L38 Flashcards
remit
[ri’mit, ‘ri:mit] vt. 宽恕；免除；减轻；传送；使恢复原状
vi. 汇款；缓和
n. 移交的事物
Transitive verb
1 a : to lay aside (a mood or disposition) partly or wholly b : to desist from (an activity) c : to let (as attention or diligence) slacken : RELAX
2 a : to release from the guilt or penalty of remit sins b : to refrain from exacting remit a tax c : to cancel or refrain from inflicting remit the penalty d : to give relief from (suffering)
3 : to submit or refer for consideration, judgment, decision, or action; specifically : REMAND
4 : to restore or consign to a former status or condition
5 : POSTPONE, DEFER
6 : to send (money) to a person or place especially in payment of a demand, account, or draft
intransitive verb
1 a : to abate in force or intensity : MODERATE b : to abate symptoms (as of a disease) for a period
2 : to send money (as in payment)
Noun.1 : an act of remitting
2 : something remitted to another person or authority
remittance
[rɪ’mɪt(ə)ns] n. 汇款；汇寄之款；汇款额
Noun.1 a : a sum of money remitted b : an instrument by which money is remitted
2 : transmittal of money (as to a distant place)
remonstrance
[ri’mɔnstrəns] n. 抗议；规劝；谏书
Noun.1 : an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievance; especially : a document formally stating such points
2 : an act or instance of remonstrating
remonstrate
[‘remənstreit, ri’mɔn-] vt. 责备，告诫；抗议；表示异议
vi. 抗议，反对；进谏；告诫
Intransitive verb : to present and urge reasons in opposition : EXPOSTULATE ? usually used with with
transitive verb : to say or plead in protest, reproof, or opposition
remunerate
[ri’mju:nəreit] vt. 酬劳；给与报酬；赔偿
vt.1 : to pay an equivalent for their services were generously remunerated
2 : to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense : RECOMPENSE
synonyms see PAY
renal
[‘ri:nəl] adj. 肾脏的，肾的
Adj.: relating to, involving, or located in the region of the kidneys : NEPHRITIC renal disease renal failure
renascent
[ri’næsənt, -‘nei-] adj. 新生的，复活的；复兴的
Adj.: rising again into being or vigor
rend
[rend] vt. 撕碎；分裂；强夺
vi. 将……撕开；使……分离
Transitive verb
1 : to remove from place by violence : WREST
2 : to split or tear apart or in pieces by violence
3 : to tear (the hair or clothing) as a sign of anger, grief, or despair
4 a : to lacerate mentally or emotionally b : to pierce with sound c : to divide (as a nation) into contesting factions
intransitive verb
1 : to perform an act of tearing or splitting
2 : to become torn or split
synonyms see TEAR
rendering
[‘rendəriŋ] n. 翻译；表现；表演；描写；打底；（建筑物等）透视图
vt. 致使；表演；打底（render的ing形式）
vi. 给予补偿（rendr的ing形式）
Noun.1 : a work forming a presentation, expression, or interpretation (as of an idea, theme, or part) : RENDITION, VERSION: as a : TRANSLATION b : a finished perspective drawing of a proposed building or product : VISUALIZATION nicely colored renderings of buildings on the drawing boards T from a huge cement plant to a modest church?A.W.Baum c : a rendered illustration of an object of art made renderings of Spanish colonial arts in New Mexico for the Index of American Design?Southwest Review
2 a : a coat of plaster laid directly on brickwork or stonework b Britain : the finish coat of mortar on a concrete floor or roof on which tiles are laid c : the finish application of a material on a wall usually for decorative purposes
rendition
[ren’diʃən] n. 译文；演奏；提供；[古]引渡逃奴
Noun.: the act or result of rendering: as a : SURRENDER b : TRANSLATION c : PERFORMANCE, INTERPRETATION
renege
[ri'ni:ɡ, -'neiɡ, -'niɡ, -'neɡ] vi. 食言；违例出牌 vt. [古]否认 n. 出牌违例 Transitive verb : DENY, RENOUNCE intransitive verb 1 obsolete : to make a denial 2 : REVOKE 3 : to go back on a promise or commitment
renovate
[‘renəuveit] vt. 更新；修复；革新；刷新
vt.1 : to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding)
2 : to restore to life, vigor, or activity : REVIVE the church was renovated by a new ecumenical spirit
synonyms see RENEW
rent
[rent] n. 租金
vt. 出租；租用；租借
vi. 租；出租
Noun.1 : property (as a house) rented or for rent
2 a : a usually fixed periodical return made by a tenant or occupant of property to the owner for the possession and use thereof; especially : an agreed sum paid at fixed intervals by a tenant to the landlord b : the amount paid by a hirer of personal property to the owner for the use thereof
3 a : the portion of the income of an economy (as of a nation) attributable to land as a factor of production in addition to capital and labor b : ECONOMIC RENT
transitive verb
1 : to grant the possession and enjoyment of in exchange for rent
2 : to take and hold under an agreement to pay rent
intransitive verb
1 : to be for rent
2 a : to obtain the possession and use of a place or article in exchange for rent b : to allow the possession and use of property in exchange for rent
synonyms see HIRE
Noun.1 : an opening made by or as if by rending
2 : a split in a party or organized group : SCHISM
3 : an act or instance of rending
renunciate
[rɪ’nʌnsɪeɪt] vt. 放弃；宣布中止
repartee
[,repɑ:’ti:, -pə-] n. 机敏的应答；妙语；巧辩
Noun.1 a : a quick and witty reply b : a succession or interchange of clever retorts : amusing and usually light sparring with words
2 : adroitness and cleverness in reply : skill in repartee
synonyms see WIT
repent
[ri’pent] vi. 后悔；忏悔
vt. 后悔；对…感到后悔
adj. [植]匍匐生根的；[动]爬行的
Intransitive verb
1 : to turn from sin and dedicate oneself to the amendment of one’s life
2 a : to feel regret or contrition b : to change one’s mind
transitive verb
1 : to cause to feel regret or contrition
2 : to feel sorrow, regret, or contrition for
Adj. : CREEPING, PROSTRATE repent stems
repercussion
[,ri:pə’kʌʃən, re-] n. 反响；弹回；反射；[医]浮动诊胎法
Noun.1 : REFLECTION, REVERBERATION
2 a : an action or effect given or exerted in return : a reciprocal action or effect b : a widespread, indirect, or unforeseen effect of an act, action, or event ? usually used in plural
repine
[ri’pain] vi. 抱怨；不满
vi.1 : to feel or express dejection or discontent : COMPLAIN
2 : to long for something
repose
[ri’pəuz] n. 休息；睡眠；静止
vt. 使休息；寄托于
vi. 休息；座落；长眠；依靠；静卧；建立于
Transitive verb : to lay at rest
intransitive verb
1 a : to lie at rest b : to lie dead reposing in state c : to remain still or concealed
2 : to take a rest
3 archaic : RELY
4 : to rest for support : LIE
Noun.1 a : a state of resting after exertion or strain; especially : rest in sleep b : eternal or heavenly rest pray for the repose of a soul
2 a : a place of rest b : PEACE, TRANQUILLITY the repose of the bayous c : a harmony in the arrangement of parts and colors that is restful to the eye
3 a : lack of activity : QUIESCENCE b : cessation or absence of activity, movement, or animation the face in repose is grave and thoughtful
4 : composure of manner : POISE
vt.1 archaic : to put away or set down : DEPOSIT
2 a : to place (as confidence or trust) in someone or something b : to place for control, management, or use
reprehend
[,repri’hend] vt. 申斥；指责
n. 责备
vt. : to voice disapproval of : CENSURE
synonyms see CRITICIZE
repressed
[ri’prest] adj. 被压抑的；被抑制的
v. 抑制；镇压；约束（repress的过去分词）
Adj.1 : subjected to or marked by repression
2 : characterized by restraint
reprieve
[ri’pri:v] vt. 缓期执行；暂时解救
n. 暂缓；缓刑
vt.1 : to delay the punishment of (as a condemned prisoner)
2 : to give relief or deliverance to for a time
Noun.1 a : the act of reprieving : the state of being reprieved b : a formal temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence especially of death
2 : an order or warrant for a reprieve
3 : a temporary respite (as from pain or trouble)
reprobate
[‘reprəubeit] v. 非难；拒绝；斥责
adj. 邪恶的；堕落的
n. 恶棍，无赖
vt.1 : to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil reprobating the laxity of the age
2 : to foreordain to damnation
3 : to refuse to accept : REJECT
synonyms see CRITICIZE
Adj.1 archaic : rejected as worthless or not standing a test : CONDEMNED
2 a : foreordained to damnation b : morally corrupt : DEPRAVED
3 : expressing or involving reprobation
4 : of, relating to, or characteristic of a reprobate
Noun.: a reprobate person
reproof
[ri’pru:f] n. 责备；谴责
Noun.: criticism for a fault : REBUKE
repulsion
[ri’pʌlʃən] n. 排斥；反驳；反感；厌恶
Noun.1 : the action of repulsing : the state of being repulsed
2 : the action of repelling : the force with which bodies, particles, or like forces repel one another
3 : a feeling of aversion : REPUGNANCE
reputation
[,repju’teiʃən] n. 名声，名誉；声望
Noun.1 a : overall quality or character as seen or judged by people in general b : recognition by other people of some characteristic or ability has the reputation of being clever
2 : a place in public esteem or regard : good name trying to protect his reputation
requite
[ri’kwait] vt. 报答，回报；酬谢
vt.1 a : to make return for : REPAY b : to make retaliation for : AVENGE
2 : to make suitable return to for a benefit or service or for an injury
synonyms see RECIPROCATE
rescission
[ri’siʒən] n. 取消，废除
Noun.: an act of rescinding
resentment
[ri’zentmənt] n. 愤恨，怨恨
Noun.: a feeling of indignant displeasure or persistent ill will at something regarded as a wrong, insult, or injury
synonyms see OFFENSE
resident
['rezidənt] adj. 居住的；住院医师；定居的 n. 居民 Adj.1 a : living in a place for some length of time : RESIDING b : serving in a regular or full-time capacity *the resident engineer for a highway department*; also : being in residence 2 : PRESENT, INHERENT 3 : not migratory *resident species* Noun.1 : one who resides in a place 2 : a diplomatic agent residing at a foreign court or seat of government; especially : one exercising authority in a protected state as representative of the protecting power 3 : a physician serving a residency
residue
[‘rezidju:,-du:] n. 残渣；剩余；滤渣
Noun.: something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated or after the completion of a process : REMNANT, REMAINDER: as a : the part of a testator’s estate remaining after the satisfaction of all debts, charges, allowances, and previous devises and bequests b : the remainder after subtracting a multiple of a modulus from an integer or a power of the integer that can appear as the second of the two terms in an appropriate congruence 2 and 7 are residues of 12 modulo 5 c : a constituent structural unit (as a group or monomer) of a usually complex molecule amino acid residues from hydrolysis of protein
resigned
[ri’zaind] adj. 顺从的；已辞职的；己放弃的
v. 辞职；顺从（resign的过去分词）
Adj.1 a : given up : SURRENDERED a resigned post b : having resigned from office the resigned vice president
2 : being resigned to something : characterized by resignation : SUBMISSIVE, ACQUIESCENT
resilience
[ri’ziliəns, -jəns] n. 恢复力；弹力；顺应力
Noun.1 : the capability of a strained body to recover its size and shape after deformation caused especially by compressive stress
2 : an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change
resound
[ri’zaund, -‘saund] vi. 回响；鸣响；被传颂
vt. 回响；传颂；大声讲
Intransitive verb
1 : to become filled with sound : REVERBERATE
2 a : to sound loudly the gunshot resounded b : to produce a sonorous or echoing sound
3 : to become renowned
transitive verb
1 : to extol loudly or widely : CELEBRATE
2 : ECHO, REVERBERATE
3 : to sound or utter in full resonant tones
resourceful
[ri’sɔ:sful, -‘zɔ:-, ‘ri:s, ‘ri:z-] adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的
Adj. : able to meet situations : capable of devising ways and means a resourceful leader
resplendent
[ri’splendənt] adj. 光辉的；华丽的
Adj.: shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor meadows resplendent with wildflowers ?Outdoor World
synonyms see SPLENDID
restiveness
[‘restivnis] n. 难以驾御；倔强
Noun. : the quality or state of being restive
restless
[‘restlis] adj. 焦躁不安的；不安宁的；得不到满足的
Adj.1 : lacking or denying rest : UNEASY a restless night
2 : continuously moving : UNQUIET the restless sea
3 : characterized by or manifesting unrest especially of mind restless pacing; also : CHANGEFUL, DISCONTENTED
restorative
[ri’stɔrətiv, -‘stɔ:-] n. 恢复药，滋补剂
adj. 滋补的，有助于复元的；恢复健康的
Adj. : of or relating to restoration; especially : having power to restore restorative sleep
Noun.: something that serves to restore to consciousness, vigor, or health
restored
[ri’stɔ:d] adj. 精力充沛的；精力恢复的
v. 修复（restore的过去式）；恢复健康
restrain
[ri’strein] vt. 抑制，控制；约束；制止
vt.1 a : to prevent from doing, exhibiting, or expressing something restrained the child from jumping b : to limit, restrict, or keep under control try to restrain your anger
2 : to moderate or limit the force, effect, development, or full exercise of restrain trade
3 : to deprive of liberty; especially : to place under arrest or restraint
resurgence
[ri’sə:dʒəns] n. 复活；再现；再起
Noun.: a rising again into life, activity, or prominence : RENASCENCE
retaliation
[ri,tæli’eiʃən] n. 报复；反击；回敬
Noun.: an act of retaliating : REQUITAL; especially : return of evil for evil sanguinary retaliation on the part of a rejected office seeker?W.A.Swanberg retaliation by revenge or blood feud on a collective scale?Notes & Queries on Anthropology retaliation against aggression at places of our own choosing?Arthur Krock
retard
[ri’tɑ:d] vt. 延迟；阻止；妨碍；使减速
vi. 减慢；受到阻滞
n. 延迟；阻止
Transitive verb
1 : to slow up especially by preventing or hindering advance or accomplishment : IMPEDE
2 : to delay academic progress by failure to promote
intransitive verb : to undergo retardation
synonyms see DELAY
Noun.1 \ri-trd\ : a holding back or slowing down : RETARDATION
2 *r-t*rd\ often offensive : a retarded person; also : a person held to resemble a retarded person in behavior
retch
[retʃ, ri:tʃ] vi. 作呕，反胃；恶心
n. 反胃，呕吐
Transitive verb : VOMIT 1
intransitive verb : to make an effort to vomit; also : VOMIT
retention
[ri’tenʃən] n. 保留；扣留，滞留；记忆力；[医]闭尿
Noun.1 a : the act of retaining : the state of being retained b : abnormal retaining of a fluid or secretion in a body cavity
2 a : power of retaining : RETENTIVENESS b : an ability to retain things in mind; specifically : a preservation of the aftereffects of experience and learning that makes recall or recognition possible
3 : something retained
retiring
[ri’taiəriŋ] adj. 退休的；不善社交的；过隐居生活的
v. 退休（retire的ing形式）
Adj.: RESERVED, SHY
retort
[ri’tɔ:t] n. 反驳，顶嘴；曲颈瓶
vt. 反驳，反击
vi. 反驳，回嘴
Transitive verb
1 : to pay or hurl back : RETURN retort an insult
2 a : to make a reply to b : to say in reply
3 : to answer (as an argument) by a counter argument
intransitive verb
1 : to answer back usually sharply
2 : to return an argument or charge
3 : RETALIATE
Noun.: a quick, witty, or cutting reply; especially : one that turns back or counters the first speaker’s words
synonyms see ANSWER
Noun. : a vessel or chamber in which substances are distilled or decomposed by heat
vt.: to treat (as oil shale) by heating in a retort
retouch
[,ri:’tʌtʃ, ‘ri:tʌtʃ] n. 润饰；修整部分
vt. 润饰；修整
vi. 润饰；修整
Transitive verb
1 : to rework in order to improve : TOUCH UP
2 : to alter (as a photographic negative) to produce a more desirable appearance
3 : to color (new growth of hair) to match previously dyed, tinted, or bleached hair
intransitive verb : to make or give retouches
Noun.: the act or process or an instance of retouching; especially : the retouching of a new growth of hair
retrace
[ri’treis, ri:-, ‘ri:treis] vt. 追溯；折回；重描
vt.: to trace again or back: as a : to trace the origin or early history of by going back over previous steps retrace one’s family line b : to go over again with the eyes : reinspect closely c : to go over again in memory : RECALL d : to go back upon (as one’s steps) : go over again usually in a reverse direction decided to retrace his course e : to trace over again or renew the outline of retrace a drawing retrace letters
Noun.: the return of the electron beam to the starting point in a cathode ray tube after completion of all or a part of the scanning process : FLYBACK
retreat
[ri’tri:t] n. 撤退；休息寓所；撤退
vi. 撤退；退避；向后倾
vt. 退（棋）；使后退
Noun.1 a (1) : an act or process of withdrawing especially from what is difficult, dangerous, or disagreeable (2) : the process of receding from a position or state attained the retreat of a glacier the slow retreat of an epidemic b (1) : the usually forced withdrawal of troops from an enemy or from an advanced position (2) : a signal for retreating c (1) : a signal given by bugle at the beginning of a military flag-lowering ceremony (2) : a military flag-lowering ceremony
2 : a place of privacy or safety : REFUGE
3 : a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, study, or instruction under a director a spiritual retreat a corporate retreat
intransitive verb
1 : to make a retreat : WITHDRAW
2 : to slope backward
transitive verb : to draw or lead back : REMOVE; specifically : to move (a piece) back in chess
synonyms see RECEDE
retrench
[ri’trentʃ, ri:-] vt. 删除；减少；紧缩开支
vi. 节省；紧缩
Transitive verb
1 a : CUT DOWN, REDUCE b : to cut out : EXCISE
2 : to pare away : REMOVE
intransitive verb : to make retrenchments; specifically : ECONOMIZE
synonyms see SHORTEN
revenge
[ri’vendʒ] n. 报复；复仇
vt. 报复；替…报仇；洗雪
vi. 报仇；雪耻
vt.1 : to avenge (as oneself) usually by retaliating in kind or degree
2 : to inflict injury in return for revenge an insult
Noun.1 : a desire for revenge motivated by revenge
2 : an act or instance of retaliating in order to get even plotted her revenge
3 : an opportunity for getting satisfaction sought revenge through a rematch
revenue
[‘revənju:, -nu:] n. 税收，国家的收入；收益
Noun.1 : the total income produced by a given source a property expected to yield a large annual revenue
2 : the gross income returned by an investment
3 : the yield of sources of income (as taxes) that a political unit (as a nation or state) collects and receives into the treasury for public use
4 : a government department concerned with the collection of the national revenue
reversion
[ri’və:ʃən, -ʒən] n. 逆转；回复；归还；隔代遗传；继承权
Noun.1 a : the part of a simple estate remaining in the control of its owner after the owner has granted therefrom a lesser particular estate b : a future interest in property left in the control of a grantor or the grantor’s successor
2 : the right of succession or future possession or enjoyment
3 a : an act or the process of returning (as to a former condition) b : a return toward an ancestral type or condition : reappearance of an ancestral character
4 : an act or instance of turning the opposite way : the state of being so turned
5 : a product of reversion; specifically : an organism with an atavistic character : THROWBACK
revive
[ri’vaiv] vi. 复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神
vt. 使复兴；使苏醒；回想起；重演，重播
Intransitive verb : to return to consciousness or life : become active or flourishing again
transitive verb
1 : to restore to consciousness or life
2 : to restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state : bring back
3 : to renew in the mind or memory
revolt
[ri’vəult, -‘vɔ:lt] vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶
vt. 使反感；使恶心
n. 反抗；叛乱；反感
Intransitive verb
1 : to renounce allegiance or subjection (as to a government) : REBEL
2 a : to experience disgust or shock b : to turn away with disgust
transitive verb : to cause to turn away or shrink with disgust or abhorrence
Noun.1 : a renouncing of allegiance (as to a government or party); especially : a determined armed uprising
2 : a movement or expression of vigorous dissent
synonyms see REBELLION
revulsion
[ri’vʌlʃən] n. 剧变；厌恶；强烈反感；抽回
Noun.1 : a strong pulling or drawing away : WITHDRAWAL
2 a : a sudden or strong reaction or change b : a sense of utter distaste or repugnance
rewarding
[ri’wɔ:diŋ] adj. 有益的，值得的；有报酬的，报答的
Adj.1 : yielding or likely to yield a reward : VALUABLE, SATISFYING a rewarding experience
2 : serving as a reward a rewarding smile of thanks
rhubarb
[‘ru:bɑ:b] n. 大黄的叶柄，大黄
Noun.1 : any of a genus (Rheum) of Asian plants of the buckwheat family having large leaves with thick succulent petioles often used as food; also : the petioles of rhubarb
2 : the dried rhizome and roots of any of several rhubarbs (as Rheum officinale and R. palmatum) grown in China and Tibet and used as a purgative and stomachic
3 : a heated dispute or controversy
ribald
[‘ribəld, ‘ribɔ:ld, ‘raibɔ:ld] adj. 下流的；言谈粗俗的
n. 言谈粗俗的人；说下流话的人
Noun. : a ribald person
Adj.1 : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE ribald language
2 : characterized by or using coarse indecent humor
synonyms see COARSE
rife
[raif] adj. 普遍的；流行的；盛传的
Adj.1 : prevalent especially to an increasing degree suspicion and cruelty were rife ?W. E. B. DuBois
2 : ABUNDANT, COMMON
3 : copiously supplied : ABOUNDING ? usually used with with rife with rumors
rifle
[‘raifl] n. 步枪；来复枪
vt. 用步枪射击；抢夺；偷走
Transitive verb
1 : to ransack especially with the intent to steal
2 : to steal and carry away
intransitive verb : to engage in ransacking and stealing
vt.: to cut spiral grooves into the bore of rifled arms rifled pipe
Noun.1 a : a shoulder weapon with a rifled bore b : a rifled artillery piece
2 plural : soldiers armed with rifles
vt. : to propel (as a ball) with great force or speed
rig
[riɡ] n. 装备；钻探设备；服装；帆装
vt. 操纵；装配；装扮；装上索具
vt.1 : to fit out (as a ship) with rigging
2 : CLOTHE, DRESS ? usually used with out
3 : to furnish with special gear : EQUIP
4 a : to put in condition or position for use : ADJUST, ARRANGE a car rigged for manual control b : CONSTRUCT rig up a temporary shelter
Noun.1 : the distinctive shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts of a ship
2 : EQUIPAGE; especially : a carriage with its horse
3 : CLOTHING, DRESS
4 : tackle, equipment, or machinery fitted for a specified purpose an oil-drilling rig
5 : a tractor-trailer combination
vt.1 : to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or dishonest means rig an election
2 : to fix in advance for a desired result rig the contest
rigor
[‘riɡə] n. 严厉；精确；苛刻；僵硬
Noun.1 a (1) : harsh inflexibility in opinion, temper, or judgment : SEVERITY (2) : the quality of being unyielding or inflexible : STRICTNESS (3) : severity of life : AUSTERITY b : an act or instance of strictness, severity, or cruelty
2 : a tremor caused by a chill
3 : a condition that makes life difficult, challenging, or uncomfortable; especially : extremity of cold
4 : strict precision : EXACTNESS logical rigor
5 a obsolete : RIGIDITY, STIFFNESS b : rigidness or torpor of organs or tissue that prevents response to stimuli c : RIGOR MORTIS
rile
[rail] vt. 激怒；搅浑；惹怒
vt.1 : to make agitated and angry : UPSET
2 : ROIL 1
synonyms see IRRITATE
rind
[raind, rain] n. 壳；外皮
vt. 剥壳；削皮
Noun.1 : the bark of a tree
2 : a usually hard or tough outer layer : PEEL, CRUST grated lemon rind
rinse
[rins] vt. 漱；冲洗掉；漂净
n. 冲洗；漂洗；染发剂；染发
vi. 冲洗掉；漂净
vt.1 : to cleanse by flushing with liquid (as water) ? often used with out rinse out the mouth
2 a : to cleanse (as of soap used in washing) by clear water b : to treat (hair) with a rinse
3 : to remove (dirt or impurities) by washing lightly or in water only
Noun.1 : the act or process of rinsing
2 a : liquid used for rinsing b : a solution that temporarily tints hair
riot
[‘raiət] n. 暴乱；放纵；蔓延
vi. 骚乱；放荡
vt. 浪费，挥霍
Noun.1 archaic a : profligate behavior : DEBAUCHERY b : unrestrained revelry c : noise, uproar, or disturbance made by revelers
2 a : public violence, tumult, or disorder b : a violent public disorder; specifically : a tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons assembled together and acting with a common intent
3 : a random or disorderly profusion the woods were a riot of color
4 : one that is wildly amusing the new comedy is a riot
vi.1 : to indulge in revelry or wantonness
2 : to create or engage in a riot
riotous
[‘raɪətəs] adj. 暴乱的；狂欢的；不受约束的；放荡的；茂盛的
Adj.1 a : of the nature of a riot : TURBULENT b : participating in riot
2 : ABUNDANT, EXUBERANT the garden was riotous with flowers
ripen
[‘raipən] vt. 使成熟
vi. 成熟
Intransitive verb : to grow or become ripe
transitive verb
1 : to make ripe
2 a : to bring to completeness or perfection b : to age or cure (cheese) to develop characteristic flavor, odor, body, texture, and color c : to improve flavor and tenderness of (beef or game) by aging under refrigeration
ripple
[‘ripl] n. 波纹；涟漪；涟波
vi. 起潺潺声
vt. 在…上形成波痕
Intransitive verb
1 a : to become lightly ruffled or covered with small waves b : to flow in small waves c : to fall in soft undulating folds the scarf rippled to the floor
2 : to flow with a light rise and fall of sound or inflection laughter rippled over the audience
3 : to move with an undulating motion or so as to cause ripples the canoe rippled through the water
4 : to have or produce a ripple effect : SPREAD the news rippled outwards
transitive verb
1 : to stir up small waves on
2 : to impart a wavy motion or appearance to rippling his arm muscles
3 : to utter or play with a slight rise and fall of sound
Noun.1 a : a shallow stretch of rough water in a stream b (1) : the ruffling of the surface of water (2) : a small wave
2 a : RIPPLE MARK b : a sound like that of rippling water a ripple of laughter c : a usually slight noticeable effect or reaction
ritzy
[‘rɪtsɪ] adj. 豪华的；最高级的；傲慢的
Adj.1 : SNOBBISH
2 : impressively or ostentatiously fancy or stylish : FASHIONABLE, POSH a ritzy nightclub
rive
[raiv] vi. 裂开；破裂
vt. 撕开；使沮丧
Transitive verb
1 a : to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces : REND b : to split with force or violence lightning rived the tree
2 a : to divide into pieces : SHATTER nations riven by civil war b : FRACTURE
intransitive verb : to become split : CRACK
synonyms see TEAR
riven
[‘rivən] v. 撕裂（rive的过去分词）
riveting
[‘rivitiŋ] adj. 吸引人的
n. 铆接
v. 用铆钉固定；集中于…（rivet的ing形式）
Adj.: having the power to fix the attention : ENGROSSING, FASCINATING a riveting story
roe
[rəu] n. 鱼卵，鱼子；牝鹿，獐
Noun.: DOE
Noun.1 : the eggs of a fish especially when still enclosed in the ovarian membrane
2 : the eggs or ovaries of an invertebrate (as the coral of a lobster)
rollicking
[‘rɔlikiŋ] adj. 欢乐的；喧闹的
n. 申斥；责骂
Adj.: boisterously carefree, joyful, or high-spirited a rollicking adventure film
rotate
[rəu’teit, ‘rəut-, ‘rəuteit] vi. 旋转；循环
vt. 使旋转；使转动；使轮流
adj. 辐状的
Adj.: having the parts flat and spreading or radiating like the spokes of a wheel rotate blue flowers
intransitive verb
1 a : to perform an act, function, or operation in turn b : to pass or alternate in a series
2 : to turn about an axis or a center : REVOLVE; especially : to move in such a way that all particles follow circles with a common angular velocity about a common axis
transitive verb
1 a : to cause to turn or move about an axis or a center b : to cause (a plane region or line) to sweep out a volume or surface by moving around an axis so that each of its points remains at a constant distance from the axis generate a torus by rotating a circle about an external line
2 : to cause to grow in rotation rotate crops
3 : to cause to pass or act in a series : ALTERNATE
4 : to exchange (individuals or units) with others
rote
[rəut] n. 死记硬背；生搬硬套
Noun. : 3CROWD 1
Noun.1 : the use of memory usually with little intelligence learn by rote
2 : mechanical or unthinking routine or repetition a joyless sense of order, rote, and commercial hustle ?L. L. King
Adj.1 : learned or memorized by rote
2 : MECHANICAL 3a
Noun. : the noise of surf on the shore
rotten
[‘rɔtən] adj. 腐烂的；堕落的；恶臭的；虚弱的；[俚]极坏的
adv. [口]非常
Adj.1 : having rotted : PUTRID
2 : morally corrupt
3 : extremely unpleasant or inferior a rotten day a rotten job
4 : very uncomfortable feeling rotten
5 : of very poor quality : LOUSY, ABOMINABLE a rotten show what rotten luck
Adv. : to an extreme degree spoiled rotten
roughen
[‘rʌfən] vi. 变粗糙
vt. 使粗糙
Transitive verb : to make rough or rougher her hands were roughened by work ?Ellen Glasgow
intransitive verb : to become rough
roundabout
[‘raundə,baut] adj. 迂回的，绕道的；圆滚滚的
n. 迂回路线；环状交叉路口
Adj.: CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT had to take a roundabout route
Noun.1 : a circuitous route : DETOUR
2 British : MERRY-GO-ROUND
3 : a short close-fitting jacket worn by men and boys especially in the 19th century
4 British : ROTARY 2
rout
[raut] vt. 击溃
vi. 搜寻
n. 溃败；暴动
Noun.1 : a crowd of people : THRONG; specifically : RABBLE 2b
2 a : DISTURBANCE b archaic : FUSS
3 : a fashionable gathering
vi.dialect chiefly British : to low loudly : BELLOW ? used of cattle
intransitive verb
1 : to poke around with the snout : ROOT pigs routing in the earth
2 : to search haphazardly
transitive verb
1 a archaic : to dig up with the snout b : to gouge out or make a furrow in (as wood or metal)
2 a : to force out as if by digging ? usually used with out b : to cause to emerge especially from bed
3 : to come up with : UNCOVER scoutsTrouting out new talent ?Carrie Donovan
Noun.1 : a state of wild confusion or disorderly retreat
2 a : a disastrous defeat : DEBACLE b : a precipitate flight
vt.1 a : to disorganize completely : DEMORALIZE b : to put to precipitate flight c : to defeat decisively or disastrously the discomfiture of seeing their party routed at the polls ?A. N. Holcombe
2 : to drive out : DISPEL
rove
[rəuv] vt. 漫游于；漂泊于
vi. 流浪；飘忽不定
n. 流浪；徘徊；粗纺线
Intransitive verb : to move aimlessly : ROAM
transitive verb : to wander through or over
synonyms see WANDER
Noun. : an act or instance of wandering
vt. : to join (textile fibers) with a slight twist and draw out into roving
Noun.: ROVING
ruckus
[‘rʌkəs] n. 骚动；喧闹
Noun.: ROW, DISTURBANCE raise a ruckus
rudder
[‘rʌdə] n. 船舵；飞机方向舵
Noun.1 : an underwater blade that is positioned at the stern of a boat or ship and controlled by its helm and that when turned causes the vessel’s head to turn in the same direction
2 : a movable auxiliary airfoil on an airplane usually attached at the rear end that serves to control direction of flight in the horizontal plane ? see AIRPLANE illustration
3 : a guiding force or strategy
ruddy
['rʌdi] adj. 红的；红润的 adv. [口]极度；非常 vt. 使变红 vi. 变红 Adj.1 : having a healthy reddish color 2 : RED, REDDISH 3 British ? used as an intensive *bellowed like a ruddy bull when she wanted food ?Doreen Tovey*
rue
[ru:] vi. 后悔；悲伤
vt. 后悔；懊悔
n. 芸香；[古]后悔
Noun. : REGRET, SORROW with rue my heart is laden ?A. E. Housman
transitive verb : to feel penitence, remorse, or regret for
intransitive verb : to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret
Noun.: a European strong-scented perennial woody herb (Ruta graveolens of the family Rutaceae, the rue family) that has bitter leaves used medicinally
ruffle
[‘rʌfl] vt. 弄皱；触怒；扰乱；迅速翻动
vi. 起皱；烦恼；连续地轻敲
n. 皱褶；生气；混乱；连续轻敲声
Transitive verb
1 a : ROUGHEN, ABRADE b : TROUBLE, VEX is not ruffled by such barbs ?Bruce Anderson
2 : to erect (as feathers) in or like a ruff
3 a : to flip through (as pages) b : SHUFFLE
4 : to make into a ruffle
intransitive verb : to become ruffled their dispositions ruffle perceptibly ?Life
Noun.1 : COMMOTION, BRAWL
2 : a state or cause of irritation
3 a : a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge b : 2RUFF 2
4 : an unevenness or disturbance of surface : RIPPLE
Noun.: a low vibrating drumbeat less loud than a roll
rumble
[‘rʌmbl] vt. 使隆隆响；低沉地说
vi. 隆隆作响
n. 隆隆声；抱怨声
Intransitive verb
1 : to make a low heavy rolling sound thunder rumbling in the distance
2 : to travel with a low reverberating sound wagons rumbled into town
3 : to speak in a low rolling tone
4 : to engage in a rumble
transitive verb
1 : to utter or emit in a low rolling voice
2 British : to reveal or discover the true character of
Noun.1 a : a low heavy continuous reverberating often muffled sound (as of thunder) b : low frequency noise in phonographic playback caused by the transmission of mechanical vibrations by the turntable to the pickup
2 : a seat for servants behind the body of a carriage
3 a : widespread expression of dissatisfaction or unrest b : a street fight especially among gangs
ruminate
[‘ru:mineit] vt. 反刍；沉思；反复思考
vi. 沉思，反刍
Transitive verb
1 : to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly
2 : to chew repeatedly for an extended period
intransitive verb
1 : to chew again what has been chewed slightly and swallowed : chew the cud
2 : to engage in contemplation : REFLECT
synonyms see PONDER
rumple
['rʌmpl] vt. 弄皱；弄得乱七八糟 vi. 弄皱；变凌乱 n. 皱褶；皱纹 Noun.: FOLD, WRINKLE transitive verb 1 : WRINKLE, CRUMPLE 2 : to make unkempt : TOUSLE intransitive verb : to become rumpled
rumpus
[‘rʌmpəs] n. 喧闹；骚乱
Noun.: a usually noisy commotion
runic
[‘ru:nik] adj. 古代北欧文字的;神秘的
n. 北欧古字碑文
Adj.1 a : of, relating to, or consisting of runes runic inscription runic verses b : having secret or magical meaning runic markings runic rhymes
2 : of or relating to the ancient Scandinavians runic poetry runic mythology
rupture
[‘rʌptʃə] n. 破裂；决裂；疝气
vi. 破裂；发疝气
vt. 使破裂；断绝；发生疝
Noun.1 : breach of peace or concord; specifically : open hostility or war between nations
2 a : the tearing apart of a tissue rupture of the heart muscle rupture of an intervertebral disk b : HERNIA
3 : a breaking apart or the state of being broken apart
transitive verb
1 a : to part by violence : BREAK, BURST b : to create or induce a breach of
2 : to produce a rupture in
intransitive verb : to have or undergo a rupture
rural
[‘ruərəl] adj. 农村的，乡下的；田园的，有乡村风味的
Adj.: of or relating to the country, country people or life, or agriculture
ruse
[ru:z, ru:s] n. 策略，计策；诡计
Noun. : a wily subterfuge
synonyms see TRICK
rustle
[‘rʌsl] vi. 发出沙沙声
vt. 使…沙沙作响
n. 沙沙声；急忙；飒飒声
Intransitive verb
1 : to make or cause a rustle
2 a : to act or move with energy or speed b : to forage food
3 : to steal cattle
transitive verb
1 : to cause to rustle
2 a : to obtain by one’s own exertions ? often used with up able to rustle up $5,000 bail ?Jack McCallum b : FORAGE
3 : to steal (as livestock) especially from a farm or ranch
Noun. : a quick succession or confusion of small sounds
ruthlessness
[‘ru:θlisnis] n. 无情；冷酷；残忍
Noun. : the quality or state of being ruthless
sacrament
[‘sækrəmənt] n. [宗]圣礼；圣餐；神秘的事物
vt. 立誓
Nun.1 a : a Christian rite (as baptism or the Eucharist) that is believed to have been ordained by Christ and that is held to be a means of divine grace or to be a sign or symbol of a spiritual reality b : a religious rite or observance comparable to a Christian sacrament
2 capitalized a : COMMUNION 2a b : BLESSED SACRAMENT
3 : something likened to a religious sacrament saw voting as a sacrament of democracy
sacrilege
[‘sækrilidʒ] n. 冒渎；亵渎圣物；悖理逆天的行为
Noun.1 : a technical and not necessarily intrinsically outrageous violation (as improper reception of a sacrament) of what is sacred because consecrated to God
2 : gross irreverence toward a hallowed person, place, or thing
sadden
[‘sædən] vt. 使悲伤，使难过；使黯淡
vi. 悲哀；悲痛
Transitive verb : to make sad
intransitive verb : to become sad
saddle
[‘sædl] n. 鞍，鞍状物；车座；拖具
vt. 承受；使负担；装以马鞍
vi. 跨上马鞍
Noun.1 a (1) : a girthed usually padded and leather-covered seat for the rider of an animal (as a horse) (2) : a part of a driving harness comparable to a saddle that is used to keep the breeching in place b : a seat to be straddled by the rider of a vehicle (as a bicycle)
2 : a device mounted as a support and often shaped to fit the object held
3 a : a ridge connecting two higher elevations b : a pass in a mountain range
4 a : both sides of the unsplit back of a carcass including both loins b : a colored marking on the back of an animal c : the rear part of a male fowl’s back extending to the tail ? see DUCK illustration
5 : the central part of the spine of the binding of a book
6 : a piece of leather across the instep of a shoe
transitive verb
1 : to put a saddle on
2 a : to place under a burden or encumbrance b : to place (an onerous responsibility) on a person or group
intransitive verb : to mount a saddled horse
sag
[sæɡ] n. 松弛；下跌；漂流；萧条
vi. 下垂；下降；萎靡
vt. 使下垂
Intransitive verb
1 : to droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness
2 a : to lose firmness, resiliency, or vigor spirits sagging from overwork b : to decline especially from a thriving state
3 : DRIFT
4 : to fail to stimulate or retain interest
transitive verb : to cause to sag : leave slack in
Noun.1 : a tendency to drift (as of a ship to leeward)
2 a : a sagging part the sag in a rope b : a drop or depression below the surrounding area c : an instance or amount of sagging
3 : a temporary decline (as in the price of a commodity)
salmon
[‘sæmən] n. 鲑鱼；大马哈鱼；鲑肉色
adj. 浅澄色的
Noun.1 a : a large anadromous salmonid fish (Salmo salar) of the North Atlantic noted as a game and food fish ? called also Atlantic salmon b : any of various anadromous salmonid fishes other than the salmon; especially : PACIFIC SALMON c : a fish (as a barramundi) resembling a salmon
2 : the variable color of salmon’s flesh averaging a strong yellowish pink
salutation
[,sælju:’teiʃən] n. 称呼；问候；招呼；寒喧
Noun.1 a : an expression of greeting, goodwill, or courtesy by word, gesture, or ceremony b plural : REGARDS
2 : the word or phrase of greeting (as Gentlemen or Dear Sir or Madam) that conventionally comes immediately before the body of a letter
salute
[sə’lju:t, sɑ:’lu:te] n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼
vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎
vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼
Transitive verb
1 a : to address with expressions of kind wishes, courtesy, or honor b : to give a sign of respect, courtesy, or goodwill to : GREET
2 : to become apparent to (one of the senses)
3 a : to honor (as a person, nation, or event) by a conventional military or naval ceremony b : to show respect and recognition to (a military superior) by assuming a prescribed position c : to express commendation of : PRAISE
intransitive verb : to make a salute
Noun.1 : GREETING, SALUTATION
2 a : a sign, token, or ceremony expressing goodwill, compliment, or respect the festival was a salute to the arts b : the position (as of the hand) or the entire attitude of a person saluting a superior
3 : FIRECRACKER
salve
[sælv] vt. 涂油膏；缓和
n. 药膏；安慰
Noun.1 : an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or sores
2 : a remedial or soothing influence or agency a salve to their hurt feelings
vt.1 : to remedy (as disease) with or as if with a salve
2 : QUIET, ASSUAGE give him a raise in salary to salve his feelings ?Upton Sinclair
vt.: SALVAGE
sampler
[‘sɑ:mplə, ‘sæ-] n. 采样器；取样器；样品检查员
Noun.: a decorative piece of needlework typically having letters or verses embroidered on it in various stitches as an example of skill
Noun.1 : one that collects, prepares, or examines samples
2 : something containing representative specimens or selections a sampler of nineteen poets ?K. E. Judd; also : ASSORTMENT
sangfroid
[sɔŋ’frwa:] n. 沉着；冷静
Noun.: self-possession or imperturbability especially under strain
synonyms see EQUANIMITY
sanitize
[‘sænɪtaɪz] vt. 使…无害；给…消毒；对…采取卫生措施
vt.1 : to make sanitary (as by cleaning or sterilizing)
2 : to make more acceptable by removing unpleasant or undesired features attempts to sanitize historical accounts
sanity
[‘sænəti] n. 明智；头脑清楚；精神健全；通情达理
Noun. : the quality or state of being sane; especially : soundness or health of mind
sardonic
[sɑː’dɒnɪk] adj. 讽刺的；嘲笑的，冷笑的
Adj. : disdainfully or skeptically humorous : derisively mocking a sardonic comment his sardonic expression
synonyms see SARCASTIC
sartorial
[sɑ:’tɔ:riəl, sə-] adj. 裁缝的；缝纫的；裁缝匠的
Adj.: of or relating to a tailor or tailored clothes; broadly : of or relating to clothes poor sartorial taste
sash
[sæʃ] n. 腰带；肩带；饰带；框格
vt. 系上腰带；装以窗框
Noun.: a band worn about the waist or over one shoulder and used as a dress accessory or the emblem of an honorary or military order
Noun. : the framework in which panes of glass are set in a window or door; also : such a framework together with its panes forming a usually movable part of a window
satanic
[sə’tænik; sei-] adj. 邪恶的；魔鬼的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of Satan or satanism satanic pride satanic rites
2 : characterized by extreme cruelty or viciousness
sate
[seit] v. 使心满意足，使饱享（sit 的过去式和过去分词）
vt.1 : to cloy with overabundance : GLUT
2 : to appease (as a thirst) by indulging to the full
synonyms see SATIATE
satiny
[‘sætini] adj. 光滑的，缎子似的，柔软的
Adj. : having or resembling the soft usually lustrous smoothness of satin a satiny finish
satire
[‘sætaiə] n. 讽刺；讽刺文学，讽刺作品
Noun.1 : a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn
2 : trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly
synonyms see WIT
saturated
[‘sætʃəreitid] adj. 饱和的；渗透的；深颜色的
v. 使渗透，使饱和（saturate的过去式）
Adj.1 : full of moisture : made thoroughly wet
2 a : being a solution that is unable to absorb or dissolve any more of a solute at a given temperature and pressure b : being an organic compound having no double or triple bonds between carbon atoms saturated fats
3 of a color : having high saturation : PURE
saucy
[‘sɔ:si, ‘sæ-] adj. 漂亮的；活泼的；莽撞的；俏丽的
Adj.1 : served with or having the consistency of sauce
2 a : impertinently bold and impudent b : amusingly forward and flippant : IRREPRESSIBLE
3 : SMART, TRIM a saucy little hat
saunter
[‘sɔ:ntə, ‘sɑ:n-] n. 漫步；闲逛
vi. 闲逛；漫步
vi. : to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner : STROLL sauntered slowly down the street
savvy
n. 悟性；理解能力；懂行（的人）
vt. 理解；懂
vi. 理解；知道
Verb. : UNDERSTAND
Noun. : practical know-how political savvy
scabrous
[‘skeɪbrəs; ‘skæbrəs] adj. 粗糙的；难解决的；猥亵的
Adj.1 : DIFFICULT, KNOTTY a scabrous problem
2 : rough to the touch: as a : having small raised dots, scales, or points a scabrous leaf b : covered with raised, roughened, or unwholesome patches scabrous paint scabrous skin
3 : dealing with suggestive, indecent, or scandalous themes : SALACIOUS; also : SQUALID
synonyms see ROUGH
scads
[skædz] n. 很多；巨额
scald
[skɔ:ld] vt. 烫伤；烫洗；加热；晒焦
vi. 烫伤；烫洗；煮沸
n. 烫伤；烫洗
Transitive verb
1 : to burn with or as if with hot liquid or steam
2 a : to subject to the action of boiling water or steam b : to bring to a temperature just below the boiling point scald milk
3 : SCORCH
intransitive verb
1 : to scald something
2 : to become scalded
Noun.1 : an injury to the body caused by scalding
2 : an act or process of scalding
3 : any of various conditions or diseases of plants or fruits marked especially by a usually brownish discoloration of tissue
Adj.1 archaic : SCABBY, SCURFY
2 archaic : SHABBY, CONTEMPTIBLE
Adj.: subjected to scalding coffeeTwith scald cream ?Charles Kingsley
scalding
[‘skɔ:ldiŋ] adj. 滚烫的；尖刻的
n. 烫伤
v. 烫（scald的ing形式）
Adj.1 : hot enough to scald scalding water
2 a : having or producing the feeling of being burned scalding sun scalding sand b : SCATHING scalding criticism
scamp
[skæmp] n. 流氓；（昵称）顽皮的家伙 vt. 草率地做，对…草率行事 vi. 为人吝啬；节俭 Noun.1 : RASCAL, ROGUE 2 : an impish or playful young person vt. : to perform or deal with in a hasty, neglectful, or imperfect manner
scamper
[‘skæmpə] vi. 蹦蹦跳跳；奔跑，惊惶奔跑
n. 蹦跳；奔跑
vi.: to run nimbly and usually playfully about
Noun. : a playful or hurried run or movement
scan
[skæn] vt. 扫描；浏览；细看；详细调查；标出格律
vi. 扫描；扫掠
n. 扫描；浏览；审视；细看
Transitive verb
1 : to read or mark so as to show metrical structure scan poetry
2 : to examine by point-by-point observation or checking: a : to investigate thoroughly by checking point by point and often repeatedly a fire lookout scanning the hills with binoculars b : to glance from point to point of often hastily, casually, or in search of a particular item scan the want ads looking for a job
3 a : to examine systematically (as by passing a beam of radiation over or through) in order to obtain data especially for display or storage scanned the patient’s heart radar scans the horizon scan the photos into the computer b : to pass over in the formation of an image the electron beam scans the picture tube
intransitive verb
1 : to scan verse
2 : to conform to a metrical pattern this poem scans well
synonyms see SCRUTINIZE
Noun.1 : the act or process of scanning
2 : a radar or television trace
3 : an image formed by scanning something: as a : a depiction (as a photograph) of the distribution of a radioactive material in something (as a bodily organ) b : an image of a bodily part produced (as by computer) by combining ultrasonic or radiographic data obtained from several angles or sections
scandal
[‘skændəl] n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤
Noun.1 a : discredit brought upon religion by unseemly conduct in a religious person b : conduct that causes or encourages a lapse of faith or of religious obedience in another
2 : loss of or damage to reputation caused by actual or apparent violation of morality or propriety : DISGRACE
3 a : a circumstance or action that offends propriety or established moral conceptions or disgraces those associated with it b : a person whose conduct offends propriety or morality a scandal to the profession
4 : malicious or defamatory gossip
5 : indignation, chagrin, or bewilderment brought about by a flagrant violation of morality, propriety, or religious opinion
synonyms see OFFENSE
vt.1 obsolete : DISGRACE
2 chiefly dialect : DEFAME, SLANDER
scar
[skɑ:] vt. 伤害；给留下伤痕
vi. 结疤；痊愈
n. 创伤；伤痕
Noun.1 : an isolated or protruding rock
2 : a steep rocky eminence : a bare place on the side of a mountain
Noun.1 : a mark left (as in the skin) by the healing of injured tissue
2 a : a mark left on a stem or branch by a fallen leaf or harvested fruit b : CICATRIX 2
3 : a mark or indentation resulting from damage or wear
4 : a lasting moral or emotional injury one of his men had been killedTin a manner that left a scar upon his mind ?H. G. Wells
transitive verb
1 : to mark with a scar
2 : to do lasting injury to
intransitive verb
1 : to form a scar
2 : to become scarred
scare
[skεə] vt. 惊吓；把…吓跑 vi. 受惊 n. 恐慌；惊吓；惊恐 adj. （美）骇人的 Transitive verb : to frighten especially suddenly : ALARM intransitive verb : to become scared Noun.1 : a sudden fright 2 : a widespread state of alarm : PANIC
scatter
[‘skætə] vi. 分散，散开；散射
vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播
n. 分散；散播，撒播
Transitive verb
1 a : to cause to separate widely b : to cause to vanish
2 archaic : to fling away heedlessly : SQUANDER
3 : to distribute irregularly
4 : to sow by casting in all directions : STREW
5 a : to reflect irregularly and diffusely b : to cause (a beam of radiation) to diffuse or disperse
6 : to divide into ineffectual small portions
intransitive verb
1 : to separate and go in various directions : DISPERSE
2 : to occur or fall irregularly or at random
Noun.1 : the act of scattering
2 : a small quantity or number irregularly distributed or strewn about : SCATTERING
3 : the state or extent of being scattered; especially : DISPERSION
schematize
[‘skiːmətaɪz] vt. 系统化；计划；扼要表示
vt.1 : to form or to form into a scheme or systematic arrangement
2 : to express or depict schematically
scintillate
[‘sɪntɪleɪt] vi. 发出火花；闪烁
Intransitive verb
1 : to emit sparks : SPARK
2 : to emit quick flashes as if throwing off sparks : SPARKLE
transitive verb : to throw off as a spark or as sparkling flashes stars scintillate in the sky scintillate witticisms
scission
[‘siʒən] n. 切断，分离；断开
Noun.1 : a division or split in a group or union : SCHISM
2 : an action or process of cutting, dividing, or splitting : the state of being cut, divided, or split
scissor
[‘sizə] vt. 用剪刀剪；删去
n. 剪刀
Noun.: SCISSORS
vt. : to cut, cut up, or cut off with scissors or shears scissored the paper into strips
scoff
[skɔf, skɔ:f] n. 嘲笑；愚弄；笑柄
vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；贪婪地吃
vi. 嘲笑；嘲弄；狼吞虎咽
Noun.1 : an expression of scorn, derision, or contempt : GIBE
2 : an object of scorn, mockery, or derision
intransitive verb : to show contempt by derisive acts or language scoffed at the idea
transitive verb : to treat or address with derision : MOCK
transitive verb
1 : to eat greedily scoffed dinner
2 : SEIZE ? often used with up scoffed up the free gifts
intransitive verb : to eat something greedily
scorch
[skɔ:tʃ] vt. 烧焦；使枯萎；挖苦
vi. 烧焦；枯萎
n. 烧焦；焦痕
Transitive verb
1 : to burn a surface of so as to change its color and texture
2 a : to dry or shrivel with or as if with intense heat : PARCH b : to afflict painfully with censure or sarcasm
3 : DEVASTATE; especially : to destroy (as property of possible use to an advancing enemy) before abandoning ? used in the phrase scorched earth
intransitive verb
1 : to become scorched
2 : to travel at great and usually excessive speed
3 : to cause intense heat or mental anguish scorching sun scorching fury
Noun.1 : a result of scorching
2 : a browning of plant tissues usually from disease or heat
vt. dialect British : CUT, SLASH
scorching
[‘skɔrtʃɪŋ] adj. 灼热的；激烈的；讽刺的；过早硫化的
v. 把…烧焦；严厉批评；切割；过早硫化（scorch的ing形式）
Adj.1 : that scorches : BURNING several days of scorching heat?Allison Danzig & Joe King
2 : BLISTERING, SCATHING, STINGING, WITHERING capable of making scorching retorts when provoked?F.L.Paxson scorching indictment of the foreign policies?Reinhold Niebuhr a scorching message to congress blasting the idle rich?W.A.White
Adv. : to a scorching degree the day was scorching hot?Winston Churchill
Noun.1 : an act of one that scorches
2 : SCORCH 2
scotch
[skɔtʃ] vi. 弄伤；制止转动；扑灭；镇压
n. 刻痕
vt.1 archaic : CUT, GASH, SCORE; also : WOUND we have scotched the snake, not killed it ?Shakespeare
2 : to put an end to scotched rumors of a military takeover
Noun.: a superficial cut : SCORE
Noun.: a chock to prevent rolling or slipping
vt.1 : to block with a chock
2 : HINDER, THWART
scowl
[skaul] n. 愁容；怒容；阴沉沉的样子
vi. 皱眉；怒视
vt. 皱眉表示；对…沉下脸
Intransitive verb
1 : to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure
2 : to exhibit a threatening aspect
transitive verb : to express with a scowl
Noun. : a facial expression of displeasure : FROWN
scraggly
[‘skræɡlɪ] adj. 凸凹不平的；锯齿状的；散乱的
Adj.: irregular in form or growth scraggly hills a scraggly beard; also : UNKEMPT
scrape
[skreip] n. 刮掉；擦痕；困境；刮擦声
vt. 刮；擦伤；挖成
vi. 刮掉；刮出刺耳声
Transitive verb
1 a : to remove from a surface by usually repeated strokes of an edged instrument b : to make (a surface) smooth or clean with strokes of an edged instrument or an abrasive
2 a : to grate harshly over or against b : to damage or injure the surface of by contact with a rough surface c : to draw roughly or noisily over a surface
3 : to collect by or as if by scraping ? often used with up or together scrape up the price of a ticket
intransitive verb
1 : to move in sliding contact with a rough surface
2 : to accumulate money by small economies
3 : to draw back the foot along the ground in making a bow
4 : to make one’s way with difficulty : barely manage or succeed just scraped through at school working two jobs and barely scraping by
Noun.1 a : the act or process of scraping b : a sound made by scraping c : a mark or injury caused by scraping : ABRASION bumps and scrapes
2 a : the nest of a bird consisting of a usually shallow depression in the ground b : a cleared area on the forest floor made by a male deer during breeding season to attract a doe
3 : a bow made with a drawing back of the foot along the ground
4 a : a distressing encounter a scrape with death b : ALTERCATION, FIGHT
scrawl
[skrɔ:l] vt. 潦草地写；乱涂
vi. 乱涂，涂鸦；乱写
n. 潦草的笔迹
Transitive verb : to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly scrawled his name
intransitive verb : to write awkwardly or carelessly
scribble
[‘skribl] n. 潦草写成的东西；潦草的写法；杂文
vt. 乱写；滥写；潦草地书写
vi. 乱写；乱涂
Transitive verb
1 : to write hastily or carelessly without regard to legibility or form
2 : to cover with careless or worthless writings or drawings
intransitive verb : to write or draw hastily and carelessly
scrimp
[skrɪmp] adj. 吝啬的；不足的 vi. 精打细算；吝啬 vt. 节省；过度缩减；克扣 Transitive verb 1 : to be stingy in providing for 2 : to make too small, short, or scanty intransitive verb : to be frugal or stingy
scripture
[‘skriptʃə] n. （大写）圣经；手稿；（大写）圣经的一句
Noun.1 a (1) capitalized : the books of the Bible ? often used in plural (2) often capitalized : a passage from the Bible b : a body of writings considered sacred or authoritative
2 : something written the primitive man’s awe for any scripture ?George Santayana
scruffy
[‘skrʌfi] adj. 破旧的；肮脏的；不整齐的
Adj.: UNKEMPT, SLOVENLY, SHAGGY a scruffy neighborhood a scruffy beard
scrumptious
[‘skrʌm(p)ʃəs] adj. 美味的；绝妙的，极好的
Adj.: DELIGHTFUL, EXCELLENT; especially : DELICIOUS
scrutable
[‘skru:təbl] adj. 可以了解的；可解读的
Adj. : capable of being deciphered : COMPREHENSIBLE
scrutinize
['skru:tinaiz] vi. 细阅；作详细检查 vt. 详细检查；细看 n. 仔细或彻底检查 Transitive verb : to examine closely and minutely intransitive verb : to make a scrutiny
scud
[skʌd] n. [俚]飞毛腿；疾行；飘飞的云
vi. 疾行；[航]顺风行驶
vi.1 : to move or run swiftly especially as if driven forward clouds scudding across the sky
2 : to run before a gale
Noun.1 : the action of scudding : RUSH
2 a : loose vapory clouds driven swiftly by the wind b (1) : a slight sudden shower (2) : mist, rain, snow, or spray driven by the wind c : a gust of wind
scuff
[skʌf] vt. 使磨损；践踏；拖着脚走
vi. 磨损；拖着脚走
n. 拖着脚走；磨损之处
Intransitive verb
1 a : to walk without lifting the feet : SHUFFLE b : to poke or shuffle a foot in exploration or embarrassment
2 : to become scratched, chipped, or roughened by wear a countertop that won’t scuff
transitive verb
1 : 3CUFF
2 a : to scrape (the feet) along a surface while walking or back and forth while standing b : to poke at with the toe
3 : to scratch, gouge, or wear away the surface of scuffed my shoes
Noun.1 a : a noise of or as if of scuffing b : the act or an instance of scuffing c : a mark or injury caused by scuffing
2 : a flat-soled slipper without quarter or heel strap ? compare MULE
scurry
[‘skʌri, ‘skə:-] n. 急跑；短距离赛跑（或赛马）
vi. 急赶；急跑
vt. 急赶
vi.1 : to move in or as if in a brisk pace : SCAMPER
2 : to move around in an agitated, confused, or fluttering manner
scurvy
[‘skə:vi] adj. 卑鄙的，下流的
n. 坏血病
Noun. : a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C and characterized by spongy gums, loosening of the teeth, and a bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes
Adj.: arousing disgust or scorn : CONTEMPTIBLE, DESPICABLE a scurvy trick
synonyms see CONTEMPTIBLE
scutter
[‘skʌtə] vi. 急跑；疾走
n. 疾走
vi. : SCURRY, SCAMPER
seafaring
[‘si:,fεəriŋ] adj. 航海的
n. 航海业；海上航行
Noun. : the use of the sea for travel or transportation
