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Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 > L13: Gastric Disorders > Flashcards

L13: Gastric Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is Gastritis?

A

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa

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2
Q

Dx of Gastritis

A

Diagnosis mostly histological

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3
Q

Nature of Acute Gastritis

A

Acute mucosal inflammatory process usually of a transient nature.

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4
Q

Nature of infiltration in Acute Gastritis

A

Neutrophilic infiltration

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5
Q

Causes of Acute Gastritis

A
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6
Q

Pathogenesis of Acute Gastritis

A
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7
Q

Morphology of gastric mucosa in Acute Gastritis

A
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8
Q

Def of Chronic Gastritis

A
  • Presence of chronic mucosal inflammatory changes leading eventually to mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, usually in the absence of erosions
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9
Q

Causes of Chronic Gastritis

A
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10
Q

Pathogenesis of Chronic atrophic gastritis

A
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11
Q

Pathogenesis of Autoimmune atrophic gastritis

A
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12
Q

Morphology of Chronic Gastritis

A
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13
Q

Def of Gastric Polyps

A

luminal lesions projecting above the plane of the mucosal surface.

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14
Q

Main goal in managment of Gastric Polyps

A
  • to rule out the possibility of malignancy

Various subtypes of gastric polyps are recognized and generally divided into:
- Non- neoplastic
- Neoplastic.

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15
Q

epidemeology of Gastric Polyps

A
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16
Q

Incidence of Gastric Polyps

A

1-3% of all gastroscopies

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17
Q

Age of Gastric Polyps

A

2/3 Above age of 60 years.

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18
Q

Frequency and type of gastric polyps vary depending on the population and location.

  • H Pylori common & PPI less common →
  • H Pylori less common & PPI common →
A
  • Hyperplastic / adenoma > Fundic
  • Fundic > Hyperplastic / adenoma
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19
Q
  • Fundic glands polyp common in the West.
A

..

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20
Q
  • Specific genetic mutations are responsible for polyp formation.
A

..

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21
Q

BSG Classification of Gastric Polyps

A
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22
Q

Benign epithelial gastric polyps BEGP

A
23
Q

Non-mucosal intramural polyps

A
24
Q

Types of Fundic Gland Polyps

A

sporadic or associated with polyposis
syndrome.

25
Q

Characters of Fundic Gland Polyps

A

Typically small (0.1 -0.8 cm), hyperemic, sessile, flat,
nodular lesions that have a smooth surface contour

26
Q

Site of Fundic Gland Polyps

A

Exclusively in the gastric corpus. Can sometimes be large.

27
Q

ME of Fundic Gland Polyps

A

Composed of normal gastric corpus-type epithelium, arranged in a disorderly and/or microcystic configuration.

28
Q

Incidence of Sporadic Fundic Gland Polyps

A

Sporadic FGP: F>M, middle age, 40% multiple.

29
Q

Long Term Use of PPI & Fundic Gland Polyps

A

Long term PPI associate with 4x risk of FGP

30
Q

H.Pylori & Fundic Gland Polyps

A

H Pylori infection appears to protect the development of FGP

31
Q

Fundic Gland Polyps in FAP

A
32
Q

Fundic Gland Polyps in FAP

  • Gene Mutation
A

Mutation of the APC gene

33
Q

Incidnce of Hyperplastic Polyps

A

75 % of gastric polyps in areas where H. pylori is common.

34
Q

Shape of Hyperplastic Polyps

A

Small, dome-shaped, or stalked polyps (average size 1.0 cm), single or multiple.

34
Q

Site of Hyperplastic Polyps

A

Primarily in the antrum, but may develop in the fundus or
cardia.

35
Q

Incidence of Adenomatous Polyps

A
  • 6 to 10 % of gastric polyps.
35
Q

ME of Hyperplastic Polyps

A

elongated, dilated or cystic, architecturally
distorted, foveolar epithelium within chronically inflamed lamina propria.

36
Q

Site of Adenomatous Polyps

A

Found in the antrum, some occur in the
corpus and cardia.

37
Q

Shape of Adenomatous Polyps

A

flat or polypoid

38
Q

Size of Adenomatous Polyps

A

Range in size from a few mm to
several cm.

39
Q

ME of Adenomatous Polyps

A

similar to typical colonic adenomas: tubular, tubulovillous, or villous, are sessile or stalked, occasionally large sizes

40
Q

Incidence of Hamartomatous Polyps

A

Rare

41
Q

Types of Hamartomatous Polyps

A
  1. Juvenile polyps
  2. PJS: (peutz jeghers syndrome)
  3. Cowden disease
42
Q

Juvenile polyps

A

solitary, antral, inflammatory or hamartomatous, no malignant potential.

43
Q

PJS

A

AD, hamartomatous Gl polyps, mucocutan. Pigmentation, increase risk of cancer.

44
Q

Cowden disease

A

AD, orocutaneous hamartomatous, extra Gl abnormalities.

45
Q

Malignant transformation in Hamartomatous polyps

A

rare

46
Q

Tumors in Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

Vanek tumors.

47
Q

Incidence of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

Rare, 1% of all gastric polyps.

48
Q

Origin of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

Originate from submucosa, usually in antrum or peripyloric area.

49
Q

Characters of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

Central depression/ ulceration.

50
Q

Symptoms of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

Asymptomatic, can be present with bleeding or gastric outlet obstruction.

51
Q

Malignant transformation of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

No malignant potential but as with chronic atrophic gastritis.

52
Q

ME of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps

A

Submucosal proliferation of spindle cells/small vessels with an inflammatory infiltrate with many eosinophils.

Y3R5: Medicine I 🩺 (47 decks)

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