L24 Flashcards
assent
[ə’sent] vi. 同意；赞成
n. 同意；赞成
vi.: to agree to something especially after thoughtful consideration : CONCUR
Noun.: an act of assenting : ACQUIESCENCE, AGREEMENT
assert
[ə’sə:t] vt. 维护，坚持；断言；主张；声称
vt.1 : to state or declare positively and often forcefully or aggressively
2 a : to demonstrate the existence of assert his manhood ?James Joyce b : POSIT, POSTULATE
assess
[ə’ses] vt. 评定；估价；对…征税
vt.1 : to determine the rate or amount of (as a tax)
2 a : to impose (as a tax) according to an established rate b : to subject to a tax, charge, or levy
3 : to make an official valuation of (property) for the purposes of taxation
4 : to determine the importance, size, or value of assess a problem
5 : to charge (a player or team) with a foul or penalty
synonyms see ESTIMATE
associate
[ə’səuʃieit, ə’səuʃiət, -eit] vi. 交往；结交
n. 同事，伙伴；关联的事物
vt. 联想；使联合；使发生联系
adj. 副的；联合的
Transitive verb
1 : to join as a partner, friend, or companion
2 obsolete : to keep company with : ATTEND
3 : to join or connect together : COMBINE
4 : to bring together or into relationship in any of various intangible ways (as in memory or imagination)
intransitive verb
1 : to come or be together as partners, friends, or companions
2 : to combine or join with other parts : UNITE
synonyms see JOIN
Adj.1 : closely connected (as in function or office) with another
2 : closely related especially in the mind
3 : having secondary or subordinate status associate membership in a society
Noun.1 : one associated with another: as a : PARTNER, COLLEAGUE b : COMPANION, COMRADE
2 a : an entry-level member (as of a learned society, professional organization, or profession) b : EMPLOYEE, WORKER
3 often capitalized : a degree conferred especially by a junior college associate in arts
assoil
[ə’sɒɪl] vt. 补偿；赦免，宣布……无罪
vt.1 archaic : ABSOLVE, PARDON
2 archaic : ACQUIT, CLEAR
3 archaic : EXPIATE
assuage
[ə’sweidʒ] vt. 平息；缓和；减轻
vt.1 : to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or distresses) : EASE unable to assuage their grief
2 : PACIFY, QUIET vainly stroveTto assuage an implacable foe ?Edward Gibbon
3 : to put an end to by satisfying : APPEASE, QUENCH assuaging his thirst
synonyms see RELIEVE
asterisk
[‘æstərisk] n. 星号
vt. 注上星号；用星号标出
Noun.: the character * used in printing or writing as a reference mark, as an indication of the omission of letters or words, to denote a hypothetical or unattested linguistic form, or for various arbitrary meanings
vt. : to mark with an asterisk : STAR
asteroid
[‘æstərɔid] n. [天文]小行星；海盘车；小游星
adj. 星状的
Noun.1 : any of the small rocky celestial bodies found especially between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
2 : STARFISH
Adj.1 : resembling a star asteroid bodies in sporotrichosis
2 : of or resembling a starfish
astrology
[ə’strɔlədʒi] n. 占星术；占星学；星座
Noun.1 archaic : ASTRONOMY
2 : the divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects
atheism
[‘eɪθɪɪz(ə)m] n. 不信神，无神论
Noun.1 archaic : UNGODLINESS, WICKEDNESS
2 a : a disbelief in the existence of deity b : the doctrine that there is no deity
atonal
[ei’təunəl] adj. （音乐）无调的
Adj.: marked by avoidance of traditional musical tonality; especially : organized without reference to key or tonal center and using the tones of the chromatic scale impartially
atone
[ə’təun] vt. 赎罪；弥补；偿还
vi. 弥补；赎回
Transitive verb
1 obsolete : RECONCILE
2 : to supply satisfaction for : EXPIATE
intransitive verb : to make amends atone for sins
atrocious
[ə’trəuʃəs] adj. 凶恶的，残暴的
Adj.1 : extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel : BARBARIC
2 : APPALLING, HORRIFYING the atrocious weapons of modern war
3 a : utterly revolting : ABOMINABLE atrocious working conditions b : of very poor quality atrocious handwriting
attach
[ə’tætʃ] vt. 使依附；贴上；系上；使依恋
vi. 附加；附属；伴随
Transitive verb
1 : to take by legal authority especially under a writ attached the property
2 a : to bring (oneself) into an association attached herself to their cause b : to assign (an individual or unit in the military) temporarily
3 : to bind by personal ties (as of affection or sympathy) was strongly attached to his family
4 : to make fast (as by tying or gluing) attach a label to a package
5 : to associate especially as a property or an attribute : ASCRIBE attached great importance to public opinion polls
intransitive verb : to become attached : ADHERE
synonyms see FASTEN
attenuate
[ə’tenjueit, ə’tenjuit, -eit] adj. 减弱的；稀薄的；细小的
vt. 使减弱；使纤细
vi. 变纤细；变弱
Adj.1 : reduced especially in thickness, density, or force
2 : tapering gradually usually to a long slender point attenuate leaves
transitive verb
1 : to make thin or slender
2 : to make thin in consistency : RAREFY
3 : to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of : WEAKEN
4 : to reduce the severity, virulence, or vitality of an attenuated virus
intransitive verb : to become thin, fine, or less
attire
[ə’taiə] n. 服装；盛装
vt. 打扮；使穿衣
vt.: to put garments on : DRESS, ARRAY; especially : to clothe in fancy or rich garments
Noun.1 : DRESS, CLOTHES; especially : splendid or decorative clothing
2 : the antlers or antlers and scalp of a stag or buck
augmentation
noun.1 a : the act or process of augmenting b : the state of being augmented
[,ɔ:ɡmen’teiʃən] n. 增加，增大；增加物
2 : something that augments : ADDITION
augury
[‘ɔ:ɡjuri] n. 占卜；预言；预兆
Noun.1 : divination from auspices or omens; also : an instance of this
2 : OMEN, PORTENT
august
[‘ɔ?ɡəst] adj. 威严的；令人敬畏的
n. 八月（简写为Aug）
Adj. : marked by majestic dignity or grandeur her august lineage
austerity
[ɔ’sterəti] n. 紧缩；朴素；苦行；严厉
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being austere
2 a : an austere act, manner, or attitude b : an ascetic practice
3 : enforced or extreme economy
authorization
[,ɔ:θərai’zeiʃən, -ri’z-] n. 授权，认可；批准，委任
Noun.1 : the act of authorizing
2 : an instrument that authorizes : SANCTION
autocracy
[ɔ:’tɔkrəsi] n. 独裁政治；专制政治；独裁政府；独裁统治的国家
Noun.1 : the authority or rule of an autocrat
2 : government in which one person possesses unlimited power
3 : a community or state governed by autocracy
autocrat
[‘ɔ:təukræt] n. 独裁者，专制君主；独断独行的人
Noun.1 : a person (as a monarch) ruling with unlimited authority
2 : one who has undisputed influence or power
automation
[,ɔ:tə’meiʃən] n. 自动化；自动操作
Noun.1 : the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically
2 : the state of being operated automatically
3 : automatically controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human labor
auxiliary
[ɔ:ɡ’ziljəri] n. 助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构
adj. 辅助的；副的；附加的
Adj.1 a : offering or providing help b : functioning in a subsidiary capacity an auxiliary branch of the state university
2 of a verb : accompanying another verb and typically expressing person, number, mood, or tense
3 a : SUPPLEMENTARY b : constituting a reserve an auxiliary power plant
4 : equipped with sails and a supplementary inboard engine an auxiliary sloop
Noun.1 a : an auxiliary person, group, or device; specifically : a member of a foreign force serving a nation at war b : a Roman Catholic titular bishop assisting a diocesan bishop and not having the right of succession ? called also auxiliary bishop
2 : an auxiliary boat or ship
3 : an auxiliary verb
aver
[ə’və:] vt. 断言，极力声明；主张
vt.1 a : to verify or prove to be true in pleading a cause b : to allege or assert in pleading
2 : to declare positively
aversion
[ə’və:ʃən] n. 厌恶；讨厌的人
Noun.1 obsolete : the act of turning away
2 a : a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it regards drunkenness with aversion b : a settled dislike : ANTIPATHY expressed an aversion to parties c : a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus
3 : an object of aversion inconstancy is my aversion ?Jane Austen
avert
[ə’və:t] vt. 避免，防止；转移
vt.1 : to turn away or aside (as the eyes) in avoidance
2 : to see coming and ward off : AVOID avert disaster
avocation
[,ævəu’keiʃən] n. 副业；业余爱好；嗜好
Noun.1 archaic : DIVERSION, DISTRACTION
2 : customary employment : VOCATION
3 : a subordinate occupation pursued in addition to one’s vocation especially for enjoyment : HOBBY
avow
[ə’vau] vt. 承认；公开宣称；坦率承认
vt.1 : to declare assuredly she avowed her innocence
2 : to declare openly, bluntly, and without shame ever ready to avow his reactionary outlook
synonyms see ACKNOWLEDGE, ASSERT
awry
[ə’ra?] adj. 错误的；扭曲的
adv. 歪曲地；歪斜地；错误地
Adv or adj.1 : in a turned or twisted position or direction : ASKEW
2 : off the correct or expected course : AMISS
azure
['æʒə] adj. 蔚蓝的 n. 天蓝色；碧空 Noun.1 archaic : LAPIS LAZULI 2 a : the blue color of the clear sky b : the heraldic color blue 3 : the unclouded sky
backdrop
[‘bæk,drɔp] n. 背景；背景幕；交流声
Noun.1 : a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage
2 : BACKGROUND
backset
[‘bækset] n. 涡流；逆流；倒退；挫折
Noun.: SETBACK
backslide
[‘bækslaɪd] n. 倒退
v. 堕落（过去式backslid，过去分词backslid，现在分词backsliding，第三人称单数backslides，名词backslider）；退步；背离宗教
vi.1 : to lapse morally or in the practice of religion
2 : to revert to a worse condition : RETROGRESS
badge
[‘bædʒ] n. 徽章；证章；标记
vt. 授给…徽章
Noun.1 : a device or token especially of membership in a society or group
2 : a characteristic mark
3 : an emblem awarded for a particular accomplishment
badger
[‘bædʒə] n. 獾；獾皮毛
Noun.1 a : any of various burrowing mammals (especially Taxidea taxus and Meles meles) of the weasel family that are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere b : the pelt or fur of a badger
2 capitalized : a native or resident of Wisconsin ? used as a nickname
vt. : to harass or annoy persistently
synonyms see BAIT
badinage
[bædinɑ:ʒ] n. 开玩笑；嘲弄，揶揄
vt. 打趣
Noun.: playful repartee : BANTER
bait
[beit] vt. 引诱；在…中放诱饵；折磨
n. 饵；诱饵
vi. 中途休息
Transitive verb
1 a : to persecute or exasperate with unjust, malicious, or persistent attacks b : TEASE
2 a : to harass (as a chained animal) with dogs usually for sport b : to attack by biting and tearing
3 a : to furnish with bait b : ENTICE, LURE
4 : to give food and drink to (an animal) especially on the road
intransitive verb , archaic : to stop for food and rest when traveling
Noun.1 a : something (as food) used in luring especially to a hook or trap b : a poisonous material placed where it will be eaten by harmful or objectionable animals
2 : LURE, TEMPTATION
balderdash
[‘bɔːldədæʃ] n. 胡言乱语；梦呓
Noun.: NONSENSE
bale
[beil] vt. 将某物打成包或包装成捆 n. 大包，大捆；货物 Noun.1 : great evil 2 : WOE, SORROW Noun. : a large bundle of goods; specifically : a large closely pressed package of merchandise bound and usually wrapped *a bale of paper* *a bale of hay* vt. : to make up into a bale
ballot
['bælət] n. 投票；投票用纸；投票总数 vi. 投票；抽签决定 vt. 使投票表决；拉选票 Noun.1 a : a small ball used in secret voting b : a sheet of paper used to cast a secret vote 2 a : the action or system of secret voting b : the right to vote c : VOTE 1a 3 : the number of votes cast 4 : the drawing of lots vi. : to vote or decide by ballot
ballyhoo
[bælɪ’huː] n. 大肆宣传；大吹大擂
vt. 大肆宣传；大吹大擂
vi. 大肆宣传；大吹大擂
Noun.1 : a noisy attention-getting demonstration or talk
2 : flamboyant, exaggerated, or sensational promotion or publicity
3 : excited commotion
bamboozle
[bæm’bu:zəl] vt. 欺骗；使迷惑
vt.1 : to deceive by underhanded methods : DUPE, HOODWINK
2 : to confuse, frustrate, or throw off thoroughly or completely a quarterback bamboozled by an unexpected defense
ban
[bæn] vt. 禁止，取缔
n. 禁令，禁忌
Transitive verb
1 archaic : CURSE
2 : to prohibit especially by legal means ban discrimination; also : to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution of ban a book ban a pesticide
3 : BAR 3c banned from the U.N.
intransitive verb , archaic : to utter curses or maledictions
Noun.1 : the summoning in feudal times of the king’s vassals for military service
2 : ANATHEMA, EXCOMMUNICATION
3 : MALEDICTION, CURSE
4 : legal or formal prohibition a ban on beef exports
5 : censure or condemnation especially through social pressure
Noun.— see leu at MONEY table
bar
[bɑ:] n. 条，棒；酒吧；障碍
vt. 禁止；阻拦
prep. 除……外
Noun.1 a : a straight piece (as of wood or metal) that is longer than it is wide and has any of various uses (as for a lever, support, barrier, or fastening) b : a solid piece or block of material that is longer than it is wide a bar of gold a candy bar c : a usually rigid piece (as of wood or metal) longer than it is wide that is used as a handle or support; especially : a handrail used by ballet dancers to maintain balance while exercising
2 : something that obstructs or prevents passage, progress, or action: as a : the destruction of an action or claim in law; also : a plea or objection that effects such destruction b : an intangible or nonphysical impediment c : a submerged or partly submerged bank (as of sand) along a shore or in a river often obstructing navigation
3 a (1) : the railing in a courtroom that encloses the place about the judge where prisoners are stationed or where the business of the court is transacted in civil cases (2) : COURT, TRIBUNAL (3) : a particular system of courts (4) : an authority or tribunal that hands down judgment b (1) : the barrier in the English Inns of Court that formerly separated the seats of the benchers or readers from the body of the hall occupied by the students (2) : the whole body of barristers or lawyers qualified to practice in the courts of any jurisdiction (3) : the profession of barrister or lawyer
4 : a straight stripe, band, or line much longer than it is wide: as a : one of two or more horizontal stripes on a heraldic shield b : a metal or embroidered strip worn on a usually military uniform especially to indicate rank (as of a company officer) or service
5 a : a counter at which food or especially alcoholic beverages are served b : BARROOM c : SHOP 2b
6 a : a vertical line across the musical staff before the initial measure accent b : MEASURE
7 : a lace and embroidery joining covered with buttonhole stitch for connecting various parts of the pattern in needlepoint lace and cutwork
8 : STANDARD wants to raise the bar for approving new drugs
vt.1 a : to fasten with a bar b : to place bars across to prevent ingress or egress bar the door
2 : to mark with bars : STRIPE
3 a : to confine or shut in by or as if by bars b : to set aside : RULE OUT did not bar the possibility of further measures c : to keep out : EXCLUDE barring him from the club
4 a : to interpose legal objection to or to the claim of b : PREVENT, FORBID a decision barring his participation
Prep.: EXCEPT the country’s most popular actor, bar none
Noun.: a unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals
Abbreviation.1 barometer; barometric
2 barrel
bare
[bεə] adj. 空的；赤裸的，无遮蔽的
vt. 露出，使赤裸
Adj.1 a : lacking a natural, usual, or appropriate covering b (1) : lacking clothing bare feet (2) obsolete : BAREHEADED c : lacking any tool or weapon opened the box with his bare hands
2 : open to view : EXPOSED laying bare their secrets
3 a : unfurnished or scantily supplied a bare room b : DESTITUTE bare of all safeguards
4 a : having nothing left over or added the bare necessities of life b : MERE a bare two hours away c : devoid of amplification or adornment the bare facts
5 obsolete : WORTHLESS
vt. : to make or lay bare : UNCOVER
barefaced
[‘bεəfeist] adj. 公然的；厚颜无耻的；不戴面具的
Adj.1 : having the face uncovered: a : having no whiskers : BEARDLESS b : wearing no mask
2 a : OPEN, UNCONCEALED barefaced impudence b : having or showing a lack of scruples a barefaced lie
bargain
[‘bɑ:ɡin] n. 交易；契约；特价商品
vi. 讨价还价；成交
vt. 讨价还价；拿…做交易
Noun.1 : an agreement between parties settling what each gives or receives in a transaction between them or what course of action or policy each pursues in respect to the other
2 : something acquired by or as if by bargaining; especially : an advantageous purchase at that price the car is a bargain
3 : a transaction, situation, or event regarded in the light of its results a bad bargain
intransitive verb
1 : to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement, or contract : HAGGLE
2 : to come to terms : AGREE
transitive verb
1 : to bring to a desired level by bargaining bargain a price down
2 : to sell or dispose of by bargaining
barn
[bɑ:n] n. 谷仓；畜棚；车库；靶（核反应截面单位）
vt. 把…贮存入仓
Noun.1 a : a usually large building for the storage of farm products or feed and usually for the housing of farm animals or farm equipment b : an unusually large and usually bare building a great barn of a hotel ?W. A. White
2 : a large building for the housing of a fleet of vehicles (as trolley cars or trucks)
barrister
[‘bæristə] n. [美口]律师；（加拿大）出庭律师（等于arrister-at-law）；（英）（有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的）专门律师
Noun. : a counsel admitted to plead at the bar and undertake the public trial of causes in an English superior court ? compare SOLICITOR
barter
[‘bɑ:tə] vi. 进行易货贸易；作物物交换；讨价还价
vt. 以…作为交换；拿…进行易货贸易
n. 易货贸易；物物交换；实物交易
Intransitive verb : to trade by exchanging one commodity for another
transitive verb : to trade or exchange by or as if by bartering
Noun.1 : the act or practice of carrying on trade by bartering
2 : the thing given in exchange in bartering
bawl
[bɔ:l] vi. 大叫；放声痛哭 vt. 大声叫出；大声宣布；叫卖 n. 叫骂声 Intransitive verb 1 : to cry out loudly and unrestrainedly : YELL, BELLOW 2 : to cry loudly : WAIL transitive verb : to cry out at the top of one's voice Noun.: a loud prolonged cry : OUTCRY
bazaar
[bə’zɑ:] n. 集市；市场；义卖市场
Noun.1 : a market (as in the Middle East) consisting of rows of shops or stalls selling miscellaneous goods
2 a : a place for the sale of goods b : DEPARTMENT STORE
3 : a fair for the sale of articles especially for charitable purposes
beacon
[‘bi:kən] n. 灯塔，信号浮标；烽火；指路明灯
vt. 照亮，指引
vi. 像灯塔般照耀
Noun.1 : a signal fire commonly on a hill, tower, or pole
2 a : a lighthouse or other signal for guidance b : a radio transmitter emitting signals for guidance of aircraft
3 : a source of light or inspiration
intransitive verb : to shine as a beacon
transitive verb : to furnish with a beacon
beam
[bi:m] n. 横梁；光线；电波；船宽；秤杆 vt. 发送；以梁支撑；用…照射；流露 vi. 照射；堆满笑容 Noun.1 a : a long piece of heavy often squared timber suitable for use in construction b : a wood or metal cylinder in a loom on which the warp is wound c : the part of a plow to which handles, standard, and coulter are attached d : the bar of a balance from which scales hang e : one of the principal horizontal supporting members (as of a building or ship) *a steel beam supporting a floor*; also : BOOM, SPAR *the beam of a crane* f : the extreme width of a ship at the widest part g : an oscillating lever on a central axis receiving motion at one end from an engine connecting rod and transmitting it at the other 2 a : a ray or shaft of light b : a collection of nearly parallel rays (as X rays) or a stream of particles (as electrons) c : a constant directional radio signal transmitted for the guidance of pilots; also : the course indicated by a radio beam 3 : the main stem of a deer's antler 4 : the width of the buttocks transitive verb 1 : to emit in beams or as a beam 2 : to support with beams 3 a : to transmit especially by satellite : BROADCAST b : to transmit (data) electronically c : to direct to a particular audience intransitive verb 1 : to send out beams of light 2 : to smile with joy
bearing
[‘bεəriŋ] n. 轴承；关系；方位；举止
v. 忍受（bear的ing形式）
Noun.1 : the manner in which one bears or comports oneself
2 a : the act, power, or time of bringing forth offspring or fruit b : a product of bearing : CROP
3 a : an object, surface, or point that supports b : a machine part in which another part (as a journal or pin) turns or slides
4 : a figure borne on a heraldic field
5 : PRESSURE, THRUST
6 a : the situation or horizontal direction of one point with respect to another or to the compass b : a determination of position c plural : comprehension of one’s position, environment, or situation d : RELATION, CONNECTION; also : PURPORT
7 : the part of a structural member that rests on its supports
beatific
[,bi:ə’tifik,-kəl] adj. 幸福的；祝福的；快乐的
Adj.1 : of, possessing, or imparting beatitude
2 : having a blissful appearance a beatific smile
beckon
[‘bekən] vt. 召唤；吸引
vi. 吸引；（招手或点头）示意
n. 表召唤的点头；手势
Intransitive verb
1 : to summon or signal typically with a wave or nod
2 : to appear inviting : ATTRACT the frontier beckons
transitive verb : to beckon to
bedraggled
[bɪ’dræɡld] adj. 全身泥污的；满身湿透的；荒废的，破烂的
v. 把…在泥水中拖脏；把…拖湿（bedraggle的过去分词）
Adj.1 : left wet and limp by or as if by rain
2 : soiled and stained by or as if by trailing in mud
3 : DILAPIDATED bedraggled buildings
befoul
[bɪ’faʊl] vt. 弄脏；诽谤
vt.1 : to make foul (as with dirt or waste)
2 : SULLY, SOIL, BESMIRCH scandal befouled his reputation
befuddle
[bi’fʌdl] vt. 使迷惑；使昏沉
vt.1 : to muddle or stupefy with or as if with drink
2 : CONFUSE, PERPLEX
beget
[bi’ɡet] vt. 产生；招致；引起；当…的父亲
vt.1 : to procreate as the father : SIRE
2 : to produce especially as an effect or outgrowth
begrudge
[bi’ɡrʌdʒ] vt. 羡慕，嫉妒；吝惜，舍不得给
vt.1 : to give or concede reluctantly or with displeasure begrudge money begrudged the weeks spent away from home
2 : to look upon with disapproval begrudge their rivals’ success
