L38 Flashcards
remit
[ri’mit, ‘ri:mit] vt. 宽恕；免除；减轻；传送；使恢复原状
vi. 汇款；缓和
n. 移交的事物
Transitive verb
1 a : to lay aside (a mood or disposition) partly or wholly b : to desist from (an activity) c : to let (as attention or diligence) slacken : RELAX
2 a : to release from the guilt or penalty of remit sins b : to refrain from exacting remit a tax c : to cancel or refrain from inflicting remit the penalty d : to give relief from (suffering)
3 : to submit or refer for consideration, judgment, decision, or action; specifically : REMAND
4 : to restore or consign to a former status or condition
5 : POSTPONE, DEFER
6 : to send (money) to a person or place especially in payment of a demand, account, or draft
intransitive verb
1 a : to abate in force or intensity : MODERATE b : to abate symptoms (as of a disease) for a period
2 : to send money (as in payment)
Noun.1 : an act of remitting
2 : something remitted to another person or authority
remittance
[rɪ’mɪt(ə)ns] n. 汇款；汇寄之款；汇款额
Noun.1 a : a sum of money remitted b : an instrument by which money is remitted
2 : transmittal of money (as to a distant place)
remonstrance
[ri’mɔnstrəns] n. 抗议；规劝；谏书
Noun.1 : an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievance; especially : a document formally stating such points
2 : an act or instance of remonstrating
remonstrate
[‘remənstreit, ri’mɔn-] vt. 责备，告诫；抗议；表示异议
vi. 抗议，反对；进谏；告诫
Intransitive verb : to present and urge reasons in opposition : EXPOSTULATE ? usually used with with
transitive verb : to say or plead in protest, reproof, or opposition
remunerate
[ri’mju:nəreit] vt. 酬劳；给与报酬；赔偿
vt.1 : to pay an equivalent for their services were generously remunerated
2 : to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense : RECOMPENSE
synonyms see PAY
renal
[‘ri:nəl] adj. 肾脏的，肾的
Adj.: relating to, involving, or located in the region of the kidneys : NEPHRITIC renal disease renal failure
renascent
[ri’næsənt, -‘nei-] adj. 新生的，复活的；复兴的
Adj.: rising again into being or vigor
rend
[rend] vt. 撕碎；分裂；强夺
vi. 将……撕开；使……分离
Transitive verb
1 : to remove from place by violence : WREST
2 : to split or tear apart or in pieces by violence
3 : to tear (the hair or clothing) as a sign of anger, grief, or despair
4 a : to lacerate mentally or emotionally b : to pierce with sound c : to divide (as a nation) into contesting factions
intransitive verb
1 : to perform an act of tearing or splitting
2 : to become torn or split
synonyms see TEAR
rendering
[‘rendəriŋ] n. 翻译；表现；表演；描写；打底；（建筑物等）透视图
vt. 致使；表演；打底（render的ing形式）
vi. 给予补偿（rendr的ing形式）
Noun.1 : a work forming a presentation, expression, or interpretation (as of an idea, theme, or part) : RENDITION, VERSION: as a : TRANSLATION b : a finished perspective drawing of a proposed building or product : VISUALIZATION nicely colored renderings of buildings on the drawing boards T from a huge cement plant to a modest church?A.W.Baum c : a rendered illustration of an object of art made renderings of Spanish colonial arts in New Mexico for the Index of American Design?Southwest Review
2 a : a coat of plaster laid directly on brickwork or stonework b Britain : the finish coat of mortar on a concrete floor or roof on which tiles are laid c : the finish application of a material on a wall usually for decorative purposes
rendition
[ren’diʃən] n. 译文；演奏；提供；[古]引渡逃奴
Noun.: the act or result of rendering: as a : SURRENDER b : TRANSLATION c : PERFORMANCE, INTERPRETATION
renege
[ri'ni:ɡ, -'neiɡ, -'niɡ, -'neɡ] vi. 食言；违例出牌 vt. [古]否认 n. 出牌违例 Transitive verb : DENY, RENOUNCE intransitive verb 1 obsolete : to make a denial 2 : REVOKE 3 : to go back on a promise or commitment
renovate
[‘renəuveit] vt. 更新；修复；革新；刷新
vt.1 : to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding)
2 : to restore to life, vigor, or activity : REVIVE the church was renovated by a new ecumenical spirit
synonyms see RENEW
rent
[rent] n. 租金
vt. 出租；租用；租借
vi. 租；出租
Noun.1 : property (as a house) rented or for rent
2 a : a usually fixed periodical return made by a tenant or occupant of property to the owner for the possession and use thereof; especially : an agreed sum paid at fixed intervals by a tenant to the landlord b : the amount paid by a hirer of personal property to the owner for the use thereof
3 a : the portion of the income of an economy (as of a nation) attributable to land as a factor of production in addition to capital and labor b : ECONOMIC RENT
transitive verb
1 : to grant the possession and enjoyment of in exchange for rent
2 : to take and hold under an agreement to pay rent
intransitive verb
1 : to be for rent
2 a : to obtain the possession and use of a place or article in exchange for rent b : to allow the possession and use of property in exchange for rent
synonyms see HIRE
Noun.1 : an opening made by or as if by rending
2 : a split in a party or organized group : SCHISM
3 : an act or instance of rending
renunciate
[rɪ’nʌnsɪeɪt] vt. 放弃；宣布中止
repartee
[,repɑ:’ti:, -pə-] n. 机敏的应答；妙语；巧辩
Noun.1 a : a quick and witty reply b : a succession or interchange of clever retorts : amusing and usually light sparring with words
2 : adroitness and cleverness in reply : skill in repartee
synonyms see WIT
repent
[ri’pent] vi. 后悔；忏悔
vt. 后悔；对…感到后悔
adj. [植]匍匐生根的；[动]爬行的
Intransitive verb
1 : to turn from sin and dedicate oneself to the amendment of one’s life
2 a : to feel regret or contrition b : to change one’s mind
transitive verb
1 : to cause to feel regret or contrition
2 : to feel sorrow, regret, or contrition for
Adj. : CREEPING, PROSTRATE repent stems
repercussion
[,ri:pə’kʌʃən, re-] n. 反响；弹回；反射；[医]浮动诊胎法
Noun.1 : REFLECTION, REVERBERATION
2 a : an action or effect given or exerted in return : a reciprocal action or effect b : a widespread, indirect, or unforeseen effect of an act, action, or event ? usually used in plural
repine
[ri’pain] vi. 抱怨；不满
vi.1 : to feel or express dejection or discontent : COMPLAIN
2 : to long for something
repose
[ri’pəuz] n. 休息；睡眠；静止
vt. 使休息；寄托于
vi. 休息；座落；长眠；依靠；静卧；建立于
Transitive verb : to lay at rest
intransitive verb
1 a : to lie at rest b : to lie dead reposing in state c : to remain still or concealed
2 : to take a rest
3 archaic : RELY
4 : to rest for support : LIE
Noun.1 a : a state of resting after exertion or strain; especially : rest in sleep b : eternal or heavenly rest pray for the repose of a soul
2 a : a place of rest b : PEACE, TRANQUILLITY the repose of the bayous c : a harmony in the arrangement of parts and colors that is restful to the eye
3 a : lack of activity : QUIESCENCE b : cessation or absence of activity, movement, or animation the face in repose is grave and thoughtful
4 : composure of manner : POISE
vt.1 archaic : to put away or set down : DEPOSIT
2 a : to place (as confidence or trust) in someone or something b : to place for control, management, or use
reprehend
[,repri’hend] vt. 申斥；指责
n. 责备
vt. : to voice disapproval of : CENSURE
synonyms see CRITICIZE
repressed
[ri’prest] adj. 被压抑的；被抑制的
v. 抑制；镇压；约束（repress的过去分词）
Adj.1 : subjected to or marked by repression
2 : characterized by restraint
reprieve
[ri’pri:v] vt. 缓期执行；暂时解救
n. 暂缓；缓刑
vt.1 : to delay the punishment of (as a condemned prisoner)
2 : to give relief or deliverance to for a time
Noun.1 a : the act of reprieving : the state of being reprieved b : a formal temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence especially of death
2 : an order or warrant for a reprieve
3 : a temporary respite (as from pain or trouble)
reprobate
[‘reprəubeit] v. 非难；拒绝；斥责
adj. 邪恶的；堕落的
n. 恶棍，无赖
vt.1 : to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil reprobating the laxity of the age
2 : to foreordain to damnation
3 : to refuse to accept : REJECT
synonyms see CRITICIZE
Adj.1 archaic : rejected as worthless or not standing a test : CONDEMNED
2 a : foreordained to damnation b : morally corrupt : DEPRAVED
3 : expressing or involving reprobation
4 : of, relating to, or characteristic of a reprobate
Noun.: a reprobate person
reproof
[ri’pru:f] n. 责备；谴责
Noun.: criticism for a fault : REBUKE
repulsion
[ri’pʌlʃən] n. 排斥；反驳；反感；厌恶
Noun.1 : the action of repulsing : the state of being repulsed
2 : the action of repelling : the force with which bodies, particles, or like forces repel one another
3 : a feeling of aversion : REPUGNANCE
reputation
[,repju’teiʃən] n. 名声，名誉；声望
Noun.1 a : overall quality or character as seen or judged by people in general b : recognition by other people of some characteristic or ability has the reputation of being clever
2 : a place in public esteem or regard : good name trying to protect his reputation
requite
[ri’kwait] vt. 报答，回报；酬谢
vt.1 a : to make return for : REPAY b : to make retaliation for : AVENGE
2 : to make suitable return to for a benefit or service or for an injury
synonyms see RECIPROCATE
rescission
[ri’siʒən] n. 取消，废除
Noun.: an act of rescinding
resentment
[ri’zentmənt] n. 愤恨，怨恨
Noun.: a feeling of indignant displeasure or persistent ill will at something regarded as a wrong, insult, or injury
synonyms see OFFENSE
resident
['rezidənt] adj. 居住的；住院医师；定居的 n. 居民 Adj.1 a : living in a place for some length of time : RESIDING b : serving in a regular or full-time capacity *the resident engineer for a highway department*; also : being in residence 2 : PRESENT, INHERENT 3 : not migratory *resident species* Noun.1 : one who resides in a place 2 : a diplomatic agent residing at a foreign court or seat of government; especially : one exercising authority in a protected state as representative of the protecting power 3 : a physician serving a residency
residue
[‘rezidju:,-du:] n. 残渣；剩余；滤渣
Noun.: something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated or after the completion of a process : REMNANT, REMAINDER: as a : the part of a testator’s estate remaining after the satisfaction of all debts, charges, allowances, and previous devises and bequests b : the remainder after subtracting a multiple of a modulus from an integer or a power of the integer that can appear as the second of the two terms in an appropriate congruence 2 and 7 are residues of 12 modulo 5 c : a constituent structural unit (as a group or monomer) of a usually complex molecule amino acid residues from hydrolysis of protein
resigned
[ri’zaind] adj. 顺从的；已辞职的；己放弃的
v. 辞职；顺从（resign的过去分词）
Adj.1 a : given up : SURRENDERED a resigned post b : having resigned from office the resigned vice president
2 : being resigned to something : characterized by resignation : SUBMISSIVE, ACQUIESCENT
resilience
[ri’ziliəns, -jəns] n. 恢复力；弹力；顺应力
Noun.1 : the capability of a strained body to recover its size and shape after deformation caused especially by compressive stress
2 : an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change
resound
[ri’zaund, -‘saund] vi. 回响；鸣响；被传颂
vt. 回响；传颂；大声讲
Intransitive verb
1 : to become filled with sound : REVERBERATE
2 a : to sound loudly the gunshot resounded b : to produce a sonorous or echoing sound
3 : to become renowned
transitive verb
1 : to extol loudly or widely : CELEBRATE
2 : ECHO, REVERBERATE
3 : to sound or utter in full resonant tones
resourceful
[ri’sɔ:sful, -‘zɔ:-, ‘ri:s, ‘ri:z-] adj. 资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的
Adj. : able to meet situations : capable of devising ways and means a resourceful leader
resplendent
[ri’splendənt] adj. 光辉的；华丽的
Adj.: shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor meadows resplendent with wildflowers ?Outdoor World
synonyms see SPLENDID
restiveness
[‘restivnis] n. 难以驾御；倔强
Noun. : the quality or state of being restive
restless
[‘restlis] adj. 焦躁不安的；不安宁的；得不到满足的
Adj.1 : lacking or denying rest : UNEASY a restless night
2 : continuously moving : UNQUIET the restless sea
3 : characterized by or manifesting unrest especially of mind restless pacing; also : CHANGEFUL, DISCONTENTED
restorative
[ri’stɔrətiv, -‘stɔ:-] n. 恢复药，滋补剂
adj. 滋补的，有助于复元的；恢复健康的
Adj. : of or relating to restoration; especially : having power to restore restorative sleep
Noun.: something that serves to restore to consciousness, vigor, or health
restored
[ri’stɔ:d] adj. 精力充沛的；精力恢复的
v. 修复（restore的过去式）；恢复健康
restrain
[ri’strein] vt. 抑制，控制；约束；制止
vt.1 a : to prevent from doing, exhibiting, or expressing something restrained the child from jumping b : to limit, restrict, or keep under control try to restrain your anger
2 : to moderate or limit the force, effect, development, or full exercise of restrain trade
3 : to deprive of liberty; especially : to place under arrest or restraint
resurgence
[ri’sə:dʒəns] n. 复活；再现；再起
Noun.: a rising again into life, activity, or prominence : RENASCENCE
retaliation
[ri,tæli’eiʃən] n. 报复；反击；回敬
Noun.: an act of retaliating : REQUITAL; especially : return of evil for evil sanguinary retaliation on the part of a rejected office seeker?W.A.Swanberg retaliation by revenge or blood feud on a collective scale?Notes & Queries on Anthropology retaliation against aggression at places of our own choosing?Arthur Krock
retard
[ri’tɑ:d] vt. 延迟；阻止；妨碍；使减速
vi. 减慢；受到阻滞
n. 延迟；阻止
Transitive verb
1 : to slow up especially by preventing or hindering advance or accomplishment : IMPEDE
2 : to delay academic progress by failure to promote
intransitive verb : to undergo retardation
synonyms see DELAY
Noun.1 \ri-trd\ : a holding back or slowing down : RETARDATION
2 *r-t*rd\ often offensive : a retarded person; also : a person held to resemble a retarded person in behavior
retch
[retʃ, ri:tʃ] vi. 作呕，反胃；恶心
n. 反胃，呕吐
Transitive verb : VOMIT 1
intransitive verb : to make an effort to vomit; also : VOMIT
retention
[ri’tenʃən] n. 保留；扣留，滞留；记忆力；[医]闭尿
Noun.1 a : the act of retaining : the state of being retained b : abnormal retaining of a fluid or secretion in a body cavity
2 a : power of retaining : RETENTIVENESS b : an ability to retain things in mind; specifically : a preservation of the aftereffects of experience and learning that makes recall or recognition possible
3 : something retained
retiring
[ri’taiəriŋ] adj. 退休的；不善社交的；过隐居生活的
v. 退休（retire的ing形式）
Adj.: RESERVED, SHY
retort
[ri’tɔ:t] n. 反驳，顶嘴；曲颈瓶
vt. 反驳，反击
vi. 反驳，回嘴
Transitive verb
1 : to pay or hurl back : RETURN retort an insult
2 a : to make a reply to b : to say in reply
3 : to answer (as an argument) by a counter argument
intransitive verb
1 : to answer back usually sharply
2 : to return an argument or charge
3 : RETALIATE
Noun.: a quick, witty, or cutting reply; especially : one that turns back or counters the first speaker’s words
synonyms see ANSWER
Noun. : a vessel or chamber in which substances are distilled or decomposed by heat
vt.: to treat (as oil shale) by heating in a retort
retouch
[,ri:’tʌtʃ, ‘ri:tʌtʃ] n. 润饰；修整部分
vt. 润饰；修整
vi. 润饰；修整
Transitive verb
1 : to rework in order to improve : TOUCH UP
2 : to alter (as a photographic negative) to produce a more desirable appearance
3 : to color (new growth of hair) to match previously dyed, tinted, or bleached hair
intransitive verb : to make or give retouches
Noun.: the act or process or an instance of retouching; especially : the retouching of a new growth of hair
retrace
[ri’treis, ri:-, ‘ri:treis] vt. 追溯；折回；重描
vt.: to trace again or back: as a : to trace the origin or early history of by going back over previous steps retrace one’s family line b : to go over again with the eyes : reinspect closely c : to go over again in memory : RECALL d : to go back upon (as one’s steps) : go over again usually in a reverse direction decided to retrace his course e : to trace over again or renew the outline of retrace a drawing retrace letters
Noun.: the return of the electron beam to the starting point in a cathode ray tube after completion of all or a part of the scanning process : FLYBACK
retreat
[ri’tri:t] n. 撤退；休息寓所；撤退
vi. 撤退；退避；向后倾
vt. 退（棋）；使后退
Noun.1 a (1) : an act or process of withdrawing especially from what is difficult, dangerous, or disagreeable (2) : the process of receding from a position or state attained the retreat of a glacier the slow retreat of an epidemic b (1) : the usually forced withdrawal of troops from an enemy or from an advanced position (2) : a signal for retreating c (1) : a signal given by bugle at the beginning of a military flag-lowering ceremony (2) : a military flag-lowering ceremony
2 : a place of privacy or safety : REFUGE
3 : a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, study, or instruction under a director a spiritual retreat a corporate retreat
intransitive verb
1 : to make a retreat : WITHDRAW
2 : to slope backward
transitive verb : to draw or lead back : REMOVE; specifically : to move (a piece) back in chess
synonyms see RECEDE
retrench
[ri’trentʃ, ri:-] vt. 删除；减少；紧缩开支
vi. 节省；紧缩
Transitive verb
1 a : CUT DOWN, REDUCE b : to cut out : EXCISE
2 : to pare away : REMOVE
intransitive verb : to make retrenchments; specifically : ECONOMIZE
synonyms see SHORTEN
revenge
[ri’vendʒ] n. 报复；复仇
vt. 报复；替…报仇；洗雪
vi. 报仇；雪耻
vt.1 : to avenge (as oneself) usually by retaliating in kind or degree
2 : to inflict injury in return for revenge an insult
Noun.1 : a desire for revenge motivated by revenge
2 : an act or instance of retaliating in order to get even plotted her revenge
3 : an opportunity for getting satisfaction sought revenge through a rematch
revenue
[‘revənju:, -nu:] n. 税收，国家的收入；收益
Noun.1 : the total income produced by a given source a property expected to yield a large annual revenue
2 : the gross income returned by an investment
3 : the yield of sources of income (as taxes) that a political unit (as a nation or state) collects and receives into the treasury for public use
4 : a government department concerned with the collection of the national revenue
reversion
[ri’və:ʃən, -ʒən] n. 逆转；回复；归还；隔代遗传；继承权
Noun.1 a : the part of a simple estate remaining in the control of its owner after the owner has granted therefrom a lesser particular estate b : a future interest in property left in the control of a grantor or the grantor’s successor
2 : the right of succession or future possession or enjoyment
3 a : an act or the process of returning (as to a former condition) b : a return toward an ancestral type or condition : reappearance of an ancestral character
4 : an act or instance of turning the opposite way : the state of being so turned
5 : a product of reversion; specifically : an organism with an atavistic character : THROWBACK
revive
[ri’vaiv] vi. 复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神
vt. 使复兴；使苏醒；回想起；重演，重播
Intransitive verb : to return to consciousness or life : become active or flourishing again
transitive verb
1 : to restore to consciousness or life
2 : to restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state : bring back
3 : to renew in the mind or memory
revolt
[ri’vəult, -‘vɔ:lt] vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶
vt. 使反感；使恶心
n. 反抗；叛乱；反感
Intransitive verb
1 : to renounce allegiance or subjection (as to a government) : REBEL
2 a : to experience disgust or shock b : to turn away with disgust
transitive verb : to cause to turn away or shrink with disgust or abhorrence
Noun.1 : a renouncing of allegiance (as to a government or party); especially : a determined armed uprising
2 : a movement or expression of vigorous dissent
synonyms see REBELLION
revulsion
[ri’vʌlʃən] n. 剧变；厌恶；强烈反感；抽回
Noun.1 : a strong pulling or drawing away : WITHDRAWAL
2 a : a sudden or strong reaction or change b : a sense of utter distaste or repugnance
rewarding
[ri’wɔ:diŋ] adj. 有益的，值得的；有报酬的，报答的
Adj.1 : yielding or likely to yield a reward : VALUABLE, SATISFYING a rewarding experience
2 : serving as a reward a rewarding smile of thanks
rhubarb
[‘ru:bɑ:b] n. 大黄的叶柄，大黄
Noun.1 : any of a genus (Rheum) of Asian plants of the buckwheat family having large leaves with thick succulent petioles often used as food; also : the petioles of rhubarb
2 : the dried rhizome and roots of any of several rhubarbs (as Rheum officinale and R. palmatum) grown in China and Tibet and used as a purgative and stomachic
3 : a heated dispute or controversy
ribald
[‘ribəld, ‘ribɔ:ld, ‘raibɔ:ld] adj. 下流的；言谈粗俗的
n. 言谈粗俗的人；说下流话的人
Noun. : a ribald person
Adj.1 : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE ribald language
2 : characterized by or using coarse indecent humor
synonyms see COARSE
rife
[raif] adj. 普遍的；流行的；盛传的
Adj.1 : prevalent especially to an increasing degree suspicion and cruelty were rife ?W. E. B. DuBois
2 : ABUNDANT, COMMON
3 : copiously supplied : ABOUNDING ? usually used with with rife with rumors
rifle
[‘raifl] n. 步枪；来复枪
vt. 用步枪射击；抢夺；偷走
Transitive verb
1 : to ransack especially with the intent to steal
2 : to steal and carry away
intransitive verb : to engage in ransacking and stealing
vt.: to cut spiral grooves into the bore of rifled arms rifled pipe
Noun.1 a : a shoulder weapon with a rifled bore b : a rifled artillery piece
2 plural : soldiers armed with rifles
vt. : to propel (as a ball) with great force or speed
rig
[riɡ] n. 装备；钻探设备；服装；帆装
vt. 操纵；装配；装扮；装上索具
vt.1 : to fit out (as a ship) with rigging
2 : CLOTHE, DRESS ? usually used with out
3 : to furnish with special gear : EQUIP
4 a : to put in condition or position for use : ADJUST, ARRANGE a car rigged for manual control b : CONSTRUCT rig up a temporary shelter
Noun.1 : the distinctive shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts of a ship
2 : EQUIPAGE; especially : a carriage with its horse
3 : CLOTHING, DRESS
4 : tackle, equipment, or machinery fitted for a specified purpose an oil-drilling rig
5 : a tractor-trailer combination
vt.1 : to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or dishonest means rig an election
2 : to fix in advance for a desired result rig the contest
