test is → ……. test

A

unreliable

55
Q

Types of Complications of Typhoid

A
  • General
  • Medical
  • Surgical
56
Q

General Complications of Typhoid

A
57
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

A
58
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

  • Typhoid lobar pneumonia
A
  • Present with the typical symptoms and signs of lobar pneumonia except that rusty sputum is uncommon and the white blood low.
59
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

  • Myocarditis
A

common particularly in very toxic patients.

59
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

  • Typhod Meningitis
A
  • Is rare and must not be confused with meningism, which is common
  • Chloramphenicol diffuse well into the cerebrospinal fluid, so it gives good results
60
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

  • Peripheral Neuritis
A

Treated with Vitamin B complex as prophylactic measure.

61
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

  • Mild Hemolytic Anemia
A
  • is common in the typhoid patients.
  • Treated with prednisone.
62
Q

Medical Complications of Typhoid

  • Febrile Albuminurea
A

common, but a true acute typhoid
nephritis is rare.

62
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

A
62
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

  • Intestinal Perforation
A

This is one of the most serious complications of typhoid fever, it occurs during the third week of illness but occur before.

62
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

  • Acute Patotitis
A
  • Is a danger complication and pus should be drained by transverse incision under local anaesthetic as early possible.
63
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

  • Intestinal Hemorrhage
A
  • Is a lethal complication which usually occurs 2-3 weeks after the onset of the illness
  • The patient may show massive hemorrhage, which
    manifested by shock and very pale conjunctiva, or small bleeding.
64
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

  • Typhoid Cholecystitis
A

Occur more frequent in female more
than male.

65
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

  • Paralytic Ileus
A

may be secondary to perforation or to severe toxemia.

66
Q

Surgical Complications of Typhoid

  • Intestinal Obstruction
A

may be due to a localized abscess or
adhesions.

67
Q

TTT of Typhoid

A
  • Prophylactic
  • Curative
68
Q

Prophylactic TTT of Typhoid

A
69
Q

Curative TTT of Typhoid

A
  • general Lines
  • Specific TTT
70
Q

General Lines of TTT of Typhoid

A

A. Rest in bed.
B. Well balanced diet.
C. Adequate fluid.

71
Q

Specific Lines in TTT of Typhoid

A
72
Q

Vaccines for Typhoid

A
  • Oral – A live vaccine (Typhoral)
  • The injectable vaccine (Typhim -VI)
72
Q

Type of Oral Typhoid Vaccine

A

Oral – A live vaccine (Typhoral)

73
Q

Dosage of Oral Typhoid Vaccine

A

One capsule given orally taken before food, with a glass of water or milk, on day 1, 3, 5 (three doses)

74
Q

Precautions for Oral Typhoid Vaccine

A

No antibiotics should be taken during the period of
administration of vaccine

75
Q

Dosage of Injectable Typhoid vaccine

A

Given as single S.C or I.M injection

76
Q

Indications of Typhoid vaccine

A
77
Q

Another name of Brucellosis

A

(Malta fever or Undulant fever)

78
Q

CA of Brucellosis

A
79
Q

MOI by Brucellosis

A
80
Q

IP of Brucellosis

A

1-3 weeks.

81
Q

Onset of Brucellosis

A

gradual with malaise & muscular pains.

82
Q

CP of Brucellosis

A
83
Q

CP of Brucellosis

  • Constitutional Symptoms
A

profuse sweating, muscular pain, headache, joint pain and backache.

84
Q

CP of Brucellosis

  • Pulse
A

relative slow

85
Q

CP of Brucellosis

  • Fever
A

reach 39-40 C for 1 - 3 weeks then apyrexia for 10 days then relapse and so on (undulant fever).

86
Q

CP of Brucellosis

  • GIT
A

Nausea, vomiting & constipation.

87
Q

CP of Brucellosis

  • Enlarged Spleen
A

present in almost half the patients the spleen is tender and firm and usually mild enlarged.

88
Q

CP of Brucellosis

  • Lymph Nodes
A

In 50% of cases there is generalized enlargement, especially the cervical and axially lymph nodes.

89
Q

Investigations for Brucellosis

A
  • Direct
  • Serological
90
Q

Direct Investigations for Brucellosis

A
91
Q

Direct Investigations for Brucellosis

  • Blood Culture
A
  • Positive in the 1st week ( positive in 50% only) may retain up to 6 weeks to give maximum chance of finding this slowly growing organism
92
Q

Direct Investigations for Brucellosis

  • Bone Marrow Culture
A

positive in 90%

93
Q

Serological Investigations for Brucellosis

A
94
Q

Serological Investigations for Brucellosis

  • Agglutination test
A
  • Positive from 2nd week titer over 1/100 or rising 4 fold titer/6h for 24 h. → is diagnostic in the same session.
  • It is unreliable test indicate only past infection no correlations with the titre concentrations
95
Q

Serological Investigations for Brucellosis

  • Complement Fixation
A

To measure IgG antibodies.

96
Q

Serological Investigations for Brucellosis

  • Radio-Immuno Issay
A

To determine the levels of specific anti-Brucella IgM, IgG & IgA.

97
Q

Complications of Brucellosis

A
  • Bone and joint complication
  • Cardiovascular complication
  • Genito-urinary complications
  • Nervous complications
98
Q

Bone & Joint Complications of Brucellosis

A

1) Brucella spondylitis: Where bone and discs are invaded causing osteomyelitis with destruction of bone giving picture similar to disc prolapsed.

2) Suppuration of large joint.

3) Osteomyelitis of long bone.

99
Q

CVS Complications of Brucellosis

A

Bacterial endocarditis usually develops on a congenital or acquired valvular lesion.

100
Q

Genitourinary Complications of Brucellosis

A

1) Orchitis.
2) Epididymitis.
3) Chronic pyelonephritis.

101
Q

Nervos Complications of Brucellosis

A

1) Meningitis.
2) Encephalitis
3) Myelitis.
4) Paraplegia.
5) Aphasia.
6) Dysarthria.
7) Visual disorders.
8) Deafness.

102
Q

TTT of Brucellosis

A
103
Q

Symptomatic TTT of Brucellosis

A

Antipyretics and analgesics

104
Q

Tetracycline Dose in TTT of Brucellosis

A

50 mg / kg / day in divided dose each 4 hours for 3 - 6 weeks.

105
Q

Doxycycline Dose in TTT of Brucellosis

A

oral 100 mg / 12hours for 3 weeks (preferred over tetracycline)

106
Q

Aminoglycosides Dose in TTT of Brucellosis

A

for 3-4 weeks.(nephrotoxic)
a) Streptomycin: 1 gm / 24h. IM
b) Gentamycin: 5 mg / kg / 12h. IM
c) Netilmicin: 2 mg / kg / 12h IM or IV

107
Q

Streptomycin & Tetracycline Dose in TTT of Brucellosis

A

Streptomycin 1 gm I. M. daily for 3 weeks.

108
Q

Rifampicin Dose in TTT of Brucellosis

A

600 mg /1 2 h for 3 weeks.

109
Q

Which drug is CI in Pregnant & children in TTT of Brucellosis?

A
110
Q

Nature of FMF

A

Periodic fever

111
Q

Def of FMF

A

It is a clinical syndrome with a probable genetic basis which give rise to recurrent febrile episodes associated with

 Abdominal pain ( peritonism)
 Pleurisy
 Arthropathy

112
Q

What is the hallmark of FMF?

A

Periodicity

113
Q

Ethnic Groups affected in FMF

A

Major ethnic groups affected are Jews, Arab, Armenians & Turks.

114
Q

Etiology of FMF

A
115
Q

PPT Factors for FMF

A

 Stress & anxiety
 Cold
 Physical exercise
 Menstruation

116
Q

CP of FMF

A
117
Q

CP of FMF

  • Fever
A
  • Has intermittent character
  • It is characterized by recurrent acute attacks occurring at intervals varying from days to weeks even months but the attack is short lived usually 3 days & seldom lasts more than 4 days.
118
Q

CP of FMF

  • Severe abdominal Pain
A

Diffuse (like peritonitis so repeated laparotomies is one of the diagnostic criteria in the past).

119
Q

CP of FMF

  • Arthropathy
A

(large joint, symmetrical ,non destructive, more in sporadic Jews)

120
Q

CP of FMF

  • Dermatologic Lesion
A

erysipelas like lesion, Henoch-scholein purpura, urticarial vasculitis, bullous lesion.

121
Q

Less Common Manifestations of FMF

A

 Ophthalmic (episcleritis)
 Acute orchitis
 Pharyngitis
 Pericarditis
 Myocarditis

122
Q

Complications of FMF

A

Amyloidosis (Amyloid A formation)

  • Common in Jews & Turks
  • Arab & Armenians are largely immune from this.
123
Q

Tel-Hashomer Criteria of FMF

A
124
Q

Dx of FMF

A
125
Q

TTT of FMF

A
126
Q

TTT of FMF

  • Colchicine
A
127
Q

TTT of FMF

  • Biological TTT
A
128
Q

Done

A

…

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions