L31 Flashcards
harshly
[‘ha:ʃli] adv. 严厉地；刺耳地；粗糙地
Adv.: in a harsh manner: a : coarsely to the touch : ROUGHLY rubbed herself harshly with a towel?I.V.Morris b : offensively to the senses : DISAGREEABLY *houses on the far side, harshly white in this straight hard glare?Thomas Wood 1950 c : unfeelingly to the sensibilities : RIGOROUSLY, CRUELLY harshly limits the freedom of the creative imagination?Philip Toynbee he was made prisoner and harshly treated?E.M.Coulter d : ungracefully by aesthetic standards : CRUDELY a number of his canvases are slightly repellent * notably one of a harshly drawn, bedraggled mother and child?R.M.Coates
hash
[hæʃ] n. 剁碎的食物；混杂，拼凑；重新表述
vt. 搞糟，把…弄乱；切细；推敲
vt.1 a : to chop (as meat and potatoes) into small pieces b : CONFUSE, MUDDLE
2 : to talk about : REVIEW ? often used with over or out
Noun.1 : chopped food; specifically : chopped meat mixed with potatoes and browned
2 : a restatement of something that is already known the same old hash
3 a : HODGEPODGE, JUMBLE b : a confused muddle made a hash of the whole project
Noun.: HASHISH
hasten
[‘heisən] vt. 加速；使赶紧；催促
vi. 赶快；急忙
Intransitive verb : to move or act quickly
transitive verb
1 : to urge on hastened her to the door ?A. J. Cronin
2 : ACCELERATE hasten the coming of a new order ?D. W. Brogan
hasty
['heisti] adj. 轻率的；匆忙的；草率的；性怠的 Adj.1 a archaic : rapid in action or movement : SPEEDY b : done or made in a hurry c : fast and typically superficial *made a hasty examination of the wound* 2 : EAGER, IMPATIENT 3 : PRECIPITATE, RASH 4 : prone to anger : IRRITABLE synonyms see FAST
hauteur
[əu’tə:] n. 傲慢；自大
Noun.: ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS
havoc
[‘hævək] n. 大破坏；浩劫；蹂躏
vt. 严重破坏
vi. 损毁
Noun.1 : wide and general destruction : DEVASTATION
2 : great confusion and disorder the blackout caused havoc in the city
vt. : to lay waste : DESTROY
hawk
[hɔ:k] vt. 兜售，沿街叫卖；捕捉；咳出
vi. 清嗓；咳嗽；像鹰一般地袭击
n. 鹰；鹰派成员；掠夺他人的人
Noun.1 : any of numerous diurnal birds of prey belonging to a suborder (Falcones of the order Falconiformes) and including all the smaller members of this group; especially : ACCIPITER
2 : a small board or metal sheet with a handle on the underside used to hold mortar
3 : one who takes a militant attitude and advocates immediate vigorous action; especially : a supporter of a war or warlike policy ? compare DOVE
intransitive verb
1 : to hunt birds by means of a trained hawk
2 : to soar and strike like a hawk
transitive verb : to hunt on the wing like a hawk
transitive verb : to raise by trying to clear the throat hawk up phlegm
intransitive verb : to utter a harsh guttural sound in or as if in hawking
Noun. : an audible effort to force up phlegm from the throat
vt. : to offer for sale by calling out in the street hawking newspapers; broadly : SELL
hazy
[‘heizi] adj. 朦胧的；模糊的；有薄雾的
Adj.1 : obscured or made dim or cloudy by or as if by haze
2 : VAGUE, INDEFINITE has only a hazy recollection; also : UNCERTAIN I’m hazy on that point
headlong
['hedlɔŋ] adj. 轻率的；头向前的；匆促而用力的 adv. 头向前地；猛然用力地 Adv.1 : HEADFIRST 1 2 : without deliberation : RECKLESSLY *rushes headlong into danger* 3 : without pause or delay Adj.1 archaic : STEEP, PRECIPITOUS 2 : lacking in calmness or restraint : PRECIPITATE *a headlong torrent of emotion* 3 : plunging headfirst synonyms see PRECIPITATE
headway
[‘hedwei] n. 前进；进步；航行速度；间隔时间
Noun.1 a : motion or rate of motion in a forward direction b : ADVANCE, PROGRESS
2 : headroom (as under an arch) sufficient to allow passage
3 : the time interval between two vehicles traveling in the same direction on the same route
heady
[‘hedi] adj. 兴奋的；任性的；性急的；顽固的；使人头晕的
Adj.1 a : WILLFUL, RASH heady opinions b : VIOLENT, IMPETUOUS
2 a : tending to intoxicate or make giddy or elated heady wine being in such distinguished company was a heady experience b : GIDDY, EXHILARATED heady with his success c : RICH a heady sauce a heady variety d : IMPRESSIVE a man of heady accomplishments
3 a : marked by or showing good judgment : SHREWD, INTELLIGENT b : intellectually stimulating or demanding
heal
[hi:l] vt. 治愈，痊愈；和解
vi. 痊愈
Transitive verb
1 a : to make sound or whole heal a wound b : to restore to health
2 a : to cause (an undesirable condition) to be overcome : MEND the troublesThad not been forgotten, but they had been healed ?William Power b : to patch up (a breach or division) heal a breach between friends
3 : to restore to original purity or integrity healed of sin
intransitive verb : to return to a sound state
hearken
['hɑ:kən] vi. 倾听；听给予注意 vt. 留心；听明白 Intransitive verb 1 : LISTEN 2 : to give respectful attention transitive verb , archaic : to give heed to : HEAR
hearsay
[‘hiəsei] n. 传闻，谣言
adj. 传闻的，风闻的
Noun.: RUMOR
heartrending
[‘hɑ:t,rendiŋ] adj. 悲惨的；令人心碎的
Adj.: HEARTBREAKING 1a
heave
[hi:v] vt. 举起；使起伏；[口]投掷；恶心；发出（叹息等）
vi. 起伏；举起；喘息；呕吐
n. 举起；起伏；投掷；一阵呕吐
Transitive verb
1 obsolete : ELEVATE
2 : LIFT, RAISE heaved the trunk onto the table
3 : THROW, CAST heaving rocks
4 a : to cause to swell or rise b : to displace (as a rock stratum) especially by a fault
5 : to utter with obvious effort or with a deep breath heave a sigh of relief
6 : HAUL, DRAW
intransitive verb
1 : LABOR, STRUGGLE
2 : RETCH
3 a : to rise and fall rhythmically b : PANT
4 a : PULL, PUSH heaving on a rope b : to move a ship in a specified direction or manner c past usually hove : to move in an indicated way the ship hove into view
5 : to rise or become thrown or raised up
synonyms see LIFT
Noun.1 a : an effort to heave or raise b : HURL, CAST
2 : an upward motion : RISING; especially : a rhythmical rising
3 : horizontal displacement especially by the faulting of a rock
4 plural but singular or plural in construction : chronic pulmonary emphysema of the horse resulting in difficult expiration, heaving of the flanks, and a persistent cough
heckle
[‘hekl] vt. 诘问；激烈质问；以麻梳梳理
n. 麻梳
vt.: to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges, or gibes : BADGER
synonyms see BAIT
hectic
[‘hektik] n. 脸红；患肺结核
adj. 兴奋的，狂热的；脸上发红；肺病的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or being a fluctuating but persistent fever (as in tuberculosis)
2 : having a hectic fever
3 : RED, FLUSHED
4 : characterized by activity, excitement, or confusion the hectic days before the holidays
hector
[‘hektə] vi. 威吓；愚弄
n. 虚张声势的人；威吓者；恃强凌弱的人
vt. 威吓；欺凌
Noun.1 capitalized : a son of Priam, husband of Andromache, and Trojan champion slain by Achilles
2 : BULLY, BRAGGART
intransitive verb : to play the bully : SWAGGER
transitive verb : to intimidate or harass by bluster or personal pressure
synonyms see BAIT
hedge
[hedʒ] vt. 用树篱笆围住；避免作正面答复
vi. 用树篱围住；避免作正面答复
n. 树篱；障碍
Noun.1 a : a fence or boundary formed by a dense row of shrubs or low trees b : BARRIER, LIMIT
2 : a means of protection or defense (as against financial loss)
3 : a calculatedly noncommittal or evasive statement
transitive verb
1 : to enclose or protect with or as if with a hedge : ENCIRCLE
2 : to hem in or obstruct with or as if with a barrier : HINDER hedged about by special regulations and statutes ?Sandi Rosenbloom
3 : to protect oneself from losing or failing by a counterbalancing action hedge a bet
intransitive verb
1 : to plant, form, or trim a hedge
2 : to evade the risk of commitment especially by leaving open a way of retreat : TRIM
3 : to protect oneself financially: as a : to buy or sell commodity futures as a protection against loss due to price fluctuation b : to minimize the risk of a bet
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or designed for a hedge
2 : born, living, or made near or as if near hedges : ROADSIDE
3 : INFERIOR 3
herbivorous
[hɜː’bɪvərəs] adj. [动] 食草的
Adj.: feeding on plants
heresy
[‘herəsi] n. 异端；异端邪说；异教
Noun.1 a : adherence to a religious opinion contrary to church dogma b : denial of a revealed truth by a baptized member of the Roman Catholic Church c : an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma
2 a : dissent or deviation from a dominant theory, opinion, or practice b : an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to generally accepted beliefs or standards
hermetic
[hə:’metik] adj. 密封的；与外界隔绝的；不透气的；炼金术的
n. 炼金术士
Adj.1 often capitalized a : of or relating to the Gnostic writings or teachings arising in the first three centuries A.D. and attributed to Hermes Trismegistus b : relating to or characterized by occultism or abstruseness : RECONDITE
2 [from the belief that Hermes Trismegistus invented a magic seal to keep vessels airtight] a : AIRTIGHT hermetic seal b : impervious to external influence trapped inside the hermetic military machine ?Jack Newfield c : RECLUSE, SOLITARY leads a hermetic life
hew
[hju:] vt. 砍；劈；砍倒
vi. 砍；劈；坚持
Transitive verb
1 : to cut with blows of a heavy cutting instrument
2 : to fell by blows of an ax hew a tree
3 : to give form or shape to with or as if with heavy cutting blows hewed their farms from the wilderness ?J. T. Shotwell
intransitive verb
1 : to make cutting blows
2 : CONFORM, ADHERE hew to tradition ? often used in the phrase hew to the line no pressureTon newspapers to hew to the official line ?New York Times Magazine
hidebound
[‘haidbaund] adj. 死板的；保守的；顽固的；墨守成规的
Adj.1 of a domestic animal : having a dry skin lacking in pliancy and adhering closely to the underlying flesh
2 : having an inflexible or ultraconservative character
hie
[hai] vt. 催促；快走；使赶紧
vi. 赶快；催促
Intransitive verb : to go quickly : HASTEN
transitive verb : to cause (oneself) to go quickly
hieroglyphic
[,haiərəu’ɡlifik] n. 象形文字；象形文字写的文章
adj. 象形文字的；难解的
Adj.1 : written in, constituting, or belonging to a system of writing mainly in pictorial characters
2 : inscribed with hieroglyphic
3 : resembling hieroglyphic in difficulty of decipherment
Noun.1 : HIEROGLYPH
2 : a system of hieroglyphic writing; specifically : the picture script of the ancient Egyptian priesthood ? often used in plural but sing. or plural in constr.
3 : something that resembles a hieroglyph especially in difficulty of decipherment
highbrow
[‘haibrau] adj. 不切实际的；自炫博学的；知识分子的
n. 卖弄知识的人；知识分子
Noun.: a person who possesses or has pretensions to superior learning or culture
hike
[haik] vi. 远足；徒步旅行；上升
vt. 提高；拉起；使…高涨
n. 远足；徒步旅行；涨价
Intransitive verb
1 a : to go on a hike b : to travel by any means
2 : to rise up; especially : to work upward out of place skirt had hiked up in back
transitive verb
1 a : to move, pull, or raise with a sudden motion hiked himself onto the top bunk b : SNAP 6b c : to raise in amount sharply or suddenly hike rents
2 : to take on a hike
3 : to traverse on a hike hike a trail
Noun.1 : a long walk especially for pleasure or exercise
2 : an increase especially in quantity or amount a new wage hike
3 : SNAP 11
hilarious
[hi’lεəriəs] adj. 欢闹的；非常滑稽的；喜不自禁的
Adj.: marked by or causing hilarity : extremely funny
hinder
[‘hində] vi. 成为阻碍
vt. 阻碍；打扰
adj. 后面的
Transitive verb
1 : to make slow or difficult the progress of : HAMPER
2 : to hold back : CHECK
intransitive verb : to delay, impede, or prevent action
Adj.: situated behind or in the rear : POSTERIOR
hinge
[hindʒ] n. 铰链；枢纽；关键
vt. 给…安装铰链
vi. 依…而转移
Noun.1 a : a jointed or flexible device on which a door, lid, or other swinging part turns b : a flexible ligamentous joint c : a small piece of thin gummed paper used in fastening a postage stamp in an album
2 : a determining factor : TURNING POINT
intransitive verb : to be contingent on a single consideration or point ? used with on or upon the prosecution’s case hinges on the DNA evidence
transitive verb : to attach by or furnish with hinges
hoarse
[hɔ:s] adj. 嘶哑的
Adj.1 : rough or harsh in sound : GRATING a hoarse voice
2 : having a hoarse voice shouted himself hoarse
hoary
[‘hɔ:ri] adj. 久远的，古老的；灰白的
Adj.1 : gray or white with or as if with age
2 : extremely old : ANCIENT hoary legends
hoax
[həuks] vt. 愚弄；欺骗
n. 骗局；恶作剧
vt.: to trick into believing or accepting as genuine something false and often preposterous
Noun.1 : an act intended to trick or dupe : IMPOSTURE
2 : something accepted or established by fraud or fabrication
hobble
[‘hɔbl] vi. 蹒跚；跛行
vt. 使跛行
n. 跛行步态
Intransitive verb : to move along unsteadily or with difficulty; especially : to limp along
transitive verb
1 : to cause to limp : make lame : CRIPPLE
2 [probably alteration of hopple to hobble] a : to fasten together the legs of (as a horse) to prevent straying : FETTER b : to place under handicap : HAMPER, IMPEDE
Noun.1 : a hobbling movement
2 archaic : an awkward situation
3 : something used to hobble an animal
hoe
[həu] vt. 锄，用锄头
vi. 用锄耕地
n. 锄头
Noun.1 : any of various implements for tilling, mixing, or raking; especially : an implement with a thin flat blade on a long handle used especially for cultivating, weeding, or loosening the earth around plants
2 : BACKHOE
intransitive verb : to use or work with a hoe
transitive verb
1 : to weed, cultivate, or thin (a crop) with a hoe
2 : to remove (weeds) by hoeing
3 : to dress or cultivate (land) by hoeing
hoist
[hɔist] n. 起重机；升起，吊起
vi. 升起；吊起
vt. （用绳索，起重机等）使升起
Transitive verb
1 : LIFT, RAISE; especially : to raise into position by or as if by means of tackle
2 : DRINK 1 hoist a few beers
intransitive verb : to become hoisted : RISE
synonyms see LIFT
Noun.1 : an act of hoisting : LIFT
2 : an apparatus for hoisting
3 : the height of a flag when viewed flying
homage
[‘hɔmidʒ] n. 敬意；尊敬；效忠
Noun.1 a : a feudal ceremony by which a man acknowledges himself the vassal of a lord b : the relationship between a feudal lord and his vassal c : an act done or payment made in meeting the obligations of vassalage
2 a : expression of high regard : RESPECT ? often used with pay b : something that shows respect or attests to the worth or influence of another : TRIBUTE his long life filled with international homages to his unique musical talent ?People
synonyms see HONOR
homely
[‘həumli] adj. 家庭的；平凡的；不好看的
Adj.1 : suggestive or characteristic of a home
2 : being something familiar with which one is at home satisfy themselves with houses, furniture, books and clothes that were worn and homely and friendly to the touch ?Brendan Gill
3 a : unaffectedly natural : SIMPLE b : not elaborate or complex homely virtues
4 : plain or unattractive in appearance
hone
[həun] n. 磨刀石；想念；抱怨
vt. 用磨刀石磨
Noun. : WHETSTONE
vt.1 : to sharpen or smooth with a whetstone
2 : to make more acute, intense, or effective : WHET helped her hone her comic timing ?Patricia Bosworth
vi.1 dialect : YEARN ? often used with for or after
2 dialect : GRUMBLE, MOAN
hoodoo
[‘huːduː] n. 招来不幸的人，不祥的人
vt. 使倒霉
Noun.1 : a body of practices of sympathetic magic traditional especially among blacks in the southern United States
2 : a natural column of rock in western North America often in fantastic form
3 : something that brings bad luck
4 : NONSENSE, HOKUM
vt. : to cast a spell on; broadly : to be a source of misfortune to
hoodwink
[‘hudwiŋk] vt. 蒙蔽；欺骗；遮眼
vt.1 archaic : BLINDFOLD
2 obsolete : HIDE
3 : to deceive by false appearance : DUPE
hoop
[hu:p] n. 箍；铁环；呼呼声
vt. 加箍于；包围
vi. 发呼呼声
Noun.1 : a circular strip used especially for holding together the staves of containers or as a plaything
2 a : a circular figure or object : RING b : the rim of a basketball goal; broadly : the entire goal
3 : a circle or series of circles of flexible material used to expand a woman’s skirt
4 : BASKETBALL ? usually used in plural
vt.: to bind or fasten with or as if with a hoop
horizontal
[‘hɔri’zɔntəl] adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的
n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置
Adj.1 a : of, relating to, or situated near the horizon b : parallel to, in the plane of, or operating in a plane parallel to the horizon or to a baseline : LEVEL horizontal distance a horizontal engine
2 : relating to, directed toward, or consisting of individuals or entities of similar status or on the same level horizontal mergers horizontal hostility
horn
[hɔ:n] n. 喇叭，号角；角
vt. 装角于
Noun.1 a : one of the usually paired bony processes that arise from the head of many ungulates and that are found in some extinct mammals and reptiles: as (1) : one of the permanent paired hollow sheaths of keratin usually present in both sexes of cattle and their relatives that function chiefly for defense and arise from a bony core anchored to the skull ? see COW illustration (2) : ANTLER (3) : a permanent solid horn of keratin that is attached to the nasal bone of a rhinoceros (4) : one of a pair of permanent bone protuberances from the skull of a giraffe or okapi that are covered with hairy skin b : a part like an animal’s horn attributed especially to the devil c : a natural projection or excrescence from an animal resembling or suggestive of a horn d (1) : the tough fibrous material consisting chiefly of keratin that covers or forms the horns of cattle and related animals, hooves, or other horny parts (as claws or nails) (2) : a manufactured product (as a plastic) resembling horn e : a hollow horn used to hold something
2 : something resembling or suggestive of a horn: as a : one of the curved ends of a crescent b : a sharp mountain peak c : a body of land or water shaped like a horn d : a beak-shaped part of an anvil e : a high pommel of a saddle f : CORNU
3 a : an animal’s horn used as a wind instrument b : a brass wind instrument: as (1) : HUNTING HORN (2) : FRENCH HORN c : a wind instrument used in a jazz band; especially : TRUMPET d : a usually electrical device that makes a noise like that of a horn
4 : a source of strength
5 : one of the equally disadvantageous alternatives presented by a dilemma
6 slang : TELEPHONE
horrendous
[hɒ’rendəs] adj. 可怕的；惊人的
Adj. : HORRIBLE, DREADFUL the tax rate was horrendous horrendous crimes
hortative
[‘hɔ:tətiv] adj. 劝告的；奖励的
Adj. : giving exhortation : ADVISORY
horticulture
[‘hɔ:tikʌltʃə] n. 园艺，园艺学
Noun.: the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants
howler
[‘haulə] n. 大声叫喊者；嚎叫的人或动物；滑稽可笑的错误
Noun.1 a : HOWLER MONKEY b : one that howls
2 : a humorous and ridiculous blunder
hubris
[‘hju:bris] n. 傲慢；狂妄自大
Noun. : exaggerated pride or self-confidence
hue
[hju:] n. 色彩；色度；叫声
noun.1 : COMPLEXION, ASPECT political parties of every hue ?Louis Wasserman
2 a : COLOR b : gradation of color c : the attribute of colors that permits them to be classed as red, yellow, green, blue, or an intermediate between any contiguous pair of these colors ? compare BRIGHTNESS 2, LIGHTNESS 2, SATURATION 4
huffish
[‘hʌfɪʃ] adj. 发怒的；傲慢的；不高兴的
Adj.: ARROGANT, SULKY
huffy
[‘hʌfi] adj. 怒冲冲的；暴躁的
Adj.1 : HAUGHTY, ARROGANT
2 a : roused to indignation : IRRITATED b : easily offended : TOUCHY
hull
[hʌl] n. 船体；（果实的）外壳
vt. 去壳
Noun.1 a : the outer covering of a fruit or seed b : the persistent calyx or involucre that subtends some fruits (as a strawberry)
2 a : the frame or body of a ship or boat exclusive of masts, yards, sails, and rigging b : the main body of a usually large or heavy craft or vehicle (as an airship or tank)
3 : COVERING, CASING
vt. : to remove the hulls of : SHUCK
humid
[‘hju:mid] adj. 潮湿的；湿润的；多湿气的
Adj.: containing or characterized by perceptible moisture especially to the point of being oppressive
synonyms see WET
humor
[‘hju:mə] n. 幽默，诙谐；心情
vt. 迎合，迁就；顺应
Noun.1 a : a normal functioning bodily semifluid or fluid (as the blood or lymph) b : a secretion (as a hormone) that is an excitant of activity
2 a in medieval physiology : a fluid or juice of an animal or plant; specifically : one of the four fluids entering into the constitution of the body and determining by their relative proportions a person’s health and temperament b : characteristic or habitual disposition or bent : TEMPERAMENT of cheerful humor c : an often temporary state of mind imposed especially by circumstances was in no humor to listen d : a sudden, unpredictable, or unreasoning inclination : WHIM the uncertain humors of nature
3 a : that quality which appeals to a sense of the ludicrous or absurdly incongruous b : the mental faculty of discovering, expressing, or appreciating the ludicrous or absurdly incongruous c : something that is or is designed to be comical or amusing
synonyms see WIT
vt.1 : to soothe or content by indulgence
2 : to adapt oneself to
synonyms see INDULGE
hunker
[‘hʌŋkə] n. 守旧者
vi. 蹲下，盘坐
vi.1 : CROUCH, SQUAT ? usually used with down
2 : to settle in or dig in for a sustained period ? used with down hunker down for a good long wait ?New Yorker
hurdle
[‘hə:dl] n. 障碍；栏；跳栏
vt. 克服
vi. 克服；跳过
Noun.1 a : a portable panel usually of wattled withes and stakes used especially for enclosing land or livestock b : a frame or sled formerly used in England for dragging traitors to execution
2 a : an artificial barrier over which racers must leap b plural : any of various track events in which a series of hurdles must be surmounted
3 : BARRIER, OBSTACLE
vt.1 : to leap over especially while running (as in a sporting competition)
2 : OVERCOME, SURMOUNT
hurtle
['hə:tl] vi. 猛冲；猛烈碰撞 vt. 猛投；冲向 n. 碰撞；猛冲 Intransitive verb : to move rapidly or forcefully transitive verb : HURL, FLING
husband
[‘hʌzbənd] vt. 节约地使用（或管理）
n. 丈夫
Noun.1 : a male partner in a marriage
2 British : MANAGER, STEWARD
3 : a frugal manager
vt.1 a : to manage prudently and economically b : to use sparingly : CONSERVE
2 archaic : to find a husband for : MATE
husbandry
[‘hʌzbəndri] n. 饲养；务农，耕种；家政
Noun.1 archaic : the care of a household
2 : the control or judicious use of resources : CONSERVATION
3 a : the cultivation or production of plants or animals : AGRICULTURE b : the scientific control and management of a branch of farming and especially of domestic animals
hush
[hʌʃ] vt. 安静；肃静；缄默
n. 安静；肃静；沉默
vi. 沉默；安静下来
int. 嘘；别作声
Transitive verb
1 : CALM, QUIET hushed the children as they entered the library
2 : to put at rest : MOLLIFY
3 : to keep from public knowledge : SUPPRESS hush the story up
intransitive verb : to become quiet
Adj.1 archaic : SILENT, STILL
2 : intended to prevent the dissemination of certain information hush money
Noun. : a silence or calm especially following noise : QUIET
hymn
[him] n. 赞美诗；圣歌；欢乐的歌 vt. 唱赞美歌 vi. 唱赞歌 Noun.1 a : a song of praise to God b : a metrical composition adapted for singing in a religious service 2 : a song of praise or joy 3 : something resembling a hymn : PAEAN transitive verb : to praise or worship in or as if in hymns *the heroes hymned in this book* intransitive verb : to sing a hymn
