L26 Flashcards
commit
[kə’mit] vt. 犯罪，做错事；把…交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务
Transitive verb
1 a : to put into charge or trust : ENTRUST b : to place in a prison or mental institution c : to consign or record for preservation commit it to memory d : to put into a place for disposal or safekeeping e : to refer (as a legislative bill) to a committee for consideration and report
2 : to carry into action deliberately : PERPETRATE commit a crime
3 a : OBLIGATE, BIND a contract committing the company to complete the project on time b : to pledge or assign to some particular course or use commit all troops to the attack c : to reveal the views of refused to commit himself on the issue
intransitive verb
1 obsolete : to perpetrate an offense
2 : to obligate or pledge oneself
commonplace
[‘kɔmənpleis] n. 老生常谈；司空见惯的事；普通的东西
adj. 平凡的；陈腐的
Noun.1 archaic : a striking passage entered in a commonplace book
2 a : an obvious or trite comment : TRUISM b : something commonly found
Adj. : commonly found or seen : ORDINARY, UNREMARKABLE a commonplace occurrence the large mergers that had become commonplace
commonsense
[‘kɔmən’sens] adj. 常识的；具有常识的
Noun.: sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts
synonyms see SENSE
compact
[kəm’pækt, ‘kɔmpækt] n. 合同，契约；小粉盒
adj. 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的
vt. 使简洁；使紧密结合
Adj.1 : predominantly formed or filled : COMPOSED, MADE
2 a : having a dense structure or parts or units closely packed or joined a compact woolen compact bone b : not diffuse or verbose a compact statement c : occupying a small volume by reason of efficient use of space a compact camera a compact formation of troops d : short-bodied, solid, and without excess flesh
3 : being a topological space and especially a metric space with the property that for any collection of open sets which contains it there is a subset of the collection with a finite number of elements which also contains it
transitive verb
1 : to make up by connecting or combining : COMPOSE
2 a : to knit or draw together : COMBINE b : to press together : COMPRESS
intransitive verb : to become compacted
Noun.: something that is compact or compacted: a : a small cosmetic case (as for compressed powder) b : an automobile smaller than an intermediate but larger than a subcompact
Noun.: an agreement or covenant between two or more parties
compatible
[kəm’pætəbl] adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的
Adj.1 : capable of existing together in harmony compatible theories compatible people
2 : capable of cross-fertilizing freely or uniting vegetatively
3 : capable of forming a homogeneous mixture that neither separates nor is altered by chemical interaction
4 : capable of being used in transfusion or grafting without immunological reaction (as agglutination or tissue rejection)
5 : designed to work with another device or system without modification; especially : being a computer designed to operate in the same manner and use the same software as another computer
compensate
[‘kɔmpenseit] vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消
vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬
Transitive verb
1 : to be equivalent to : COUNTERBALANCE
2 : to make an appropriate and usually counterbalancing payment to compensate the victims for their loss
3 a : to provide with means of counteracting variation b : to neutralize the effect of (variations)
intransitive verb
1 : to supply an equivalent ? used with for
2 : to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect his enthusiasm compensates for his lack of skill
3 : to undergo or engage in psychological or physiological compensation
synonyms see PAY
compile
[kəm’pail] vt. 编译；编制；编辑；汇编
vt.1 : to compose out of materials from other documents
2 : to collect and edit into a volume
3 : to build up gradually compiled a record of four wins and two losses
4 : to run (as a program) through a compiler
complaisance
[kəm’pleizəns] n. 殷勤；彬彬有礼；柔顺
Noun.: disposition to please or comply : AFFABILITY
complaisant
[kəm’pleizənt] adj. 彬彬有礼的；顺从的；殷勤的
Adj.1 : marked by an inclination to please or oblige
2 : tending to consent to others’ wishes
synonyms see AMIABLE
complicity
[kəm’plisəti] n. 共谋；串通；共犯关系
Noun.1 : association or participation in or as if in a wrongful act
2 : an instance of complicity
compress
[kəm’pres, ‘kɔmpres] vi. 受压缩小
vt. 压缩，压紧；精简
Transitive verb
1 : to press or squeeze together
2 : to reduce in size, quantity, or volume as if by squeezing compress a computer file
intransitive verb : to undergo compression
synonyms see CONTRACT
Noun.1 : a folded cloth or pad applied so as to press upon a body part
2 : a machine for compressing
compulsion
[kɔm’pʌlʃən] n. 强制；强迫；强制力
Noun.1 a : an act of compelling : the state of being compelled b : a force that compels
2 : an irresistible persistent impulse to perform an act (as excessive hand washing); also : the act itself
compulsory
[kəm’pʌlsəri] adj. 义务的；必修的；被强制的
n. （花样滑冰、竞技体操等的）规定动作
Adj.1 : MANDATORY, ENFORCED compulsory retirement
2 : COERCIVE, COMPELLING compulsory measures
compunction
[kəm’pʌŋkʃən] n. 悔恨，后悔；内疚
Noun.1 a : anxiety arising from awareness of guilt compunctions of conscience b : distress of mind over an anticipated action or result showed no compunction in planning devilish engines ofTdestruction ?Havelock Ellis
2 : a twinge of misgiving : SCRUPLE cheated without compunction
synonyms see PENITENCE, QUALM
con
[kɔn] n. 反对票；反对论
vt. 精读；默记
adv. 反面地
adj. 欺诈的
prep. 以…
vt.1 : to commit to memory
2 : to study or examine closely
Adv.: on the negative side : in opposition so much has been written pro and con
Noun.1 : an argument or evidence in opposition
2 : the negative position or one holding it an appraisal of the pros and cons
Adj.: CONFIDENCE a con artist a con game
vt.1 : SWINDLE accused of conning retirees out of their savings
2 : MANIPULATE 2b
3 : PERSUADE, CAJOLE
Noun. : something (as a ruse) used deceptively to gain another’s confidence; also : a confidence game : SWINDLE
Noun.: CONVICT
Noun.slang : a destructive disease of the lungs; especially : TUBERCULOSIS
Abbreviation.1 [Latin conjunx] consort
2 consolidated
3 consul
4 continued
vt.: to conduct or direct the steering of (as a ship)
Noun.: the control exercised by one who conns a ship
concatenate
[kɔn’kætineit] vt. 连结；使连锁
adj. 连结的；连锁的
Adj. : linked together
vt.: to link together in a series or chain
concave
[kɔn’keiv, ‘kɔnkeiv] adj. 凹的，凹面的
n. 凹面
vt. 使成凹形
Adj.1 : hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl
2 : arched in : curving in ? used of the side of a curve or surface on which neighboring normals to the curve or surface converge and on which lies the chord joining two neighboring points of the curve or surface
Noun. : a concave line or surface
conceit
[kən'si:t] n. 自负；狂妄；幻想 vt. 幻想 Noun.1 a (1) : a result of mental activity : THOUGHT (2) : individual opinion b : favorable opinion; especially : excessive appreciation of one's own worth or virtue 2 : a fancy item or trifle 3 a : a fanciful idea b : an elaborate or strained metaphor c : use or presence of such conceits in poetry d : an organizing theme or concept *found his conceit for the film early ?Peter Wilkinson* vt.1 obsolete : CONCEIVE, UNDERSTAND 2 chiefly dialect : IMAGINE 3 dialect British : to take a fancy to
concession
[kən’seʃən] n. 让步；特许（权）；承认；退位
Noun.1 a : the act or an instance of conceding b : the admitting of a point claimed in argument
2 : something conceded: a : ACKNOWLEDGMENT, ADMISSION b : GRANT c (1) : a grant of land or property especially by a government in return for services or for a particular use (2) : a right to undertake and profit by a specified activity (3) : a lease of a portion of premises for a particular purpose; also : the portion leased or the activities carried on
conciliate
[kən’silieit] vt. 安抚，安慰；调和；驯服；怀柔；赢得
Transitive verb
1 : to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts
2 : to make compatible : RECONCILE
3 : APPEASE
intransitive verb : to become friendly or agreeable
synonyms see PACIFY
concinnity
[kən’sɪnɪtɪ] n. 优美；雅致；和谐
Noun.: harmony or elegance of design especially of literary style in adaptation of parts to a whole or to each other
concise
[kən’sais] adj. 简明的，简洁的
Adj.: marked by brevity of expression or statement : free from all elaboration and superfluous detail a concise summary *a concise definition
concord
[‘kɔŋkɔ:d, kən’kɔ:d] n. 和谐；和睦；一致；协调
Noun.1 a : a state of agreement : HARMONY b : a simultaneous occurrence of two or more musical tones that produces an impression of agreeableness or resolution on a listener ? compare DISCORD
2 : agreement by stipulation, compact, or covenant
3 : grammatical agreement
condemn
[kən’dem] vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨
vt.1 : to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation a policy widely condemned as racist
2 a : to pronounce guilty : CONVICT b : SENTENCE, DOOM condemn a prisoner to die
3 : to adjudge unfit for use or consumption condemn an old apartment building
4 : to declare convertible to public use under the right of eminent domain
synonyms see CRITICIZE
condescend
[,kɔndi’send] vi. 屈尊；谦逊
vi.1 a : to descend to a less formal or dignified level : UNBEND b : to waive the privileges of rank
2 : to assume an air of superiority
condign
[kən’dain] adj. 相当的；应得的（尤指惩罚）；适宜的
Adj. : DESERVED, APPROPRIATE condign punishment
condole
[kən'dəul] vi. 慰问；吊唁；哀悼 Intransitive verb 1 obsolete : GRIEVE 2 : to express sympathetic sorrow transitive verb , archaic : LAMENT, GRIEVE
conducive
[kən’dju:siv] adj. 有益的；有助于…的
Adj. : tending to promote or assist an atmosphere conducive to education
confederacy
noun.1 : a league or compact for mutual support or common action : ALLIANCE
2 : a combination of persons for unlawful purposes : CONSPIRACY
3 : the body formed by persons, states, or nations united by a league; specifically capitalized : the 11 southern states seceding from the United States in 1860 and 1861
confer
[kən’fə:] vt. 授予；给予
vi. 协商
Intransitive verb : to compare views or take counsel : CONSULT
transitive verb
1 : to bestow from or as if from a position of superiority conferred an honorary degree on her knowing how to read was a gift conferred with manhood ?Murray Kempton
2 : to give (as a property or characteristic) to someone or something a reputation for power will confer power ?John Spanier
synonyms see GIVE
confess
[kən’fes] vt. 承认；坦白；忏悔；供认
vi. 承认；坦白；忏悔；供认
Transitive verb
1 : to tell or make known (as something wrong or damaging to oneself) : ADMIT he confessed his guilt
2 a : to acknowledge (sin) to God or to a priest b : to receive the confession of (a penitent)
3 : to declare faith in or adherence to : PROFESS
4 : to give evidence of
intransitive verb
1 a : to disclose one’s faults; specifically : to unburden one’s sins or the state of one’s conscience to God or to a priest b : to hear a confession
2 : ADMIT, OWN confess to a crime
synonyms see ACKNOWLEDGE
confidant
[,kɔnfi’dænt] n. 知己；密友
Noun.: one to whom secrets are entrusted; especially : INTIMATE
cofidential
adj.机密的(kept secret)
confiscate
[‘kɔnfis,keit] vt. 没收；充公；查抄
adj. 被没收的
Adj.1 : appropriated by the government : FORFEITED
2 : deprived of property by confiscation
vt.1 : to seize as forfeited to the public treasury
2 : to seize by or as if by authority
congeal
[kən’dʒi:l] vi. 凝结；凝固
vt. 使…凝结；使…冻结
Transitive verb
1 : to change from a fluid to a solid state by or as if by cold
2 : to make viscid or curdled : COAGULATE
3 : to make rigid, fixed, or immobile
intransitive verb : to become congealed : SOLIDIFY
congregate
[‘kɔŋɡri,ɡeit] vt. 聚集
vi. 聚集
adj. 集合在一起的
Transitive verb : to collect into a group or crowd : ASSEMBLE
intransitive verb : to come together into a group, crowd, or assembly
synonyms see GATHER
Adj.: providing or being group services or facilities designed especially for elderly persons requiring supportive services congregate housing
conjoin
[kən’dʒɔin] vi. 结合；连结
vt. 使结合；使联合
Transitive verb : to join together (as separate entities) for a common purpose
intransitive verb : to join together for a common purpose
conscience
[‘kɔnʃəns] n. 道德心，良心
Noun.1 a : the sense or consciousness of the moral goodness or blameworthiness of one’s own conduct, intentions, or character together with a feeling of obligation to do right or be good b : a faculty, power, or principle enjoining good acts c : the part of the superego in psychoanalysis that transmits commands and admonitions to the ego
2 archaic : CONSCIOUSNESS
3 : conformity to the dictates of conscience : CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
4 : sensitive regard for fairness or justice : SCRUPLE
conscript
[kən’skript] n. 应征士兵
vt. 征召
adj. 被征召的
Noun.: a conscripted person (as a military recruit)
Adj.1 : enrolled into service by compulsion : DRAFTED
2 : made up of conscripted persons
vt.: to enroll into service by compulsion : DRAFT was conscripted into the army
consecrate
[‘kɒnsɪkreɪt] adj. 神圣的；被献给神的
vt. 奉献；使神圣；供神用；献身于
Adj.: dedicated to a sacred purpose
vt.1 : to induct (a person) into a permanent office with a religious rite; especially : to ordain to the office of bishop
2 a : to make or declare sacred; especially : to devote irrevocably to the worship of God by a solemn ceremony b : to effect the liturgical transubstantiation of (eucharistic bread and wine) c : to devote to a purpose with or as if with deep solemnity or dedication
3 : to make inviolable or venerable principles consecrated by the weight of history
synonyms see DEVOTE
consensus
[kən’sensəs] n. 一致；舆论；合意
Noun.1 a : general agreement : UNANIMITY the consensus of their opinion, based on reportsTfrom the border ?John Hersey b : the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned the consensus was to go ahead
2 : group solidarity in sentiment and belief
usage The phrase consensus of opinion, which is not actually redundant (see sense 1a; the sense that takes the phrase is slightly older), has been so often claimed to be a redundancy that many writers avoid it. You are safe in using consensus alone when it is clear you mean consensus of opinion, and most writers in fact do so.
consent
[kən’sent] vi. 同意；赞成；答应
n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成
vi.1 : to give assent or approval : AGREE consent to being tested
2 archaic : to be in concord in opinion or sentiment
synonyms see ASSENT
Noun.1 : compliance in or approval of what is done or proposed by another : ACQUIESCENCE he shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties ?U.S. Constitution
2 : agreement as to action or opinion; specifically : voluntary agreement by a people to organize a civil society and give authority to the government
consequential
[,kɔnsi’kwenʃəl] adj. 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的；自傲的
Adj.1 : of the nature of a secondary result : INDIRECT
2 : CONSEQUENT
3 : having significant consequences : IMPORTANT a grave and consequential event
4 : SELF-IMPORTANT
console
[kən’səul] n. 控制台；操纵台
vt. 安慰；慰藉
Noun.1 : an architectural member projecting from a wall to form a bracket or from a keystone for ornament
2 : CONSOLE TABLE
3 a : an upright case that houses the keyboards and controlling mechanisms of an organ and from which the organ is played b : a combination of readouts or displays and an input device (as a keyboard or switches) by which an operator can monitor and interact with a system (as a computer or dubber)
4 a : a cabinet (as for a radio or television set) designed to rest directly on the floor b : a small storage cabinet between bucket seats in an automobile
vt.: to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of : COMFORT console a widow
consolidate
[kən’sɔlideit] vt. 巩固，使固定；联合
vi. 巩固，加强
Transitive verb
1 : to join together into one whole : UNITE consolidate several small school districts
2 : to make firm or secure : STRENGTHEN consolidate their hold on first place
3 : to form into a compact mass
intransitive verb : to become consolidated; specifically : MERGE the two companies consolidated
consonance
[‘kɔnsənəns] n. 一致，调和；和音
Noun.1 : harmony or agreement among components
2 a : correspondence or recurrence of sounds especially in words; specifically : recurrence or repetition of consonants especially at the end of stressed syllables without the similar correspondence of vowels (as in the final sounds of stroke and luck) b : CONCORD 1b c : SYMPATHETIC VIBRATION, RESONANCE
consonant
[‘kɒns(ə)nənt] n. 辅音；辅音字母
adj. 辅音的；一致的；和谐的
Adj.1 : being in agreement or harmony : free from elements making for discord
2 : marked by musical consonances
3 : having similar sounds consonant words
4 : relating to or exhibiting consonance : RESONANT
Noun.: one of a class of speech sounds (as \p\, \g\, \n\, \l\, \s\, \r) characterized by constriction or closure at one or more points in the breath channel; also : a letter representing a consonant ? usually used in English of any letter except a, e, i, o, and u
conspicuous
[kən’spikjuəs] adj. 显著的；显而易见的
Adj.1 : obvious to the eye or mind conspicuous changes
2 : attracting attention : STRIKING a conspicuous success
3 : marked by a noticeable violation of good taste
synonyms see NOTICEABLE
conspire
[kən’spaiɔ] vi. 共谋；协力
vt. 密谋策划
Transitive verb : PLOT, CONTRIVE
intransitive verb
1 a : to join in a secret agreement to do an unlawful or wrongful act or an act which becomes unlawful as a result of the secret agreement accused of conspiring to overthrow the government b : SCHEME
2 : to act in harmony toward a common end circumstances conspired to defeat his efforts
constellation
[,kɔnstə’leiʃən] n. [天]星座；星群；荟萃；[心]兴奋丛
Noun.1 : the configuration of stars especially at one’s birth
2 : any of 88 arbitrary configurations of stars or an area of the celestial sphere covering one of these configurations
3 : an assemblage, collection, or group of usually related persons, qualities, or things a constellation ofTrelatives, friends, and hangers-on ?Brendan Gill a constellation of symptoms
4 : PATTERN, ARRANGEMENT taking advantage of the shifting constellation of power throughout the known world ?H. D. Lasswell
construct
[kən’strʌkt] vt. 建造，构造；创立
n. 构想，概念
vt.1 : to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements : BUILD; also : CONTRIVE, DEVISE
2 : to draw (a geometrical figure) with suitable instruments and under specified conditions
3 : to set in logical order
Noun.1 : something constructed by the mind: as a : a theoretical entity the deductive study of abstract constructs ?D. J. Boorstin b : a working hypothesis or concept the unconscious was a construct that came from the daily effort to understand patients
2 : a product of ideology, history, or social circumstances privacy is more than a social construct or an idea; it is a condition of the body ?Sallie Tisdale
consul
[‘kɔnsəl] n. 领事；（古罗马的）两执政官之一
Noun.1 a : either of two annually elected chief magistrates of the Roman republic b : one of three chief magistrates of the French republic from 1799 to 1804
2 : an official appointed by a government to reside in a foreign country to represent the commercial interests of citizens of the appointing country
contain
[kən’tein] vt. 包含；控制；容纳；牵制（敌军）
vi. 含有；自制
Transitive verb
1 : to keep within limits: as a : RESTRAIN, CONTROL could hardly contain her enthusiasm b : CHECK, HALT contain the spread of a deadly disease c : to follow successfully a policy of containment toward efforts to contain Communism d : to prevent (as an enemy or opponent) from advancing or from making a successful attack
2 a : to have within : HOLD b : COMPRISE, INCLUDE the bill contains several new clauses
3 a : to be divisible by usually without a remainder b : ENCLOSE, BOUND
intransitive verb : to restrain oneself
contaminate
[kən’tæmi,neit] vt. 污染，弄脏
n. 受到污染的
vt.1 a : to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or association bacteria contaminated the wound b : to make inferior or impure by admixture iron contaminated with phosphorus
2 : to make unfit for use by the introduction of unwholesome or undesirable elements
contend
[kən'tend] vi. 竞争；奋斗；斗争；争论 vt. 主张；为...斗争 Intransitive verb 1 : to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties : STRUGGLE 2 : to strive in debate : ARGUE transitive verb 1 : MAINTAIN, ASSERT *contended that he was right* 2 : to struggle for : CONTEST
contented
[kən’tentid] adj. 满足的；心安的
v. 使…满足；使…安心（content的过去式和过去分词）
Adj.: feeling or showing satisfaction with one’s possessions, status, or situation a contented smile
contest
[‘kɔntest, kən’test] vt. 争辩；提出质疑
vi. 竞争；争辩
n. 竞赛；争夺；争论intransitive verb : STRIVE, VIE
transitive verb : to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; especially : DISPUTE, CHALLENGE
Noun.1 : a struggle for superiority or victory : COMPETITION
2 : a competition in which each contestant performs without direct contact with or interference from his competitors
contiguous
[kən’tiɡjuəs] adj. 连续的；邻近的；接触的
Adj.1 : being in actual contact : touching along a boundary or at a point
2 of angles : ADJACENT 2
3 : next or near in time or sequence
4 : touching or connected throughout in an unbroken sequence contiguous row houses
synonyms see ADJACENT
contort
[kən’tɔ:t] vt. 扭曲；曲解
vi. 扭曲
Transitive verb : to twist in a violent manner features contorted with fury
intransitive verb : to twist into or as if into a strained shape or expression
synonyms see DEFORM
controvert
[‘kɔntrə,və:t] vt. 驳斥；就…展开争论
vi. 争论；辩论
Transitive verb : to dispute or oppose by reasoning controvert a point in a discussion
intransitive verb : to engage in controversy
contumacious
[,kɔntju:’meiʃəs] adj. 不听命令的；反抗法院命令的；顽固的
Adj.: stubbornly disobedient : REBELLIOUS
contumacy
[‘kɒntjʊməsɪ] n. 拒不服从，抗命；藐视法庭
Noun.: stubborn resistance to authority; specifically : willful contempt of court
contumely
[‘kɒntjuːmɪlɪ; -tjuːmlɪ] n. 侮辱；无礼；傲慢
Noun. : harsh language or treatment arising from haughtiness and contempt; also : an instance of such language or treatment
conundrum
[kə’nʌndrəm] n. 难题；谜语
Noun.1 : a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun
2 a : a question or problem having only a conjectural answer b : an intricate and difficult problem
convalescent
[,kɔnvə’lesənt] adj. 康复的；恢复期的
n. 恢复中的病人；康复的人
Adj.1 : recovering from sickness or debility : partially restored to health or strength convalescent children nearly ready to leave the hospital
2 : of, for, or relating to convalescence or convalescents a patient in a convalescent ward
Noun.: one recovering from sickness
convene
[kən'vi:n] vt. 召集，集合；传唤 vi. 聚集，集合 Intransitive verb : to come together in a body transitive verb 1 : to summon before a tribunal 2 : to cause to assemble synonyms see SUMMON
convergent
[kən’və:dʒənt] adj. 收敛的；会聚性的；趋集于一点的
Adj.1 : tending to move toward one point or to approach each other : CONVERGING convergent lines
2 : exhibiting convergence in form, function, or development convergent evolution
3 a of an improper integral : having a value that is a real number b : characterized by having the nth term or the sum of the first n terms approach a finite limit a convergent sequence a convergent series
convict
[kən’vikt] vt. 证明…有罪；宣告…有罪
n. 罪犯
Adj. archaic : having been convicted
transitive verb
1 : to find or prove to be guilty
2 : to convince of error or sinfulness
intransitive verb : to find a defendant guilty
Noun.1 : a person convicted of and under sentence for a crime
2 : a person serving a usually long prison sentence
convoke
[kən’vəuk] vt. 召集；召集…开会
vt.: to call together to a meeting
synonyms see SUMMON
convoy
[‘kɔnvɔi, kən’vɔi] n. 护送；护卫；护航队
vt. 护航；护送
vt.: ACCOMPANY; especially : to escort for protection
Noun.1 : one that convoys; especially : a protective escort (as for ships)
2 : the act of convoying
3 : a group convoyed or organized for convenience or protection in moving
convulse
[kən’vʌls] vt. 震撼；使剧烈震动；使抽搐
Transitive verb : to shake or agitate violently; especially : to shake with or as if with irregular spasms was convulsed with laughter
intransitive verb : to become affected with convulsions
synonyms see SHAKE
cordial
[‘kɔ:djəl] adj. 热忱的，诚恳的；兴奋的
n. 补品；兴奋剂；甜香酒，甘露酒
Adj.1 obsolete : of or relating to the heart : VITAL
2 : tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate bottles full of excellent cordial waters ?Daniel Defoe
3 a : sincerely or deeply felt a cordial dislike for each other b : warmly and genially affable cordial relations
synonyms see GRACIOUS
Noun.1 : a stimulating medicine or drink
2 : LIQUEUR
coronation
[,kɔ:rə’neiʃən] n. 加冕礼
Noun. : the act or occasion of crowning; also : accession to the highest office
corporeal
[kɔ:’pɔ:riəl] adj. 物质的，有形的；肉体的
Adj.1 : having, consisting of, or relating to a physical material body: as a : not spiritual b : not immaterial or intangible : SUBSTANTIAL
2 archaic : CORPORAL
synonyms see MATERIAL
correspondent
[,kɔ:ri’spɔndənt] n. 通讯记者；[经]客户；通信者；代理商行
Adj.1 : CORRESPONDING
2 : FITTING, CONFORMING ? used with with or to the outcome was entirely correspondent with my wishes
Noun.1 a : one who communicates with another by letter b : one who has regular commercial relations with another c : one who contributes news or commentary to a publication (as a newspaper) or a radio or television network often from a distant place a war correspondent
2 : something that corresponds
corrode
[kə’rəud] vt. 侵蚀；损害
vi. 受腐蚀；起腐蚀作用
Transitive verb
1 : to eat away by degrees as if by gnawing; especially : to wear away gradually usually by chemical action the metal was corroded beyond repair
2 : to weaken or destroy gradually : UNDERMINE manners and miserliness that corrode the human spirit ?Bernard De Voto
intransitive verb : to undergo corrosion
corrugate
[‘kɔ:ruɡeit] vt. 使起皱；成波状
adj. 起皱的；波状的
vi. 起皱；缩成皱状
Transitive verb : to form or shape into wrinkles or folds or into alternating ridges and grooves : FURROW
intransitive verb : to become corrugated
corrugated
[‘kɔruɡeitid] adj. 波纹的；缩成皱纹的；有瓦楞的
v. （使）起皱纹（corrugate的过去式）
Adj.: having corrugations corrugated paper; also : made of corrugated material (as cardboard) corrugated boxes
corrupt
[kə’rʌpt] adj. 腐败的，贪污的；堕落的
vt. 使腐烂；使堕落，使恶化
vi. 堕落，腐化；腐烂
Transitive verb
1 a : to change from good to bad in morals, manners, or actions; also : BRIBE b : to degrade with unsound principles or moral values
2 : ROT, SPOIL
3 : to subject (a person) to corruption of blood
4 : to alter from the original or correct form or version the file was corrupted
intransitive verb
1 a : to become tainted or rotten b : to become morally debased
2 : to cause disintegration or ruin
synonyms see DEBASE
Adj.1 a : morally degenerate and perverted : DEPRAVED b : characterized by improper conduct (as bribery or the selling of favors) corrupt judges
2 : PUTRID, TAINTED
3 : adulterated or debased by change from an original or correct condition a corrupt version of the text
synonyms see VICIOUS
coruscate
[‘kɒrəskeɪt] vi. 焕发；闪烁
vi.1 : to give off or reflect light in bright beams or flashes : SPARKLE
2 : to be brilliant or showy in technique or style
cosmopolitanism
[,kɔzmə'pɔlitənizəm] n. 世界主义；世界大同主义；四海一家 Noun.1 : the quality or state of being cosmopolitan : cosmopolitan character 2 a (1) : the theory or advocacy of the formation of a world society or cosmopolis (sense 1) *advocates of internationalism who decry the sovereignty or need of state organization T are called proponents of cosmopolitanism?F.L.Burdette* (2) : a climate of opinion distinguished by the absence of narrow national loyalties or parochial prejudices and by a readiness to borrow from other lands or regions in the formation of cultural or artistic patterns *a genial cosmopolitanism was the hallmark of that enlightened age* *the literary cosmopolitanism was followed by an artistic cosmopolitanism which transcended all frontiers?Paul Wescher* b : excessive admiration and imitation of the cultural traits or achievements of others at the expense of the cultural identity or integrity of one's own land or region *a *divine provincialism* T is but ill replaced by a cosmopolitanism lacking in virtue and distinction?Agnes Repplier*
cosmos
[‘kɔzmɔs] n. 宇宙；和谐；秩序；[植]大波斯菊
Noun.1 a : UNIVERSE 1 b (1) : an orderly harmonious systematic universe ? compare CHAOS (2) : ORDER, HARMONY
2 : a complex orderly self-inclusive system
3 plural
cosset
[‘kɔsit] vt. 宠爱；溺爱；纵容
n. 宠儿；爱畜；供玩赏的小动物
Noun.: a pet lamb; broadly : PET
vt.: to treat as a pet : PAMPER
costume
[‘kɔstju:m, kɔ’stju:m] n. 服装，装束；戏装，剧装
vt. 给…穿上服装
Noun.1 : the prevailing fashion in coiffure, jewelry, and apparel of a period, country, or class
2 : an outfit worn to create the appearance characteristic of a particular period, person, place, or thing Halloween costumes
3 : a person’s ensemble of outer garments; especially : a woman’s ensemble of dress with coat or jacket
vt.1 : to provide with a costume
2 : to design costumes for costume a play
Adj.1 : characterized by the use of costumes a costume ball a costume drama
2 : suitable for or enhancing the effect of a particular costume a costume handbag
cosy(cozy)
[‘kəuzi] adj. 舒适的；惬意的
n. 保温罩
Adj.1 a : enjoying or affording warmth and ease : SNUG a cozy lakeside cabin b : marked by or providing contentment or comfort won by a cozy margin
2 a : marked by the intimacy of the family or a close group b : marked by or suggesting close association or connivance a cozy agreement
3 : marked by a discreet and cautious attitude or procedure
synonyms see COMFORTABLE
Noun.1 : a padded covering especially for a teapot to keep the contents hot
2 : a light detective story that usually features a well-educated protagonist and little explicit violence
Adv.: in a cautious manner play it cozy and wait for the other team to make a mistake ?Bobby Dodd
coterminous
[kəʊ’tɜːmɪnəs] adj. 相连的；毗连的（等于conterminous）
Adj.1 : having the same or coincident boundaries a voting district coterminous with the city
2 : coextensive in scope or duration an experience of life coterminous with the years of his father ?Elizabeth Hardwick
countrified
[‘kʌntrɪfaɪd] adj. 粗俗的；头脑简单的；乡村的；带乡村风味的；质朴的
Adj.1 : RURAL, RUSTIC
2 : UNSOPHISTICATED
3 : played or sung in the manner of country music countrified rock
coup
[ku:] n. 政变；妙计；出乎意料的行动；砰然的一击
vt. 使…颠倒；使…倾斜
vi. 推倒；倾斜；溢出
Verb.chiefly Scottish : OVERTURN, UPSET
Noun.1 : a brilliant, sudden, and usually highly successful stroke or act
2 : COUP D’ETAT
covenant
[‘kʌvənənt] n. 契约，盟约；圣约；盖印合同
vi. 订立盟约、契约
vt. 立约承诺
Noun.1 : a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement : COMPACT
2 a : a written agreement or promise usually under seal between two or more parties especially for the performance of some action b : the common-law action to recover damages for breach of such a contract
transitive verb : to promise by a covenant : PLEDGE
intransitive verb : to enter into a covenant : CONTRACT
covert
[‘kʌvət] n. 隐藏处；树丛；蔽覆羽翮基部的羽毛
adj. 隐蔽的；隐密的；偷偷摸摸的；在丈夫保护下的
Adj.1 : not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed : VEILED a covert alliance
2 : covered over : SHELTERED
synonyms see SECRET
Noun.1 a : hiding place : SHELTER b : a thicket affording cover for game c : a masking or concealing device
2 : a feather covering the bases of the quills of the wings and tail of a bird ? see WING illustration
3 : a firm durable twilled sometimes waterproofed cloth usually of mixed-color yarns
cow
[kau] n. 奶牛，母牛；母兽
vt. 威胁，恐吓
Noun.1 a : the mature female of cattle (genus Bos) b : the mature female of various usually large animals (as an elephant, whale, or moose)
2 : a domestic bovine animal regardless of sex or age
vt.: to destroy the resolve or courage of the party that Stalin had cowed ?World Press Review; also : to bring to a state or an action by intimidation ? used with into like too many Asian armies, adept at cowing a population into feeding them ?Edward Lansdale
synonyms see INTIMIDATE
coward
[‘kauəd] n. 懦夫，懦弱的人
adj. 胆小的，懦怯的
Noun. : one who shows disgraceful fear or timidity
cower
[‘kauə] vi. 退缩；抖缩；蜷缩；[英方]弯腰屈膝
vi.: to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from something that menaces, domineers, or dismays
synonyms see FAWN
coy
[kɔi] adj. 腼腆的；忸怩作态的；怕羞的
vi. [古]忸怩作态
vt. 爱抚
Adj.1 a : shrinking from contact or familiarity ‘tis but a kiss I beg, Why art thou coy? ?Shakespeare b : marked by cute, coquettish, or artful playfulness using coy tricks to attract attention
2 : showing reluctance to make a definite commitment a coy response
synonyms see SHY
transitive verb obsolete : CARESS
intransitive verb , archaic : to act coyly
cozen
[‘kʌzən] vt. 瞒；欺骗
vi. 瞒；欺骗
vt.1 : to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery
2 : to gain by cozening someone cozened his supper out of the old couple
synonyms see CHEAT
crab
[kræb] n. 螃蟹；蟹肉；脾气乖戾的人；起重机
vt. 抱怨；破坏；使偏航
vi. 捕蟹；发牢骚；抱怨
Noun.1 plural crabs also crab : any of numerous chiefly marine broadly built decapod crustaceans: a : any of an infraorder (Brachyura) with a short broad usually flattened carapace, a small abdomen that curls forward beneath the body, short antennae, and the anterior pair of limbs modified as grasping pincers b : any of various crustaceans of an infraorder (Anomura) resembling true crabs in the more or less reduced condition of the abdomen
2 capitalized : CANCER 1
3 plural : infestation with crab lice
4 : the angular difference between an aircraft’s course and the heading necessary to make that course in the presence of a crosswind
intransitive verb
1 : to fish for crabs
2 a (1) : to move sideways indirectly or diagonally (2) : to crab an airplane b : to scuttle or scurry sideways
transitive verb
1 : to cause to move sideways or in an indirect or diagonal manner; specifically : to head (an airplane) into a crosswind to counteract drift
2 : to subject to crabbing
Noun. : CRAB APPLE
Noun. : an ill-tempered person : GROUCH
Transitive verb
1 : to make sullen : SOUR old age has crabbed his nature
2 : to complain about peevishly
3 : SPOIL, RUIN
intransitive verb : CARP, GROUSE always crabs about the weather
crabbed
[‘kræbid] adj. 暴躁的；难懂的；晦涩的；潦草的
v. 抱怨；侧航（crab的过去分词）
Adj.1 : marked by a forbidding moroseness a crabbed view of human nature
2 : difficult to read or understand crabbed handwriting
synonyms see SULLEN
crack
[kræk] vt. 使破裂；打开；变声
vi. 破裂；爆裂
n. 裂缝；声变；噼啪声
adj. 最好的；高明的
Intransitive verb
1 : to make a very sharp explosive sound the whip cracks through the air
2 : to break, split, or snap apart
3 : FAIL: as a : to lose control or effectiveness under pressure ? often used with up b : to fail in tone his voice cracked
4 : to go or travel at good speed ? usually used with on the steamboat cracked on
transitive verb
1 a : to break so that fissures appear on the surface crack a mirror b : to break with a sudden sharp sound crack nuts
2 : to tell especially suddenly or strikingly crack a joke
3 : to strike with a sharp noise : RAP then cracks him over the head cracked a two-run homer in the fifth ?New York Times
4 a (1) : to open (as a bottle) for drinking (2) : to open (a book) for studying b : to puzzle out and expose, solve, or reveal the mystery of crack a code c : to break into crack a safe d : to open slightly crack the throttle e : to break through (as a barrier) so as to gain acceptance or recognition f : to show or begin showing (a smile) especially reluctantly or uncharacteristically
5 a : to impair seriously or irreparably : WRECK crack an opponent’s courage b : to destroy the tone of (a voice) c : DISORDER, CRAZE d : to interrupt sharply or abruptly the criticism cracked our complacency
6 : to cause to make a sharp noise cracks his knuckles
7 a (1) : to subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking (2) : to produce by cracking cracked gasoline b : to break up (chemical compounds) into simpler compounds by means of heat
Noun.1 a : a loud roll or peal a crack of thunder b : a sudden sharp noise the crack of rifle fire
2 : a sharp witty remark : QUIP
3 a : a narrow break : FISSURE a crack in the ice b : a narrow opening leave the door open a crack cracks between floorboards ? used figuratively in phrases like fall through the cracks to describe one that has been improperly or inadvertently ignored or left out a player who fell through the cracks in the college draft children slipping through the cracks of available youth services
4 a : a weakness or flaw caused by decay, age, or deficiency : UNSOUNDNESS b : a broken tone of the voice c : CRACKPOT
5 : MOMENT, INSTANT the crack of dawn
6 : HOUSEBREAKING, BURGLARY
7 : a sharp resounding blow gave him a crack on the head
8 : an attempt or opportunity to do something her first crack at writing a novel got first crack at the job opening
9 : a potent form of cocaine that is obtained by treating the hydrochloride of cocaine with sodium bicarbonate to create small chips used illicitly for smoking ? called also crack cocaine
Adj.: of superior excellence or ability a crack marksman
crackpot
[‘kræk,pɔt] n. 狂想家，疯子；怪人
adj. 不切实际的，想入非非的
Noun. : one given to eccentric or lunatic notions
crafty
[‘krɑ:fti] adj. 狡猾的；灵巧的
Adj.1 : SKILLFUL, CLEVER
2 a : adept in the use of subtlety and cunning b : marked by subtlety and guile a crafty scheme
synonyms see SLY
cramp
[kræmp] n. 痉挛，绞痛；铁夹钳
vt. 束缚，限制；使…抽筋；以铁箍扣紧
adj. 狭窄的；难解的；受限制的
Noun.1 : a painful involuntary spasmodic contraction of a muscle
2 : a temporary paralysis of muscles from overuse ? compare WRITER’S CRAMP
3 a : sharp abdominal pain ? usually used in plural b : persistent and often intense though dull lower abdominal pain associated with dysmenorrhea ? usually used in plural
Noun.1 a : a usually iron device bent at the ends and used to hold timbers or blocks of stone together b : CLAMP
2 a : something that confines : SHACKLE b : the state of being confined
transitive verb
1 : to affect with or as if with a cramp or cramps
2 a : CONFINE, RESTRAIN was cramped in the tiny apartment b : to restrain from free expression ? used especially in the phrase cramp one’s style
3 : to fasten or hold with a cramp
intransitive verb : to be affected with cramps
Adj.1 : hard to understand or figure out cramp law terms cramp handwriting
2 : being cramped a cramp corner
cranky
[‘kræŋki] adj. 暴躁的；古怪的；动摇的
Adj.1 a : given to fretful fussiness : readily angered when opposed : CROTCHETY our long waitTleft us a tad cranky ?Connecticut b : marked by eccentricity his bizarre and cranky mix of ideas and beliefs ?R. J. Evans
2 : full of twists and turns : TORTUOUS a cranky road
3 : working erratically : UNPREDICTABLE a cranky old tractor
4 dialect : CRAZY, IMBECILE
Adj.of a boat : 5CRANK
crass
[kræs] adj. 愚钝的；粗鲁的；非常的
Adj.1 a : GROSS 6a; especially : having or indicating such grossness of mind as precludes delicacy and discrimination b : being beneath one’s dignity crass concerns of daily life c ? used as a pejorative intensifier crass flattery crass propaganda
2 : guided by or indicative of base or materialistic values crass commercialism crass measures of success
synonyms see STUPID
craven
['kreivən] adj. 畏缩的；怯懦的 n. 懦夫 Adj.1 archaic : DEFEATED, VANQUISHED 2 : lacking the least bit of courage : contemptibly fainthearted synonyms see COWARDLY
credence
[‘kri:dəns] n. 信任；凭证；祭器台（等于credence table，credenza）
Noun.1 a : mental acceptance as true or real give credence to gossip b : CREDIBILITY 1 lends credence to the theory
2 : CREDENTIALS ? used in the phrase letters of credence
3 [Middle French, from Old Italian credenza] : a Renaissance sideboard used chiefly for valuable plate
4 : a small table where the bread and wine rest before consecration
synonyms see BELIEF
credo
[‘kri:dəu] n. 信条，教义
Noun. : CREED
creep
[kri:p] vi. 爬行；蔓延；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩
n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者
vi.1 a : to move along with the body prone and close to the ground b : to move slowly on hands and knees
2 a : to go very slowly the hours crept by b : to go timidly or cautiously so as to escape notice she crept away from the festive scene c : to enter or advance gradually so as to be almost unnoticed age creeps up on us a note of irritation crept into her voice
3 : to have the sensation of being covered with creeping things the thought made his flesh creep
4 of a plant : to spread or grow over a surface rooting at intervals or clinging with tendrils, stems, or aerial roots
5 a : to slip or gradually shift position b : to change shape permanently from prolonged stress or exposure to high temperatures
Noun.1 : a movement of or like creeping traffic moving at a creep
2 : a distressing sensation like that caused by the creeping of insects over one’s flesh; especially : a feeling of apprehension or horror ? usually used in plural with the that gives me the creeps
3 : a feed trough accessible only by young animals and used especially to supply special or supplementary feed ? called also creep feeder
4 : the slow change of dimensions of an object from prolonged exposure to high temperature or stress
5 : an unpleasant or obnoxious person
6 : a slow but persistent increase or elevation this political inertiaTmakes budget creep inevitable ?Wall Street Journal
crepuscular
[krɪ’pʌskjʊlə; kre-] adj. 黄昏的；朦胧的；拂晓的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or resembling twilight : DIM crepuscular light
2 : occurring or active during twilight crepuscular insects crepuscular activity
crescendo
[kri’ʃendəu] n. 声音渐增
adv. 渐次加强地
adj. 渐强的
vi. 音量逐渐增强
Noun.1 a : a gradual increase; specifically : a gradual increase in volume of a musical passage b : the peak of a gradual increase : CLIMAX complaints about stifling smog conditions reach a crescendo ?Down Beat
2 : a crescendo musical passage
Adj or adv.: with an increase in volume ? used as a direction in music
crib
[krib] n. 婴儿床；栅栏；食槽
vi. 剽窃
vt. 拘禁，关入栅栏；抄袭
Noun.1 : a manger for feeding animals
2 : an enclosure especially of framework: as a : a stall for a stabled animal b : a small child’s bedstead with high enclosing usually slatted sides c : any of various devices resembling a crate or framework in structure d : a building for storage : BIN
3 a : a small narrow room or dwelling : HUT, SHACK b : a room or shack used for prostitution
4 : the cards discarded in cribbage for the dealer to use in scoring
5 a : a small theft b : PLAGIARISM c : a literal translation; especially : PONY 3 d : a summary and key to understanding a literary work e : something used for cheating in an examination
6 : CRECHE 1
transitive verb
1 : CONFINE, CRAMP
2 : to provide with or put into a crib; especially : to line or support with a framework of timber
3 : PILFER, STEAL; especially : PLAGIARIZE
intransitive verb
1 a : STEAL, PLAGIARIZE b : to use a crib : CHEAT
2 : to have the vice of cribbing
crimp
[krimp] n. 卷发；皱褶；抑制；束缚
vt. 使卷曲；使有褶
vt.1 : to cause to become wavy, bent, or pinched: as a : to form (leather) into a desired shape b : to give (synthetic fibers) a curl or wave like that of natural fibers c : to pinch or press together (as the margins of a pie crust) in order to seal
2 : to be an inhibiting or restraining influence on : CRAMP sales had been crimped by credit controls ?Time
Noun.1 : something produced by or as if by crimping: as a : a section of hair artificially waved or curled b : a succession of waves (as in wool fiber) c : a bend or crease formed in something
2 : something that cramps or inhibits : RESTRAINT, CURB
Noun. : a person who entraps or forces men into shipping as sailors or into enlisting in an army or navy
vt. : to trap into military or sea service : IMPRESS
cringing
[krindʒiŋ] n. 奉承（的）
adj. 谄媚（的）
Adj.1 : that shrinks in fear or servility a cringing rascal
2 : ABJECT, SERVILE cringing caution
croak
[krəuk] vi. 呱呱地叫；发牢骚；死 vt. 用嘶哑的声音说；死亡 n. 呱呱叫声；低沉沙哑的说话声 Intransitive verb 1 a : to make a deep harsh sound b : to speak in a hoarse throaty voice 2 : GRUMBLE 1 3 slang : DIE transitive verb 1 : to utter in a hoarse raucous voice 2 slang : KILL Noun.: a hoarse harsh cry or sound
cronyism
[‘krəuniizəm] n. 任人唯亲；任用亲信
Noun.: partiality to cronies especially as evidenced in the appointment of political hangers-on to office without regard to their qualifications
crook
[kruk] n. 骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物
vt. 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗
vi. 弯曲，成钩形
Transitive verb : BEND
intransitive verb : CURVE, WIND
Noun.1 : an implement having a bent or hooked form: as a : POTHOOK b (1) : a shepherd’s staff (2) : CROSIER 1
2 : a part of something that is hook-shaped, curved, or bent the crook of an umbrella handle
3 : BEND, CURVE
4 : a person who engages in fraudulent or criminal practices
Adj.Australian & New Zealand : not right: a : UNSATISFACTORY b : DISHONEST, CROOKED c : IRRITABLE, ANGRY ? used especially in the phrase go crook d : ILL, UNWELL
Noun.1 a : a curved or bent device for catching, holding, or pulling b : something intended to attract and ensnare c : ANCHOR 1
2 : something curved or bent like a hook; especially plural : FINGERS
3 : a flight or course of a ball that deviates from straight in a direction opposite to the dominant hand of the player propelling it; also : a ball following such a course ? compare SLICE
4 : a short blow delivered with a circular motion by a boxer while the elbow remains bent and rigid
5 : HOOK SHOT
6 : BUTTONHOOK
7 : quick or summary removal ? used with get or give the pitcher got the hook after giving up three runs
8 : a device especially in music or writing that catches the attention
9 : a selling point or marketing scheme
10 : CRADLE 1b(2)
croon
[kru:n] vi. 低声歌唱；满怀柔情地唱流行歌曲
vt. 柔情地唱；对…低声唱
n. 低吟，低吟声；轻哼，轻哼声
Intransitive verb
1 chiefly Scottish : BELLOW, BOOM
2 : to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner; especially : to sing in a soft intimate manner adapted to amplifying systems
transitive verb : to sing (as a popular song or a lullaby) in a crooning manner
crouch
[krautʃ] vi. 蹲伏，蜷伏；卑躬屈膝
vt. 低头；屈膝
n. 蹲伏
Intransitive verb
1 a : to lower the body stance especially by bending the legs a sprinter crouched ready to go b : to lie close to the ground with the legs bent a pair of cats, crouching on the brink of a fight ?Aldous Huxley
2 : to bend or bow servilely : CRINGE
3 : to stand at a low height cottages crouched along the river
transitive verb : to bow especially in humility or fear : BEND
crucial
[‘kru:ʃəl] adj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的
Adj.1 archaic : CRUCIFORM
2 a : important or essential as resolving a crisis : DECISIVE a crucial step b : marked by final determination of a doubtful issue the crucial game of a series c : IMPORTANT, SIGNIFICANT what use we make of them will be the crucial question ?Stanley Kubrick
synonyms see ACUTE
crudity
[‘kru:diti] n. 粗糙；简陋；未成熟物
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being crude
2 : something that is crude
crumb
[krʌm] n. 面包屑，碎屑；少许 vt. 弄碎；捏碎 Noun.1 a : a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread) b : a porous aggregate of soil particles 2 : BIT *a crumb of good news* 3 : the soft part of bread 4 slang : a worthless person vt.1 : to break into crumbs 2 : to cover or thicken with crumbs 3 : to remove crumbs from *crumb a table*
crumble
[‘krʌmbl] vi. 崩溃；破碎，粉碎
vt. 崩溃；弄碎，粉碎
n. 面包屑
Transitive verb : to break into small pieces
intransitive verb
1 : to fall into small pieces : DISINTEGRATE
2 : to break down completely : COLLAPSE marriages crumble
Noun.1 : something crumbled : fine debris
2 : CRISP 2
crusade
[kru:’seid] n. 改革运动；十字军东侵
vi. 加入十字军；从事改革运动
Noun.1 capitalized : any of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from the Muslims
2 : a remedial enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm
Vi,.: to engage in a crusade
cub
[kʌb] n. 幼兽；不懂规矩的年轻人
vi. 生育幼兽
Noun.1 a : a young carnivorous mammal (as a bear, fox, or lion) b : a young shark
2 : a young person
3 : APPRENTICE; especially : an inexperienced newspaper reporter
cuddle
[‘kʌdl] vi. 拥抱；偎依；舒服地贴著身睡
vt. 拥抱；亲热地搂住；抚爱地拥抱
n. 搂抱，拥抱
Transitive verb : to hold close for warmth or comfort or in affection
intransitive verb : to lie close or snug : NESTLE, SNUGGLE
Noun.: a close embrace
cue
[kju:] n. 提示，暗示；线索
vt. 给…暗示
Noun. : the letter q
Noun.1 a : a signal (as a word, phrase, or bit of stage business) to a performer to begin a specific speech or action b : something serving a comparable purpose : HINT
2 : a feature indicating the nature of something perceived
3 archaic : the part one has to perform in or as if in a play
4 archaic : MOOD, HUMOR
vt.1 : to give a cue to : PROMPT
2 : to insert into a continuous performance cue in sound effects
Noun.1 a : a leather-tipped tapering rod for striking the cue ball (as in billiards and pool) b : a long-handled instrument with a concave head for shoving disks in shuffleboard
2 : QUEUE 2
transitive verb
1 : QUEUE
2 : to strike with a cue
intransitive verb
1 : QUEUE
2 : to use a cue
cull
[kʌl] vt. 精选；采集（鲜花等）；剔除
n. 剔出来杀掉的动物；拣出的等外品
vt.1 : to select from a group : CHOOSE culled the best passages from the poet’s work
2 : to reduce or control the size of (as a herd) by removal (as by hunting) of especially weaker animals; also : to hunt or kill (animals) as a means of population control
Noun.: something rejected especially as being inferior or worthless how to separate good-looking pecans from culls ?Washington Post
culmination
[,kʌlmi’neiʃən] n. 顶点；高潮
Noun.1 : the action of culminating
2 : culminating position : CLIMAX
synonyms see SUMMIT
culprit
[‘kʌlprit] n. 犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人
Noun.1 : one accused of or charged with a crime
2 : one guilty of a crime or a fault
3 : the source or cause of a problem
cult
[kʌlt] n. 祭仪（尤其指宗教上的）；礼拜；狂热信徒
adj. 狂热崇拜的
Noun.1 : formal religious veneration : WORSHIP
2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual; also : its body of adherents
3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious; also : its body of adherents
4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator health cults
5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book); especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : the object of such devotion c : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion
cultivate
[‘kʌltiveit] vt. 培养；陶冶；耕作
vt.1 : to prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops; also : to loosen or break up the soil about (growing plants)
2 a : to foster the growth of cultivate vegetables b : CULTURE 2a c : to improve by labor, care, or study : REFINE cultivate the mind
3 : FURTHER, ENCOURAGE cultivate the arts
4 : to seek the society of : make friends with
cultivated
[‘kʌltiveitid] adj. 耕种的；有教养的
v. 发展（cultivate的过去分词）；耕作；教化
Adj. : REFINED, EDUCATED cultivated speech cultivated tastes
cumber
[‘kʌmbə] vt. 阻碍，妨害；使受苦
n. 拖累，累赘；妨害
vt.1 archaic : TROUBLE, HARASS
2 a : to hinder or encumber by being in the way cumbered with heavy clothing b : to clutter up rocks cumbering the yard
Noun. : something that cumbers; especially : HINDRANCE
cunning
[‘kʌniŋ] adj. 狡猾的；巧妙的；可爱的
n. 狡猾
Adj.1 : dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources (as skill or knowledge) or in attaining an end a cunning plotter
2 : displaying keen insight a cunning observation
3 : characterized by wiliness and trickery cunning schemes
4 : prettily appealing : CUTE a cunning little kitten
synonyms see CLEVER, SLY
Noun.1 obsolete a : KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING b : magic art
2 : dexterous skill and subtlety (as in inventing, devising, or executing) high-ribbed vaultTwith perfect cunning framed ?William Wordsworth
3 : CRAFT, SLYNESS
synonyms see ART
cupidity
[kju:’piditi] n. 贪心，贪婪
Noun.1 : inordinate desire for wealth : AVARICE, GREED
2 : strong desire : LUST
curator
[kjuə’reitə] n. 馆长；监护人；管理者
Noun. : one who has the care and superintendence of something; especially : one in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit
curdle
['kə:dl] vi. 凝固 vt. 使凝结 Intransitive verb 1 : to form curds; also : to congeal as if by forming curds *a scream curdled in her throat* 2 : to go bad or wrong : SPOIL transitive verb 1 : to cause curds to form in *curdled milk* 2 : SPOIL, SOUR
curfew
[‘kə:fju:] n. 宵禁；宵禁令；晚钟；打晚钟时刻
Noun.1 : the sounding of a bell at evening the Curfew tolls the knell of parting day ?Thomas Gray
2 a : a regulation enjoining the withdrawal of usually specified persons (as juveniles or military personnel) from the streets or the closing of business establishments or places of assembly at a stated hour b : a signal to announce the beginning of a curfew c : the hour at which a curfew becomes effective d : the period during which a curfew is in effect
cutlery
[‘kʌtləri] n. 餐具；刀剑制造业
Noun.1 : the business of a cutler
2 : edged or cutting tools; specifically : implements for cutting and eating food
cyclone
[‘saikləun] n. 旋风；气旋；飓风
Noun.1 a : a storm or system of winds that rotates about a center of low atmospheric pressure, advances at a speed of 20 to 30 miles (about 30 to 50 kilometers) an hour, and often brings heavy rain b : TORNADO c : 4LOW 1b
2 : any of various centrifugal devices for separating materials (as solid particles from gases)
cynic
[‘sinik] n. 愤世嫉俗者；犬儒学派的人
adj. 犬儒学派的
Noun.1 capitalized : an adherent of an ancient Greek school of philosophers who held the view that virtue is the only good and that its essence lies in self-control and independence
2 : a faultfinding captious critic; especially : one who believes that human conduct is motivated wholly by self-interest
cynosure
[‘sinəzjuə] n. 指针；众人瞩目的焦点
Noun.1 capitalized : the northern constellation Ursa Minor; also : NORTH STAR
2 : one that serves to direct or guide
3 : a center of attraction or attention turned an eyesore into a cynosure ?Catherine Reynolds
dabble
[‘dæbl] vt. 溅湿；浸入水中
vi. 涉猎；涉足；玩水
Transitive verb : to wet by splashing or by little dips or strokes : SPATTER
intransitive verb
1 a : to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water b : to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food
2 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest dabbles in art
daft
[dɑ:ft, dæft] adj. 癫狂的；愚笨的；狂闹的
Adj.1 a : SILLY, FOOLISH b : MAD, INSANE
2 Scottish : frivolously merry
dainty
[‘deinti] adj. 美味的；讲究的；秀丽的；挑剔的
n. 美味
Noun.1 a : something delicious to the taste b : something choice or pleasing
2 obsolete : FASTIDIOUSNESS
Adj.1 a : tasting good : TASTY b : attractively prepared and served
2 : marked by delicate or diminutive beauty, form, or grace dainty teacups
3 obsolete : CHARY, RELUCTANT
4 a : marked by fastidious discrimination or finicky taste b : showing avoidance of anything rough
synonyms see CHOICE
dalliance
[‘dæliəns] n. 嬉戏；闲混；调情
Noun.: an act of dallying: as a : PLAY; especially : amorous play b : frivolous action : TRIFLING
dally
['dæli] vi. 玩弄；闲荡；轻率地对待 vt. 浪费（时间） vi.1 a : to act playfully; especially : to play amorously b : to deal lightly : TOY *accused him of dallying with a serious problem* 2 a : to waste time b : LINGER, DAWDLE synonyms see TRIFLE, DELAY
damn
[dæm] vt. 谴责；罚…下地狱
vi. 谴责
n. 一点；诅咒
adj. 可恶的
adv. 非常
Transitive verb
1 : to condemn to a punishment or fate; especially : to condemn to hell
2 a : to condemn vigorously and often irascibly for some real or fancied fault or defect damned the storm for their delay b : to condemn as a failure by public criticism
3 : to bring ruin on
4 : to swear at : CURSE ? often used to express annoyance, disgust, or surprise damn him, he should have been careful I’ll be damned
intransitive verb : CURSE, SWEAR
Noun.1 : the utterance of the word damn as a curse
2 : a minimum amount or degree (as of care or consideration) : the least bit don’t give a damn
Adj or adv.: DAMNED a damn nuisance ran damn fast
damp
[dæmp] vt. 使潮湿；使阻尼；使沮丧，抑制
vi. 减幅，阻尼；变潮湿
n. 潮湿，湿气
adj. 潮湿的
Noun.1 : a noxious gas ? compare BLACK DAMP, FIREDAMP
2 : MOISTURE: a : HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS b archaic : FOG, MIST
3 a : DISCOURAGEMENT, CHECK b archaic : DEPRESSION, DEJECTION
transitive verb
1 a : to affect with or as if with a noxious gas : CHOKE b : to diminish the activity or intensity of damping down the causes of inflation liquid damps out compass oscillations c : to check the vibration or oscillation of (as a string or voltage)
2 : DAMPEN
intransitive verb : to diminish progressively in vibration or oscillation
Adj.1 a archaic : being confused, bewildered, or shocked : STUPEFIED b : DEPRESSED, DULL
2 : slightly or moderately wet : MOIST a damp towel; also : HUMID damp weather
synonyms see WET
dangle
[‘dæŋɡl] vi. 摇晃地悬挂着
vt. 使摇晃地悬挂
Intransitive verb
1 : to hang loosely and usually so as to be able to swing freely
2 : to be a hanger-on or a dependent
3 : to occur in a sentence without having a normally expected syntactic relation to the rest of the sentence (as climbing in Climbing the mountain the cabin came into view) a dangling participle a dangling modifier
transitive verb
1 : to cause to dangle : SWING dangled her feet in the water
2 a : to keep hanging uncertainly b : to hold out as an inducement
Noun.1 : the action of dangling
2 : something that dangles
dank
[dæŋk] adj. 潮湿的；阴湿的；透水的
Adj. : unpleasantly moist or wet a dank basement
synonyms see WET
dapper
[‘dæpə] adj. 短小精悍的；衣冠楚楚的；整洁的；整齐的
Adj.1 a : neat and trim in appearance b : very spruce and stylish
2 : alert and lively in movement and manners
daredevil
['dεə,devəl] n. 铤而走险的人，蛮勇的人 adj. 蛮勇的，不怕死的 Adj.: recklessly and often ostentatiously daring synonyms see ADVENTUROUS Noun. : a recklessly bold person
dash
[dæʃ] n. 破折号；冲撞
vt. 使…破灭；猛撞；泼溅
vi. 猛冲；撞击
Transitive verb
1 : to break by striking or knocking
2 : to knock, hurl, or thrust violently
3 : SPLASH, SPATTER
4 a : RUIN, DESTROY the news dashed his hopes b : DEPRESS, SADDEN c : to make ashamed
5 : to affect by mixing in something different his delight was dashed with bitterness over the delay
6 : to complete, execute, or finish off hastily ? used with down or off dashed down a drink dash off a letter
7 [euphemism] : 1DAMN 4
intransitive verb
1 : to move with sudden speed dashed through the rain
2 : SMASH
Noun.1 a archaic : BLOW b (1) : a sudden burst or splash (2) : the sound produced by such a burst
2 a : a stroke of a pen b : a punctuation mark * that is used especially to indicate a break in the thought or structure of a sentence
3 : a small usually distinctive addition a dash of salt a dash of humor
4 : flashy display
5 : animation in style and action
6 a : a sudden onset, rush, or attempt b : a short fast race
7 : a long click or buzz forming a letter or part of a letter (as in Morse code)
8 : DASHBOARD 2
daub
[dɔ:b] vt. 涂抹；乱画；弄脏 vi. 涂抹；乱画 n. 涂抹；涂料；拙劣的画 Transitive verb 1 : to cover or coat with soft adhesive matter : PLASTER 2 : to coat with a dirty substance 3 a : to apply coloring material crudely to b : to apply (as paint) crudely intransitive verb 1 archaic : to put on a false exterior 2 : to apply colors crudely Noun.1 : material used to daub walls 2 : an act or instance of daubing 3 : something daubed on : SMEAR 4 : a crude picture
dawdle
['dɔ:dl] vi. 混日子；游手好闲；偷懒 vt. 混日子；游手好闲；浪费时间 Intransitive verb 1 : to spend time idly 2 : to move lackadaisically transitive verb : to spend fruitlessly or lackadaisically *dawdled the day away* synonyms see DELAY
daze
[deiz] vt. 使茫然；使眼花缭乱；使晕眩
n. 迷乱，眼花缭乱
vt.1 : to stupefy especially by a blow : STUN
2 : to dazzle with light
deaden
[‘dedən] vt. 使减弱；使麻木；隔阻
vi. 变得如死一般；失去活力
Transitive verb
1 : to impair in vigor or sensation : BLUNT deadened his enthusiasm deadened the pain
2 a : to deprive of brilliance b : to make vapid or spiritless oxygen deadens wine c : to make (as a wall) impervious to sound
3 : to deprive of life : KILL
intransitive verb : to become dead : lose life or vigor
deadlock
['dedlɔk] n. 僵局，停顿 vi. 死锁；停顿 vt. 停顿；相持不下 Noun.1 : a state of inaction or neutralization resulting from the opposition of equally powerful uncompromising persons or factions : STANDSTILL *the deadlock was broken with a key compromise* 2 : a tie score
debar
[di’bɑ:] vt. 阻止；排除；防止
vt.: to bar from having or doing something : PRECLUDE
debark
[di’bɑ:k] vt. 使下船；使登陆；卸
vi. 登陆
Verb.: DISEMBARK
vt. : to remove bark from
