L36 Flashcards
perjure
[‘pə:dʒə] vt. 作伪证；使发伪誓；使破坏誓言
vt.1 : to make a perjurer of (oneself)
2 obsolete : to cause to commit perjury
perjury
[‘pə:dʒəri] n. 伪证；伪誓；背信弃义
Noun.: the voluntary violation of an oath or vow either by swearing to what is untrue or by omission to do what has been promised under oath : false swearing
perk
[pə:k] vi. 振作；昂首
vt. 使振作；打扮；竖起
n. 小费；额外收入
Intransitive verb
1 a : to thrust up the head, stretch out the neck, or carry the body in a bold or insolent manner b : to stick up or out jauntily
2 : to gain in vigor or cheerfulness especially after a period of weakness or depression ? usually used with up he’s perked up noticeably
transitive verb
1 : to make smart or spruce in appearance : FRESHEN, IMPROVE ? often used with up
2 : to thrust up quickly or impudently
vi. : PERCOLATE
Noun.: PERQUISITE ? usually used in plural
perky
[‘pə:ki] adj. 神气的；得意洋洋的；自信的；活泼的
Adj.1 : briskly self-assured : COCKY
2 : JAUNTY a perkyTwaltz ?New Yorker
perpetual
[pə’petʃuəl, -tju-] adj. 永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的
Adj.1 a : continuing forever : EVERLASTING perpetual motion b (1) : valid for all time a perpetual right (2) : holding (as an office) for life or for an unlimited time
2 : occurring continually : indefinitely long-continued perpetual problems
3 : blooming continuously throughout the season
synonyms see CONTINUAL
persecute
[‘pə:sikju:t] vt. 迫害；困扰；同…捣乱
vt.1 : to harass or punish in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or afflict; specifically : to cause to suffer because of belief
2 : to annoy with persistent or urgent approaches (as attacks, pleas, or importunities) : PESTER
synonyms see WRONG
persiflage
[‘pə:siflɑ:ʒ, ,pə:si’flɑ:ʒ] n. 挖苦；嘲弄；戏谑
Noun.: frivolous bantering talk : light raillery
persistence
[pə’sistəns, -‘zis-] n. 持续；固执；存留
Noun.1 : the action or fact of persisting
2 : the quality or state of being persistent; especially : PERSEVERANCE
persnickety
[pə’snɪkɪtɪ] adj. 爱挑剔的；要求极度精确的；难应付的
Adj.1 a : fussy about small details : FASTIDIOUS a persnickety teacher b : having the characteristics of a snob
2 : requiring great precision a persnickety job
pertain
[pə:’tein, pə-] vi. 属于；关于；适合
vi.1 a (1) : to belong as a part, member, accessory, or product (2) : to belong as an attribute, feature, or function the destruction and havoc pertaining to war (3) : to belong as a duty or right responsibilities that pertain to fatherhood b : to be appropriate to something the criteriaTwill be different from those that pertain elsewhere ?J. B. Conant
2 : to have reference books pertaining to birds
pertinacious
[,pə:ti’neiʃəs] adj. 顽固的；执拗的
Adj.1 a : adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design b : perversely persistent
2 : stubbornly unyielding or tenacious
synonyms see OBSTINATE
peruse
[pə’ru:z] vt. 详细考察；精读
vt.1 a : to examine or consider with attention and in detail : STUDY b : to look over or through in a casual or cursory manner
2 : READ; especially : to read over in an attentive or leisurely manner
perverse
[pə’və:s, ‘pə:və:s] adj. 堕落的，不正当的；倔强的；违反常情的
Adj.1 a : turned away from what is right or good : CORRUPT b : IMPROPER, INCORRECT c : contrary to the evidence or the direction of the judge on a point of law perverse verdict
2 a : obstinate in opposing what is right, reasonable, or accepted : WRONGHEADED b : arising from or indicative of stubbornness or obstinacy
3 : marked by peevishness or petulance : CRANKY
4 : marked by perversion : PERVERTED
synonyms see CONTRARY
pervert
[pə’və:t] vt. 使堕落；滥用；使反常
n. 堕落者；行为反常者；性欲反常者
vt.1 a : to cause to turn aside or away from what is good or true or morally right : CORRUPT b : to cause to turn aside or away from what is generally done or accepted : MISDIRECT
2 a : to divert to a wrong end or purpose : MISUSE b : to twist the meaning or sense of : MISINTERPRET
synonyms see DEBASE
Noun.: one that has been perverted; specifically : one given to some form of sexual perversion
pervious
[‘pə:viəs] adj. 能被通过的；能接受的；可渗透的
Adj.1 : ACCESSIBLE pervious to reason
2 : PERMEABLE pervious soil
pester
[‘pestə] vt. 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼
vt.1 obsolete : OVERCROWD
2 : to harass with petty irritations : ANNOY
synonyms see WORRY
pestilent
[‘pestɪl(ə)nt] adj. 致命的；有害的；恼人的；危害社会的
Adj.1 : destructive of life : DEADLY
2 : injuring or endangering society : PERNICIOUS
3 : causing displeasure or annoyance
4 : INFECTIOUS, CONTAGIOUS a pestilent disease
pestle
[‘pesəl, ‘pestl] vt. 用杵捣；用槌磨
vi. 用杵捣碎；用槌磨碎
n. 杵；碾槌
Noun.1 : a usually club-shaped implement for pounding or grinding substances in a mortar ? see MORTAR illustration
2 : any of various devices for pounding, stamping, or pressing
transitive verb archaic : to beat, pound, or pulverize with or as if with a pestle
intransitive verb : to work with a pestle : use a pestle
petal
[‘petəl] n. [植]花瓣
Noun.: one of the modified often brightly colored leaves of the corolla of a flower ? see FLOWER illustration
petitioner
[pə’tiʃənə(r)] n. 请愿人；诉愿人；（英）离婚案原告
Noun.1 : one that petitions
2 usually capitalized : one of those signing petitions to Charles II in 1679 for an assembling of Parliament ? compare ABHORRER
petrify
[‘petrifai] vi. [地质]石化；惊呆
vt. 使…石化；使…惊呆
Transitive verb
1 : to convert (organic matter) into stone or a substance of stony hardness by the infiltration of water and the deposition of dissolved mineral matter
2 : to make rigid or inert like stone: a : to make lifeless or inactive : DEADEN slogans are apt to petrify a man’s thinking ?Saturday Review b : to confound with fear, amazement, or awe a novel about an airline pilot that will petrify you ?Martin Levin
intransitive verb : to become stone or of stony hardness or rigidity
pettish
[‘petiʃ] adj. 易怒的；闹情绪的；怒气冲冲的
Adj.: FRETFUL, PEEVISH
petty
[‘peti] adj. 琐碎的；小气的；小规模的
Adj.1 : having secondary rank or importance : MINOR, SUBORDINATE
2 : having little or no importance or significance
3 : marked by or reflective of narrow interests and sympathies : SMALL-MINDED
petulance
[‘petjuləns] n. 易怒；生气；性急；暴躁
Noun. : the quality or state of being petulant : PEEVISHNESS
phantom
[‘fæntəm] n. 幽灵；幻影；虚位
adj. 幽灵的；幻觉的；有名无实的
Noun.1 a : something (as a specter) apparent to sense but with no substantial existence : APPARITION b : something elusive or visionary : WILL-O’-THE-WISP c : an object of continual dread or abhorrence : BUGBEAR the phantom of disease and want
2 : something existing in appearance only
3 : a representation of something abstract, ideal, or incorporeal she was a phantom of delight ?William Wordsworth
pharisaic
（古犹太）法利赛人的；伪善的，假装虔诚的
phar·i·sa·ic\ˌfa-rə-ˈsā-ik\
adjective
1 : pharisaical
2 capitalized : of or relating to the Pharisees
Origin: Late Latin pharisaicus, from Late Greek pharisaikos, from Greek pharisaios Pharisee.
First use: circa 1618
pharmacology
[,fɑ:mə’kɔlədʒi] n. 药物学，药理学
Noun.1 : the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology
2 : the properties and reactions of drugs especially with relation to their therapeutic value
philately
[fi’lætəli] n. 集邮；集邮者
Noun.: the collection and study of postage and imprinted stamps : stamp collecting
philology
[fi’lɔlədʒi, fə-] n. 文献学；语言学
Noun.1 : the study of literature and of disciplines relevant to literature or to language as used in literature
2 a : LINGUISTICS; especially : historical and comparative linguistics b : the study of human speech especially as the vehicle of literature and as a field of study that sheds light on cultural history
phoenix
[‘fi:niks] n. 凤凰；死而复生的人
Noun.: a legendary bird which according to one account lived 500 years, burned itself to ashes on a pyre, and rose alive from the ashes to live another period; also : a person or thing likened to the phoenix
phony
[‘fəuni] adj. [口]假的，欺骗的
n. 假冒者；赝品
Adj.: not genuine or real: as a (1) : intended to deceive or mislead (2) : intended to defraud : COUNTERFEIT b : arousing suspicion : probably dishonest something phony about the story c : having no basis in fact : FICTITIOUS phony publicity stories d : FALSE, SHAM a phony name e : making a false show: as (1) : HYPOCRITICAL (2) : SPECIOUS has a phony poetic elegance ?New Republic
Noun.: one that is phony
vt. : COUNTERFEIT, FAKE ? often used with up a paper phonied up on the spur of the moment ?William Faulkner
picayunish
picayunish： 微不足道的
Adj.: PICAYUNE a lifetime of picayunish drudgery in the company of louts?H.L.Davis
synonyms see PETTY
pictorial
[pik’tɔ:riəl] adj. 绘画的；形象化的
n. 画报；画刊
Adj.1 : of or relating to a painter, a painting, or the painting or drawing of pictures pictorial perspective
2 a : of, relating to, or consisting of pictures pictorial records b : illustrated by pictures pictorial weekly c : consisting of or displaying the characteristics of pictographs d : suggesting or conveying visual images pictorial poetry
Noun. : a periodical having much pictorial matter
piddle
['pidl] vi. 撒尿；鬼混；挑食；做无聊事 vt. 浪费 n. 尿 vi.1 : DAWDLE, PUTTER 2 : URINATE
piddling
[‘pidliŋ] adj. 琐屑的；无用的；不重要的
v. 撒尿；鬼混（piddle的ing形式）
Adj. : TRIVIAL, PALTRY
piebald
['paibɔ:ld] adj. 花斑的；杂色的 n. 花斑马；花马 Adj.1 : composed of incongruous parts 2 : of different colors; especially : spotted or blotched with black and white Noun.: a piebald animal (as a horse)
piecemeal
['piːsmiːl] n. 片；块 adj. 零碎的；逐渐的 vt. 粉碎 adv. 零碎地；逐个地 Adv.1 : one piece at a time : GRADUALLY 2 : in pieces or fragments : APART Adj. : done, made, or accomplished piece by piece or in a fragmentary way *piecemeal reforms in the system*
pied
[‘paid] adj. 杂色的；斑驳的；穿花衣服的
Adj. : of two or more colors in blotches; also : wearing or having a parti-colored coat a pied horse
pierce
[piəs] vt. 刺穿；洞察；响彻；深深地打动
vi. 进入；透入
Transitive verb
1 a : to run into or through as a pointed weapon does : STAB b : to enter or thrust into sharply or painfully
2 : to make a hole through : PERFORATE
3 : to force or make a way into or through
4 : to penetrate with the eye or mind : DISCERN
5 : to penetrate so as to move or touch the emotions of
intransitive verb : to force a way into or through something
synonyms see ENTER
pigment
[‘piɡmənt] n. 色素；颜料
vt. 给…着色
vi. 呈现颜色
Noun.1 : a substance that imparts black or white or a color to other materials; especially : a powdered substance that is mixed with a liquid in which it is relatively insoluble and used especially to impart color to coating materials (as paints) or to inks, plastics, and rubber
2 : a coloring matter in animals and plants especially in a cell or tissue; also : any of various related colorless substances
vt.: to color with or as if with pigment
pilfer
[‘pilfə] vi. 偷窃；小偷小摸
vt. 窃；偷窃；小偷小摸
Intransitive verb : STEAL; especially : to steal stealthily in small amounts and often again and again
transitive verb : STEAL; especially : to steal in small quantities
synonyms see STEAL
pillage
['pilidʒ] vi. 掠夺；抢劫 vt. 掠夺；抢劫 n. 掠夺；掠夺物 Noun.1 : the act of looting or plundering especially in war 2 : something taken as booty transitive verb : to plunder ruthlessly : LOOT intransitive verb : to take booty synonyms see RAVAGE
pilot
[‘pailət] n. 飞行员；领航员
adj. 试点的
v. 驾驶；领航；试用
Noun.1 a : one employed to steer a ship : HELMSMAN b : a person who is qualified and usually licensed to conduct a ship into and out of a port or in specified waters c : a person who flies or is qualified to fly an aircraft or spacecraft
2 : GUIDE, LEADER
3 : COWCATCHER
4 : a piece that guides a tool or machine part
5 : a television show produced and filmed or taped as a sample of a proposed series
6 : PILOT LIGHT 2
vt.1 : to act as a guide to : lead or conduct over a usually difficult course
2 a : to set and conn the course of pilot a ship b : to act as pilot of pilot a plane
synonyms see GUIDE
Adj. : serving as a guiding or tracing device, an activating or auxiliary unit, or a trial apparatus or operation a pilot study
pinch
[pintʃ] vt. 捏；勒索；使苦恼；掐掉某物，修剪
n. 匮乏；少量；夹痛
vi. 夹痛；节省
Transitive verb
1 a : to squeeze between the finger and thumb or between the jaws of an instrument b : to prune the tip of (a plant or shoot) usually to induce branching c : to squeeze or compress painfully d : to cause physical or mental pain to e (1) : to cause to appear thin, haggard, or shrunken (2) : to cause to shrivel or wither
2 a : to subject to strict economy or want : STRAITEN b : to restrain or limit narrowly : CONSTRICT
3 a : STEAL b : ARREST
4 : to sail too close to the wind
intransitive verb
1 : COMPRESS, SQUEEZE
2 : to be miserly or closefisted
3 : to press painfully
4 : NARROW, TAPER the road pinched down to a trail ?Cecelia Holland
Noun.1 a : a critical juncture : EMERGENCY b (1) : PRESSURE, STRESS (2) : HARDSHIP, PRIVATION c : DEFICIT
2 a : an act of pinching : SQUEEZE b : as much as may be taken between the finger and thumb a pinch of snuff c : a very small amount
3 : a marked thinning of a vein or bed
4 a : THEFT b : a police raid; also : ARREST
synonyms see JUNCTURE
Adj.1 : SUBSTITUTE pinch runner
2 : hit by a pinch hitter a pinch homer
piquant
[‘pi:kənt, pi-] adj. 辛辣的；活泼的；痛快的；顽皮的；刺激的
Adj.1 : agreeably stimulating to the palate; especially : SPICY
2 : engagingly provocative; also : having a lively arch charm
synonyms see PUNGENT
pique
[pi:k] vt. 刺激；伤害…自尊心；激怒
n. 生气；愠怒；呕气
Noun.: a transient feeling of wounded vanity : RESENTMENT a fit of pique
synonyms see OFFENSE
vt.1 : to arouse anger or resentment in : IRRITATE what piques linguistic conservatives ?T. H. Middleton
2 a : to excite or arouse especially by a provocation, challenge, or rebuff sly remarks to pique their curiosity b : PRIDE he piques himself on his skill as a cook
synonyms see PROVOKE
pirate
[‘paiərit] n. 海盗；盗版；侵犯专利权者
vt. 掠夺；翻印；剽窃
vi. 做海盗；从事劫掠
Noun. : one who commits or practices piracy
transitive verb
1 : to commit piracy on
2 : to take or appropriate by piracy: as a : to reproduce without authorization especially in infringement of copyright b : to lure away from another employer by offers of betterment
intransitive verb : to commit or practice piracy
pirouette
[,piru’et] vi. （芭蕾舞）以脚尖旋转
n. （芭蕾舞）脚尖旋转
Noun. : a rapid whirling about of the body; especially : a full turn on the toe or ball of one foot in ballet
piscatorial
[,pɪskə’tɔːrɪəl] adj. 渔业的；渔民的；捕鱼的
Adj.: PISCATORY
piteous
[‘pɪtɪəs] adj. 可怜的；哀怨的；慈悲的
Adj.: of a kind to move to pity or compassion
pith
[piθ] n. 精髓；核心；骨髓；要旨
vt. 杀死；使瘫痪；除去…中的髓
Noun.1 a : a usually continuous central strand of spongy tissue in the stems of most vascular plants that probably functions chiefly in storage b : any of various loose spongy plant tissues that resemble true pith c : the soft or spongy interior of a part of the body
2 a : the essential part : CORE b : substantial quality (as of meaning)
3 : IMPORTANCE
vt.1 a : to kill (as cattle) by piercing or severing the spinal cord b : to destroy the spinal cord or central nervous system of (as a frog) usually by passing a wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal
2 : to remove the pith from (a plant stem)
pithiness
[‘piθinis] n. 简洁；有力
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being pithy
2 : a disease of celery marked by the occurrence of soft spongy stalks and hearts
pitiless
[‘pitilis] adj. 冷酷的，无情的；无同情心的
Adj.: devoid of pity : HARSH, CRUEL
pittance
[‘pitəns] n. 少量；小额施舍；少量津贴
Noun.: a small portion, amount, or allowance; also : a meager wage or remuneration
pivot
[‘pivət] n. 枢轴；中心点；旋转运动
vt. 以…为中心旋转；把…置于枢轴上
vi. 在枢轴上转动；随…转移
adj. 枢轴的；关键的
Noun.1 : a shaft or pin on which something turns
2 a : a person, thing, or factor having a major or central role, function, or effect b : a key player or position; specifically : an offensive position of a basketball player standing usually with back to the basket to relay passes, shoot, or provide a screen for teammates
3 : the action of pivoting; especially : the action in basketball of stepping with one foot while keeping the other foot at its point of contact with the floor
Adj.1 : turning on or as if on a pivot
2 : PIVOTAL
intransitive verb : to turn on or as if on a pivot
transitive verb
1 : to provide with, mount on, or attach by a pivot
2 : to cause to pivot
placard
[‘plækɑ:d, -əd] n. 海报，标语牌；招贴
vt. 张贴，悬挂；公布；张贴公告于
vi. 张贴公告
Noun.1 : a notice posted in a public place : POSTER
2 : a small card or metal plaque
vt.1 a : to cover with or as if with posters b : to post in a public place
2 : to announce by or as if by posting
plagiarize
[‘pleidʒjəraiz] vi. 剽窃；抄袭
vt. 剽窃；抄袭
Transitive verb : to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own : use (another’s production) without crediting the source
intransitive verb : to commit literary theft : present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source
plague
[pleiɡ] n. 瘟疫；灾祸；麻烦；讨厌的人
vt. 折磨；使苦恼；使得灾祸
Noun.1 a : a disastrous evil or affliction : CALAMITY b : a destructively numerous influx a plague of locusts
2 a : an epidemic disease causing a high rate of mortality : PESTILENCE b : a virulent contagious febrile disease that is caused by a bacterium (Yersinia pestis) and that occurs in bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic forms ? called also black death
3 a : a cause of irritation : NUISANCE b : a sudden unwelcome outbreak a plague of burglaries
vt.1 : to smite, infest, or afflict with or as if with disease, calamity, or natural evil
2 a : to cause worry or distress to : HAMPER, BURDEN b : to disturb or annoy persistently
synonyms see WORRY
plain
[plein] adj. 平的；简单的；朴素的；清晰的
n. 平原；[计]无格式；朴实无华的东西
adv. 清楚地；平易地
vi. archaic : COMPLAIN
Noun.1 a : an extensive area of level or rolling treeless country b : a broad unbroken expanse
2 : something free from artifice, ornament, or extraneous matter
Adj.1 archaic : EVEN, LEVEL
2 : lacking ornament : UNDECORATED
3 : free of extraneous matter : PURE
4 : free of impediments to view : UNOBSTRUCTED
5 a (1) : evident to the mind or senses : OBVIOUS it’s perfectly plain that they will resist (2) : CLEAR let me make my meaning plain b : marked by outspoken candor : free from duplicity or subtlety : BLUNT plain talk
6 a : belonging to the masses : COMMON b : lacking special distinction or affectation : ORDINARY
7 : characterized by simplicity : not complicated plain home-cooked meals
8 : lacking beauty or ugliness
synonyms see COMMON, EVIDENT, FRANK
Adv.: in a plain manner : without obscurity or ambiguity saw them clearly and told you plain ?American Documentation
Adv. : ABSOLUTELY 1 it plain galled me to pay fancy prices ?F. R. Buckley
plait
[plæt, pleit] n. 褶；辫状物
vt. 编织；把…编成辫（等于pleat）；给…打褶
Noun.1 : PLEAT
2 : a braid of material (as hair or straw); specifically : PIGTAIL
vt.1 : PLEAT 1
2 a : to interweave the strands or locks of : BRAID b : to make by plaiting plait a basket
plangent
[‘plændʒənt] adj. 轰鸣的；凄切的
Adj.1 : having a loud reverberating sound a plangent roar
2 : having an expressive and especially plaintive quality plangent lyrics
plank
[plæŋk] n. 厚木板；支架；政纲条款
vt. 在…上铺板；撂下；立刻付款
Noun.1 a : a heavy thick board; especially : one 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 centimeters) thick and at least 8 inches (20 centimeters) wide b : an object made of a plank or planking c : PLANKING
2 a : an article in the platform of a political party b : a principal item of a policy or program
vt.1 : to cover, build, or floor with planks
2 : to set down forcefully ? usually used with down
3 : to cook and serve on a board planked salmon planked steak
plaster
[‘plɑ:stə, ‘plæs-] n. 石膏；灰泥；膏药
vt. 减轻；粘贴；涂以灰泥；敷以膏药；使平服
Noun.1 : a medicated or protective dressing that consists of a film (as of cloth or plastic) spread with a usually medicated substance adhesive plaster; broadly : something applied to heal and soothe
2 : a pasty composition (as of lime, water, and sand) that hardens on drying and is used for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions
transitive verb
1 : to overlay or cover with plaster : COAT
2 : to apply a plaster to
3 a : to cover over or conceal as if with a coat of plaster b : to apply as a coating or incrustation c : to smooth down with a sticky or shiny substance plastered his hair down
4 : to fasten or apply tightly to another surface
5 : to treat with plaster of paris
6 : to affix to or place on especially conspicuously or in quantity
7 : to inflict heavy damage or loss on especially by a concentrated or unremitting attack
intransitive verb : to apply plaster
plateau
[‘plætəu, plæ’t-] n. 高原；稳定水平；托盘；平顶女帽
vi. 达到平衡；达到稳定时期
Noun.1 a : a usually extensive land area having a relatively level surface raised sharply above adjacent land on at least one side : TABLELAND b : a similar undersea feature
2 a : a region of little or no change in a graphic representation b : a relatively stable level, period, or condition
3 : a level of attainment or achievement the 500-point plateau
vi. : to reach a level, period, or condition of stability or maximum attainment
