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Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 > L1: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers > Flashcards

L1: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Flashcards

1
Q

Case Presentation of VHF

A
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2
Q

DDx of VHF

A
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3
Q

Def of VHF

A
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4
Q

Different Famelies of VHF

A
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5
Q

Survival dependent on an animal or insect host, for the natural reservoir

A

..

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6
Q

Site of Filoviridae

A
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7
Q

Case Fatality of Filoviridae

A
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7
Q

Agents of Filoviridae

A
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8
Q

Site of Arenaviridae

A
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9
Q

Agents of Arenaviridae

A
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10
Q

Case Fatality of Arenaviridae

A
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11
Q

Site of Bunyaviridae

A
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12
Q

Agent of Bunyaviridae

A
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13
Q

Case Fatality of Bunyaviridae

A
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14
Q

Site of Flaviviridae

A
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15
Q

Agents of Flaviviridae

A
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16
Q

Case Fatality of Flaviviridae

A
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17
Q

Genome of VHF

A

All are single-stranded RNA.

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18
Q

Structure of VHF

A

All are enveloped (transmission by foods or drinks???)

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19
Q

Infectivity of VHF

A
  • Infectious during viremia stage.
  • Low infectivity dose (1-10 viruses can cause infections).
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20
Q

Reservoir of VHF

A

Humans are not the natural reservoir but accidentally infected when comes in contact with infected hosts.

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21
Q

Outbreaks of VHF

A

Human outbreaks are sporadic and irregular.

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22
Q

Infectivity of Humans in VHF

A

Human infected can infect another human

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23
Q

Type of VHF

A
  • VHFs are zoonosis: Animal hosts (Rodents) and arthropod vectors are main reservoirs.
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24
Q

MOT of VHF

A
  1. Bite of infected arthropod (ticks or mosquitos)
  2. Aerosol from infected rodent excreta
  3. Direct contact with infected animals / carcasses or fomites
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25
Q

Pathogenesis of VHF

A
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26
Q

Target organ of VHF

A

The target organ is the vascular bed (hemorrhage)

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27
Q

Replication of VHF

A

The replication of virus is intracellularly

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28
Q

What do VHF release?

A

Cytokine release leads to shock and hypotension.

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29
Q

What do cytokines of VHF cause?

A
  • Affects Platelet functions and numbers (thrombocytopenia)
  • Affects bone marrow and clotting factors.
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30
Q

CP of VHF

A
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31
Q

Initial Symptoms of VHF

A

 Marked fever
Fatigue
 Dizziness
Muscle aches
 Exhaustion

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32
Q

More severe symptoms of VHF

A

 Bleeding under skin ( Petechiae, ecchymosis, conjunctivitis )

 Bleeding in internal organs

 Bleeding from orifices

Blood loss rarely cause of death

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33
Q

Dx of VHF

34
Q

Hx in VHF

35
Q

Case Definition in VHF

36
Q

Investigations in VHF

37
Q

Agents of Filoviridae

A

{Marburg virus - Ebola virus}

38
Q

History of Filoviridae

38
Q

CFR of Filoviridae

A

Fatality rate (CFR) approaches 90%.

39
Q

Transmission of Filoviridae

A

The virus was transmitted to humans from wild animals.

40
Q

Natural Host of Filoviridae

A
  • Fruit Bats are considered as the natural host for the virus.
  • Other reservoirs rodents
41
Q

History of Arenaviridae

42
Q

Reservoir of Arenaviridae

A

Virus transmission and amplification occurs in rodents.

43
Q

MOT of Arenaviridae

44
Q

History of Bunyaviridae

45
Q

Genera of Bunyaviridae

A

5 genera with over 350 viruses

46
Q

MOT of Bunyaviridae

47
Q

Agents of Flaviviridae

A

 Dengue virus
 Yellow Fever virus
 Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus
 Kyasanur Forest Disease virus

48
Q

MOT of Flaviviridae

48
Q

MOT of Kyasanur Forest Virus

A

Ixodid tick

49
Q

MOT of Yellow Fever and Dengue viruses

A
  • Aedes aegypti
  •  Sylvatic cycle  Urban cycle
50
Q

MOT of Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus

A

Muskrat urine, feces, or blood

51
Q

IP of Yellow Fever

A

Short ( 3 - 6 days.

52
Q

CP of Yellow Fever

52
Q

Initial Symptoms of Yellow Fever

53
Q

Toxic Phase of Yellow Fever

54
Q

Vaccine of Yellow Fever

A
  • Vaccine is available and indicated to travels to endemic area
55
Q

Type & Dose of Vaccine of Yellow Fever

A

live-attenuated vaccine, live-attenuated vaccine, single dosesingle dose

56
Q

Indications of Yellow Fever Vx

A

To > 9 months travelers or living in endemic areasTo > 9 months travelers or living in endemic areas

57
Q

Immunity & Protection of Yellow Fever

A
  • Immunity in 1 week in 95 % of people
  • Protection for 30 - 35 year
58
Q

Specific TTT of Yellow Fever

59
Q

Geography of Dengue Fever

A

Americas, Asia & Africa

59
Q

Vectors of Dengue Fever

A

 Aedes aegypti
 Aedes albopictus.

60
Q

Transmission of Dengue Fever

61
Q

Site of Replication of Dengue Fever

A

Virus replicates in mosquitos.

62
Q

IP of Dengue Fever

63
Q

Vx of Dengue Fever

64
Q

Characters of Four Dengue Virus Serotypes

65
Q

CP of Dengue Virus

A

1- Undifferentiated fever
2- Classic Dengue Fever
3- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
4- Dengue Shock Syndrome

66
Q

Classic Dengue Fever

67
Q

Hge in Classic Dengue Fever

A

Severe Hemorrhage mainly retro-ocular

68
Q

Fever in Classic Dengue Fever

A

Myalgia & arthralgia - often severe (break bone fever)

69
Q

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

70
Q

Most serious form of Dengue Fever

A

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

  • (Mortality = 10%; high as 50% )
71
Q

Diagnostic Criteria of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

72
Q

Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

73
Q

Prevention & Control of Dengue Fever

74
Q

Avoid contact with host species

75
Q

If human case occurs ….

A

 Decrease person-to-person transmission
 Isolation of infected individuals

76
Q

Disinfect and dispose of instruments

A

Use a 0.5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (1:10 dilution of bleach)

77
Q

TTT of Dengue Fever

78
Q

Ribavirin in Dengue Fever

A

 Not approved by FDA
 Effective in some individuals
 Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae only

79
Q

Convalescent-phase plasma in Dengue Fever

A

Argentine HF, Bolivian HF and Ebola

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 (47 decks)

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