L27 Flashcards
debility
[di’biləti] n. 衰弱，虚弱；无活力
Noun. : WEAKNESS, INFIRMITY
debonair
[,debə’nεə] adj. 高兴的，快活的；温文尔雅的；殷勤的
Adj.1 archaic : GENTLE, COURTEOUS
2 a : SUAVE, URBANE a debonair performer b : LIGHTHEARTED, NONCHALANT
debrief
[di:’bri:f] vt. 盘问；听取报告
vt.1 : to interrogate (as a pilot) usually upon return (as from a mission) in order to obtain useful information
2 : to carefully review upon completion debrief the flight
debris
[‘deibri:] n. 碎片，残骸
Noun.1 : the remains of something broken down or destroyed
2 : an accumulation of fragments of rock
3 : something discarded : RUBBISH
debunk
[di:’bʌŋk] vt. 揭穿；拆穿…的假面具；暴露
vt. : to expose the sham or falseness of debunk a legend
decamp
[di’kæmp] vi. 撤营；逃走；逃亡
vi.1 : to break up a camp
2 : to depart suddenly : ABSCOND
decant
[di’kænt] vt. 移入其他容器；轻轻倒出
vt.1 : to draw off (a liquid) without disturbing the sediment or the lower liquid layers
2 : to pour from one vessel into another
3 : to pour out, transfer, or unload as if by pouring
deceit
[di’si:t] n. 欺骗；谎言；欺诈手段
noun.1 : the act or practice of deceiving : DECEPTION
2 : an attempt or device to deceive : TRICK
3 : the quality of being deceitful : DECEITFULNESS
decency
[‘di:sənsi] n. 正派；体面；庄重；合乎礼仪；礼貌
Noun.1 archaic a : FITNESS b : ORDERLINESS
2 a : the quality or state of being decent : PROPRIETY b : conformity to standards of taste, propriety, or quality
3 : standard of propriety ? usually used in plural
4 plural : conditions or services considered essential for a proper standard of living
5 : literary decorum
decentralize
[,di:’sentrəlaiz] vt. 使分散；使分权；疏散
vi. 分散集权；疏散
n. 分散
vt. : to deprive of centralization: as a : to disperse or distribute the functions or powers of (as a government) decentralize the administration of flood relief b : to cause to withdraw from the center or place of concentration decentralize downtown business areas?J.C.Ingraham
deception
[di’sepʃən] n. 欺骗，欺诈；骗术
Noun.1 a : the act of deceiving b : the fact or condition of being deceived
2 : something that deceives : TRICK a clever deception
declaim
[di’kleim] vi. 慷慨陈词；演讲；朗读
vt. 演讲；慷慨激昂地发表
Intransitive verb
1 : to speak rhetorically; specifically : to recite something as an exercise in elocution
2 : to speak pompously or bombastically : HARANGUE
transitive verb : to deliver rhetorically an actor declaiming his lines; specifically : to recite in elocution
decomposition
[,di:kɔmpə’ziʃən] n. 分解，腐烂；变质
Noun.obsolete : the combination of composites : repeated composition
Noun.the act or process of decomposing : the state of being decomposed: a : the separation or resolution (as of a substance) into constituent parts or elements or into simpler compounds decomposition of mercuric oxide into mercury and oxygen ? compare DISSOCIATION 1a b : DISINTEGRATION decomposition by fission c : organic decay the decomposition of a dead body : DISSOLUTION the complete decomposition of the opposition
decoy
[‘di:kɔi, di’kɔi] n. 诱饵；诱骗
vt. 诱骗
vi. 被诱
Noun.1 : a pond into which wildfowl are lured for capture
2 : someone or something used to lure or lead another into a trap; especially : an artificial bird used to attract live birds within shot
3 : someone or something used to draw attention away from another
vt.: to lure by or as if by a decoy : ENTICE
synonyms see LURE
decree
[di’kri:] n. 法令；判决
vt. 命令；颁布；注定；判决
vi. 注定；发布命令
Noun.1 : an order usually having the force of law
2 a : a religious ordinance enacted by council or titular head b : a foreordaining will
3 a : a judicial decision of the Roman emperor b : a judicial decision especially in an equity or probate court
transitive verb
1 : to command or enjoin by or as if by decree decree an amnesty
2 : to determine or order judicially decree a punishment
intransitive verb : ORDAIN
dedication
[,dedi’keiʃən] n. 奉献；献身
Noun.1 : an act or rite of dedicating to a divine being or to a sacred use
2 : a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose
3 : a name and often a message prefixed to a literary, musical, or artistic production in tribute to a person or cause
4 : self-sacrificing devotion her dedication to the cause
5 : a ceremony to mark the official completion or opening of something (as a building)
deduce
[di’dju:s] vt. 推论，推断；演绎出
vt.1 : to determine by deduction; specifically : to infer from a general principle
2 : to trace the course of
synonyms see INFER
deduct
[di’dʌkt] vt. 扣除，减去；演绎
vt.1 : to take away (an amount) from a total : SUBTRACT
2 : DEDUCE, INFER
deductive
[di’dʌktiv] adj. 演绎的；推论的；推断的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or provable by deduction
2 : employing deduction in reasoning
deed
[di:d] n. 行动；证书；[法]契据
vt. 立契转让
Noun.1 : something that is done evil deeds
2 : a usually illustrious act or action : FEAT, EXPLOIT a hero’s daring deeds
3 : the act of performing : ACTION righteous in word and in deed
4 : a signed and usually sealed instrument containing some legal transfer, bargain, or contract
vt. : to convey or transfer by deed
deface
[di’feis] vt. 损伤外观，丑化
Vt,1 : to mar the appearance of : injure by effacing significant details deface an inscription
2 : IMPAIR
3 obsolete : DESTROY
defame
[di'feim] v. 诽谤；中伤 vt. archaic : DISGRACE 2 : to harm the reputation of by libel or slander 3 archaic : ACCUSE synonyms see MALIGN
deficit
[‘defisit] n. 赤字；不足额
Noun.1 a (1) : deficiency in amount or quality a deficit in rainfall (2) : a lack or impairment in a functional capacity cognitive deficits a hearing deficit b : DISADVANTAGE scored two runs to overcome a 21 deficit*
2 a : an excess of expenditure over revenue b : a loss in business operations
defile
[di'fail] vt. 污损，弄脏；染污 n. 狭谷；隘路 vi. 以纵队前进 vt.: to make unclean or impure: as a : to corrupt the purity or perfection of : DEBASE *the countryside defiled by billboards* b : to violate the chastity of : DEFLOWER c : to make physically unclean especially with something unpleasant or contaminating *boots defiled with blood* d : to violate the sanctity of : DESECRATE *defile a sanctuary* e : SULLY, DISHONOR synonyms see CONTAMINATE Noun.: a narrow passage or gorge vi.: to march off in a line
deflect
[di’flekt] vt. 使转向；使偏斜；使弯曲
vi. 转向；偏斜
Transitive verb : to turn aside especially from a straight course or fixed direction
intransitive verb : to turn aside : DEVIATE
defraud
[di’frɔ:d] vt. 欺骗
vi. 进行诈骗（过去式defrauded，过去分词defrauded，现在分词defrauding，第三人称单数defrauds，名词defraudation）
vt. : to deprive of something by deception or fraud
synonyms see CHEAT
defray
[di’frei] vt. 支出；支付
vt.1 : to provide for the payment of : PAY
2 archaic : to bear the expenses of
defuse
[,di:’fju:z] vt. 平息；去掉…的雷管；使除去危险性
vt.1 : to remove the fuse from (as a mine or bomb)
2 : to make less harmful, potent, or tense defuse the crisis
dejected
[di’dʒektid] adj. 沮丧的，灰心的
Adj.1 : cast down in spirits : DEPRESSED
2 a obsolete , of the eyes : DOWNCAST b archaic : thrown down
3 obsolete : lowered in rank or condition
delectation
[,diːlek’teɪʃ(ə)n] n. 愉快；款待；享受
Noun.: DELIGHT, ENJOYMENT
delegate
[‘deliɡət, -ɡeit, ‘deliɡeit] vt. 委派…为代表
n. 代表
Noun.: a person acting for another: as a : a representative to a convention or conference b : a representative of a United States territory in the House of Representatives c : a member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland, Virginia, or West Virginia
transitive verb
1 : to entrust to another delegate authority
2 : to appoint as one’s representative
intransitive verb : to assign responsibility or authority a good manager knows how to delegate
delicate
[‘delikət] adj. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；易碎的；纤弱的；清淡可口的
Adj.1 : pleasing to the senses: a : generally pleasant the climate’s delicate, the air most sweet ?Shakespeare b : pleasing to the sense of taste or smell especially in a mild or subtle way a delicate aroma a robust wine will dominate delicate dishes c : marked by daintiness or charm of color, lines, or proportions a delicate floral print an ample tear trilled down her delicate cheek ?Shakespeare d : marked by fineness of structure, workmanship, or texture a delicate tracery a delicate lace
2 a : marked by keen sensitivity or fine discrimination delicate insights a more delicate syntactic analysis ?R. H. Robins b : FASTIDIOUS, SQUEAMISH a person of delicate tastes
3 a : not robust in health or constitution : WEAK, SICKLY had been considered a delicate child b : easily torn or damaged : FRAGILE the delicate chain of life
4 a : requiring careful handling: (1) : easily unsettled or upset a delicate balance the delicate relationships defined by the Constitution ?New Yorker (2) : requiring skill or tact in a delicate position delicate negotiations a delicate operation (3) : involving matters of a deeply personal nature : SENSITIVE this is a delicate matter. Could I possibly speak to you alone ?Daphne Du Maurier b : marked by care, skill, or tact delicate handling of a difficult situation
5 : marked by great precision or sensitivity a delicate instrument
synonyms see CHOICE
Noun.: something delicate
delinquent
[di’liŋkwənt] adj. 有过失的；怠忽的；拖欠债务的
n. 流氓；行为不良的人；失职者
Noun. : a delinquent person
Adj.1 : offending by neglect or violation of duty or of law
2 : being overdue in payment a delinquent charge account
3 : of, relating to, or characteristic of delinquents : marked by delinquency delinquent behavior
delirium
[di’liriəm] n. 精神错乱；发狂，狂热；说谵语状态
Noun.1 : an acute mental disturbance characterized by confused thinking and disrupted attention usually accompanied by disordered speech and hallucinations
2 : frenzied excitement he would stride about his room in a delirium of joy ?Thomas Wolfe
delusion
[di’lu:ʒən] n. 迷惑，欺骗；错觉；幻想
Noun.1 : the act of deluding : the state of being deluded
2 a : something that is falsely or delusively believed or propagated b : a persistent false psychotic belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that is maintained despite indisputable evidence to the contrary; also : the abnormal state marked by such beliefs
deluxe
[də’luks, də’lʌks] adj. 高级的；豪华的，奢华的
adv. 豪华地
Adj.: notably luxurious, elegant, or expensive a deluxe edition deluxe hotels
delve
[delv] vi. 钻研；探究；[英古]挖 vt. 钻研；探究；[英古]挖 n. [古]穴；洞 Transitive verb archaic : EXCAVATE intransitive verb 1 : to dig or labor with or as if with a spade 2 a : to make a careful or detailed search for information *delved into the past* b : to examine a subject in detail *the book delves into the latest research* Noun.archaic : CAVE, HOLLOW
demagogue
[‘deməɡɔɡ] n. 煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家
Noun.1 : a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power
2 : a leader championing the cause of the common people in ancient times
intransitive verb : to behave like a demagogue
transitive verb : to treat (as an issue) in a demagogic manner
demarcate
[‘diːmɑːkeɪt] vt. 划分界线；区别
vt.1 : DELIMIT
2 : to set apart : DISTINGUISH demarcate teachers as mentor, master and model teachers based on their level of education ?Shanay Cadette
demeanour
[dɪ’miːnə] n. 举止，行为
demented
[di’mentid] adj. 发狂的，疯狂的；精神错乱的
v. 精神错乱；变得痴呆（dement的过去分词）
Adj.1 : MAD, INSANE
2 : suffering from or exhibiting cognitive dementia
demolition
[,demə’liʃən] n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏
Noun.1 : the act of demolishing; especially : destruction in war by means of explosives
2 plural : explosives for destruction in war
demonstrative
[di’mɔnstrətiv] adj. 说明的；证明的；公开表露感情的
n. 指示词
adj.1 a : demonstrating as real or true b : characterized or established by demonstration
2 : pointing out the one referred to and distinguishing it from others of the same class demonstrative pronouns
3 a : marked by display of feeling b : inclined to display feelings openly
Noun. : a demonstrative word or morpheme
demoralize
[di’mɔrəlaiz] vt. 使道德败坏；使堕落；使士气低落
vt.1 : to corrupt the morals of
2 a : to weaken the morale of : DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT b : to upset or destroy the normal functioning of c : to throw into disorder
demote
[,di:’məut] vt. 使降级；使降职
vt.1 : to reduce to a lower grade or rank
2 : to relegate to a less important position
demure
[di’mjuə] adj. 端庄的；娴静的；严肃的；假装正直的
Adj.1 : RESERVED, MODEST
2 : affectedly modest, reserved, or serious : COY
den
[den] n. 贼窝，私室；兽穴，窝巢；小房间
vi. 藏到洞里；住在肮脏简陋的小房间里
vt. 把……赶进洞穴
Noun.1 : the lair of a wild usually predatory animal
2 a (1) : a hollow or cavern used especially as a hideout (2) : a center of secret activity b : a small usually squalid dwelling
3 : a comfortable usually secluded room
4 : a subdivision of a Cub Scout pack made up of two or more boys
intransitive verb : to live in or retire to a den polar bears den in ice caves or snowdrifts
transitive verb : to drive into a den
dentures
[‘dɛntʃɚz] n. 假牙；补齿（常用复数）
denude
[di’nju:d] vt. 剥夺；使裸露
vt.1 : to deprive of something important
2 a : to strip of all covering or surface layers b : to lay bare by erosion c : to strip (land) of forests
denunciate
[dɪ’nʌnsɪeɪt] vt. 谴责；公开指责；公然抨击（等于denounce）
depose
[di’pəuz] vt. 免职；作证；废黜
vi. 宣誓作证
Transitive verb
1 : to remove from a throne or other high position
2 : to put down : DEPOSIT
3 [Middle English, from Medieval Latin deponere, from Late Latin] a : to testify to under oath or by affidavit b : AFFIRM, ASSERT c : to take a deposition of depose a witness
intransitive verb : to bear witness
deposit
[di’pɔzit] n. 存款；保证金；沉淀物
vt. 使沉积；存放
vi. 沉淀
Transitive verb
1 : to place especially for safekeeping or as a pledge; especially : to put in a bank
2 a : to lay down : PLACE b : to let fall (as sediment)
intransitive verb : to become deposited
Noun.1 : the state of being deposited
2 : something placed for safekeeping: as a : money deposited in a bank b : money given as a pledge or down payment
3 : a place of deposit : DEPOSITORY
4 : an act of depositing
5 a : something laid down; especially : matter deposited by a natural process b : a natural accumulation (as of iron ore, coal, or gas)
depraved
[dɪ’preɪvd] adj. 堕落的；腐化的；卑鄙的
v. 使腐化（deprave的过去式和过去分词）
Adj.: marked by corruption or evil; especially : PERVERTED
depravity
[di’prævəti] n. 堕落；邪恶
Noun.1 : a corrupt act or practice
2 : the quality or state of being depraved
depredation
[,depri’deiʃən] n. 掠夺；破坏，破坏痕迹
Noun.1 a : the act of depredating or the state of being depredated : an act of plundering, despoiling, or making inroads b depredations plural : RAVAGES trying to ease the depredations of the disease
2 Scots law : the forcible driving away of cattle in large numbers
depressed
[di’prest] adj. 沮丧的；萧条的；压低的
v. 使沮丧；使萧条（depress的过去式和过去分词形式）；压低
Adj.1 : low in spirits : SAD; especially : affected by psychological depression
2 a : vertically flattened a depressed cactus b : having the central part lower than the margin c : lying flat or prostrate d : dorsoventrally flattened
3 : suffering from economic depression; especially : UNDERPRIVILEGED
4 : being below the standard
depression
[di’preʃən] n. 沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁
Noun.1 a : the angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon b : the size of an angle of depression
2 : an act of depressing or a state of being depressed: as a : a pressing down : LOWERING b (1) : a state of feeling sad : DEJECTION (2) : a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies c (1) : a reduction in activity, amount, quality, or force (2) : a lowering of vitality or functional activity
3 : a depressed place or part : HOLLOW
4 : LOW 1b
5 : a period of low general economic activity marked especially by rising levels of unemployment
deprivation
[,depri’veiʃən] n. 剥夺；损失；免职
Noun.1 : the state of being deprived : PRIVATION; especially : removal from an office, dignity, or benefice
2 : an act or instance of depriving : LOSS
depute
[di’pju:t] vt. 委任；授权给；指定…为代理人
vt. : DELEGATE
deputize
[‘depjʊtaɪz] vt. 指定…为代理；授权…为代表
vi. 代理；代表
Transitive verb : to appoint as deputy
intransitive verb : to act as deputy
deputy
[‘depjuti] n. 代理人，代表
adj. 副的；代理的
noun.1 a : a person appointed as a substitute with power to act b : a second in command or assistant who usually takes charge when his or her superior is absent
2 : a member of the lower house of some legislative assemblies
deracinate
[di’ræsineit] vt. 灭绝，根除；使孤立，使隔绝
vt.1 : UPROOT
2 : to remove or separate from a native environment or culture; especially : to remove the racial or ethnic characteristics or influences from
dereliction
[,deri’likʃən] n. 玩忽职守；抛弃物；遗弃
Noun.1 a : an intentional abandonment b : the state of being abandoned
2 : a recession of water leaving permanently dry land
3 a : intentional or conscious neglect : DELINQUENCY dereliction of duty b : FAULT, SHORTCOMING
derivation
[,deri’veiʃən] n. 引出；来历；词源
Noun.1 a (1) : the formation of a word from another word or base (as by the addition of a usually noninflectional affix) (2) : an act of ascertaining or stating the derivation of a word (3) : ETYMOLOGY 1 b : the relation of a word to its base
2 a : SOURCE, ORIGIN b : DESCENT, ORIGINATION
3 : something derived : DERIVATIVE
4 : an act or process of deriving
5 : a sequence of statements (as in logic or mathematics) showing that a result is a necessary consequence of previously accepted statements
derogate
[‘derəuɡeit, -git, -geit] vi. 减损；贬损
vt. 毁损；贬低；诽谤
Transitive verb : to cause to seem inferior : DISPARAGE
intransitive verb
1 : to take away a part so as to impair : DETRACT
2 : to act beneath one’s position or character
desert
[‘dezət] vt. 遗弃；放弃；逃跑
vi. 遗弃；开小差；逃掉
n. 沙漠；荒原；应得的赏罚
adj. 沙漠的；荒凉的；不毛的
Noun.1 a : arid land with usually sparse vegetation; especially : such land having a very warm climate and receiving less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of sporadic rainfall annually b : an area of water apparently devoid of life
2 archaic : a wild uninhabited and uncultivated tract
3 : a desolate or forbidding area lost in a desert of doubt
Adj.1 : desolate and sparsely occupied or unoccupied a desert island
2 : of or relating to a desert
3 archaic : FORSAKEN
Noun.1 : the quality or fact of deserving reward or punishment
2 : deserved reward or punishment ? usually used in plural got their just deserts
3 : EXCELLENCE, WORTH
transitive verb
1 : to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return desert a town
2 a : to leave in the lurch desert a friend in trouble b : to abandon (military service) without leave
intransitive verb : to quit one’s post, allegiance, or service without leave or justification; especially : to abandon military duty without leave and without intent to return
synonyms see ABANDON
deserter
[di’zə:tə(r)] n. 逃兵；背弃者；擅离职守者；脱党者
Noun.: one who forsakes a duty, a cause, or anyone to whom he owes service; especially : a member of a military force who deserts
desiccate
[‘desikeit] vi. 变干
vt. 使干；干贮
Transitive verb
1 : to dry up
2 : to preserve (a food) by drying : DEHYDRATE
3 : to drain of emotional or intellectual vitality
intransitive verb : to become dried up
desideratum
[dɪ,zɪdə’rɑːtəm; -‘reɪtəm; -,sɪd-] n. 迫切需要之物；所愿望之物
Noun.: something desired as essential
desist
[di’zist] vi. 停止；断念
vi.: to cease to proceed or act
synonyms see STOP
desolate
[‘desələt, ‘desəleit] adj. 荒凉的；无人烟的
vt. 使荒凉；使孤寂
Adj.1 : devoid of inhabitants and visitors : DESERTED
2 : joyless, disconsolate, and sorrowful through or as if through separation from a loved one a desolate widow
3 a : showing the effects of abandonment and neglect : DILAPIDATED a desolate old house b : BARREN, LIFELESS a desolate landscape c : devoid of warmth, comfort, or hope : GLOOMY desolate memories
synonyms see ALONE, DISMAL
vt.to make desolate: a : to deprive of inhabitants b : to lay waste c : FORSAKE d : to make wretched
despise
[di’spaiz] vt. 轻视，鄙视
vt.1 : to look down on with contempt or aversion despised the weak
2 : to regard as negligible, worthless, or distasteful
despoil
[di’spɔil] vt. 掠夺，剥夺；夺取
vt.: to strip of belongings, possessions, or value : PILLAGE
synonyms see RAVAGE
despotic
[de’spɔtik, des’pɔtikəl] adj. 暴虐的，暴君的；专横的
Adj. : of, relating to, or characteristic of a despot
despotism
[‘despətizəm] n. 专制，独裁；专制政治
Noun.1 a : rule by a despot b : despotic exercise of power
2 a : a system of government in which the ruler has unlimited power : ABSOLUTISM b : a despotic state
destitute
[‘destitju:t] adj. 穷困的；无的；缺乏的
n. 赤贫者
vt. 使穷困；夺去
Adj.1 : lacking something needed or desirable a lake destitute of fish
2 : lacking possessions and resources; especially : suffering extreme poverty a destitute old man
destitution
[,desti’tju:ʃən] n. 穷困；缺乏
Noun.: the state of being destitute; especially : such extreme want as threatens life unless relieved
synonyms see POVERTY
destructible
[dɪ’strʌktɪb(ə)l] adj. 可破坏的；易损坏的
Adj.: capable of being destroyed
desuetude
[‘deswɪtjuːd; də’sjuːətjuːd] n. 废止；不用
Noun.: discontinuance from use or exercise : DISUSE
detach
[di’tætʃ] vt. 分离；派遣；使超然
vt.1 : to separate especially from a larger mass and usually without violence or damage
2 : DISENGAGE, WITHDRAW
detergent
[di’tə:dʒənt] n. 清洁剂；去垢剂
Adj.: that cleanses : CLEANSING a detergent oil
Noun.: a cleansing agent: as a : SOAP b : any of numerous synthetic water-soluble or liquid organic preparations that are chemically different from soaps but are able to emulsify oils, hold dirt in suspension, and act as wetting agents c : an oil-soluble substance that holds insoluble foreign matter in suspension and is used in lubricating oils and dry-cleaning solvents
detonate
[‘detəneit] vt. 使爆炸
vi. 引爆，爆炸
Intransitive verb : to explode with sudden violence
transitive verb
1 : to cause to detonate detonate a bomb ? compare DEFLAGRATE
2 : to set off in a burst of activity : SPARK programs that detonated controversies
detonation
[,detə’neiʃən] n. 爆炸；爆炸声；爆发
Noun.1 : the action or process of detonating
2 : rapid combustion in an internal combustion engine that results in knocking
detraction
[di’trækʃən] n. 诽谤；减损
Noun.1 : a lessening of reputation or esteem especially by envious, malicious, or petty criticism : BELITTLING, DISPARAGEMENT
2 : a taking away it is no detraction from its dignity or prestige ?J. F. Golay
deviate
[‘di:vieit, ‘di:viət] vi. 脱离；越轨
vt. 使偏离
Intransitive verb
1 : to stray especially from a standard, principle, or topic
2 : to depart from an established course or norm a flight forced by weather to deviate south
transitive verb : to cause to turn out of a previous course
synonyms see SWERVE
Noun.1 : one that deviates from a norm; especially : a person who differs markedly from a group norm
2 : a statistical variable that gives the deviation of another variable from a fixed value (as the mean)
Adj. : departing significantly from the behavioral norms of a particular society deviate behavior
devise
[di’vaiz] vt. 设计；想出；发明；图谋；遗赠给
n. 遗赠
vt.1 a : to form in the mind by new combinations or applications of ideas or principles : INVENT devise a new strategy b archaic : CONCEIVE, IMAGINE c : to plan to obtain or bring about : PLOT devise one’s death
2 : to give (real estate) by will ? compare BEQUEATH
Noun.1 : the act of giving or disposing of real property by will
2 : a will or clause of a will disposing of real property
3 : property devised by will
devotee
[,devə’ti:] n. 信徒；爱好者
Noun.: an ardent follower, supporter, or enthusiast (as of a religion, art form, or sport)
devotional
[di’vəuʃənəl] adj. 虔诚的，祷告的；信仰的；献身的
Adj.: of, relating to, or characterized by devotion devotional literature
Noun.: a short worship service
dexterity
[dek’sterəti] n. 灵巧；敏捷；机敏
Noun.1 : mental skill or quickness : ADROITNESS
2 : readiness and grace in physical activity; especially : skill and ease in using the hands manual dexterity
diagnose
[‘daiəɡnəuz, ,daiəɡ’nəuz] vt. 诊断；断定
vi. 诊断；判断
Transitive verb
1 a : to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms b : to diagnose a disease or condition in diagnosed the patient
2 : to analyze the cause or nature of diagnose the problem
Intransitive verb : to make a diagnosis
diagram
[‘daiəɡræm] n. 图表；图解
vt. 用图解法表示
Noun.1 : a graphic design that explains rather than represents; especially : a drawing that shows arrangement and relations (as of parts)
2 : a line drawing made for mathematical or scientific purposes
vt.: to represent by or put into the form of a diagram diagram a sentence diagram a football play
diaphanous
[dai’æfənəs] adj. 透明的；精致的；模糊的
Adj.1 : characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit seeing through diaphanous fabrics
2 : characterized by extreme delicacy of form : ETHEREAL painted diaphanous landscapes
3 : INSUBSTANTIAL, VAGUE had only a diaphanous hope of success
diatribe
[‘daiətraib] n. 诽谤；恶骂
Noun.1 archaic : a prolonged discourse
2 : a bitter and abusive speech or writing
3 : ironic or satirical criticism
dicker
['dɪkə] n. 小生意；十张；十个 vi. 易货；做小生意；讨价还价 Noun.: the number or quantity of 10 especially of hides or skins vi.: BARGAIN *dickered over the price* Noun.1 : BARTER 2 : an act or session of bargaining
dictator
[dik’teitə, ‘dikteitə] n. 独裁者；命令者
Noun.1 a : a person granted absolute emergency power; especially : one appointed by the senate of ancient Rome b : one holding complete autocratic control c : one ruling absolutely and often oppressively
2 : one that dictates
dictum
[‘dɪktəm] n. 格言；声明；法官的附带意见
Noun.1 : a noteworthy statement: as a : a formal pronouncement of a principle, proposition, or opinion b : an observation intended or regarded as authoritative
2 : a judge’s expression of opinion on a point other than the precise issue involved in determining a case
differentiate
[,difə’renʃieit] vi. 区分，区别
vt. 区分，区别
Transitive verb
1 : to obtain the mathematical derivative of
2 : to mark or show a difference in : constitute a difference that distinguishes
3 : to develop differential characteristics in
4 : to cause differentiation of in the course of development
5 : to express the specific distinguishing quality of : DISCRIMINATE
intransitive verb
1 : to recognize or give expression to a difference
2 : to become distinct or different in character
3 : to undergo differentiation
diffuse
[di’fju:s] adj. 弥漫的；散开的
vt. 扩散；传播；漫射
vi. 传播；四散
Adj.1 : being at once verbose and ill-organized
2 : not concentrated or localized diffuse sclerosis diffuse lighting
synonyms see WORDY
transitive verb
1 a : to pour out and permit or cause to spread freely b : EXTEND, SCATTER c : to spread thinly or wastefully
2 : to subject to diffusion; especially : to break up and distribute (incident light) by reflection
intransitive verb
1 : to spread out or become transmitted especially by contact
2 : to undergo diffusion
digestion
[di:dʒestʃən, dai-] n. 消化；领悟
Noun.: the action, process, or power of digesting: as a : the process of making food absorbable by dissolving it and breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds that occurs in the living body chiefly through the action of enzymes secreted into the alimentary canal b : the process in sewage treatment by which organic matter in sludge is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria with the release of a burnable mixture of gases
dignity
[‘diɡnəti] n. 尊严；高贵
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being worthy, honored, or esteemed
2 a : high rank, office, or position b : a legal title of nobility or honor
3 archaic : DIGNITARY
4 : formal reserve or seriousness of manner, appearance, or language
digress
[dai’ɡres] vi. 离题；走向岔道
vi.: to turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument
synonyms see SWERVE
digression
[dai’ɡreʃən] n. 离题；脱轨
Noun.1 : the act or an instance of digressing in a discourse or other usually organized literary work
2 archaic : a going aside
dilapidate
[di’læpideit] vi. 毁坏；荒废；浪费
vt. 荒废；毁坏
Transitive verb
1 : to bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin furniture is dilapidated by use ?Janet Flanner
2 archaic : SQUANDER
intransitive verb : to become dilapidated
dilemma
[di’lemə, ,dai-] n. 困境；进退两难；[逻]两刀论法
Noun.1 : an argument presenting two or more equally conclusive alternatives against an opponent
2 a : a usually undesirable or unpleasant choice faces this dilemma: raise interest rates and slow the economy or lower them and risk serious inflation b : a situation involving such a choice here am I brought to a very pretty dilemma; I must commit murder or commit matrimony ?George Farquhar; broadly : PREDICAMENT lords and bailiffs were in a terrible dilemma ?G. M. Trevelyan
3 a : a problem involving a difficult choice the dilemma of liberty versus order ?J. M. Burns b : a difficult or persistent problem unemploymentTthe great central dilemma of our advancing technology ?August Heckscher
diligence
[‘dilidʒəns] n. 勤奋，勤勉；[法]注意的程度
Noun.1 a : persevering application : ASSIDUITY b obsolete : SPEED, HASTE
2 : the attention and care legally expected or required of a person (as a party to a contract)
Noun. : STAGECOACH
dillydally
[‘dɪlɪdælɪ] vi. 磨蹭
vi. : to waste time by loitering or delaying : DAWDLE
dim
[dim] adj. 暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的 vt. 使暗淡，使失去光泽；使变模糊 vi. 变模糊，变暗淡 n. [美俚]笨蛋，傻子 Adj.1 a : emitting or having a limited or insufficient amount of light *dim stars* *a dim lamp* *a dim hallway* b : DULL, LUSTERLESS *dim colors* c : lacking pronounced, clear-cut, or vigorous quality or character *a dim echo of the past* 2 a : seen indistinctly *a dim outline* b : perceived by the senses or mind indistinctly or weakly : FAINT *had only a dim notion of what was going on* c : having little prospect of favorable result or outcome *a dim future* d : characterized by an unfavorable, skeptical, or pessimistic attitude ? usually used in the phrase take a dim view of 3 : not perceiving clearly and distinctly *dim eyes* 4 : DIM-WITTED transitive verb 1 : to make dim or lusterless 2 : to reduce the light from intransitive verb : to become dim Noun.1 archaic : DUSK, DIMNESS 2 : LOW BEAM Abbreviation.1 dimension 2 diminished 3 diminuendo 4 diminutive
dimple
[dimpl] vt. 使起涟漪；使现酒窝
n. 酒窝；涟漪；浅凹
vi. 出现酒窝；起涟漪
Noun.1 : a slight natural indentation in the surface of some part of the human body
2 : a depression or indentation on a surface (as of a golf ball)transitive verb : to mark with dimples
intransitive verb : to exhibit or form dimples
dingy
[dindʒi] adj. 昏暗的；肮脏的
Adj.1 : DIRTY, UNCLEAN
2 : SHABBY, SQUALID
dint
[dint] n. 凹痕 vt. 击出凹痕 Noun.1 archaic : BLOW, STROKE 2 : FORCE, POWER 3 : 2DENT vt.1 : to make a dent in 2 : to impress or drive in with force
dire
[‘daiə] adj. 可怕的；悲惨的；极端的
Adj.1 a : exciting horror dire suffering b : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE dire days
2 : warning of disaster a dire forecast
3 a : desperately urgent dire need b : EXTREME dire poverty
disaffect
[,disə’fekt] vt. 使疏远；使不满意；使成为敌人
vt.: to alienate the affection or loyalty of; also : to fill with discontent and unrest
disaster
[,di’zɑ:stə] n. 灾难，灾祸；不幸
Noun.1 obsolete : an unfavorable aspect of a planet or star
2 : a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or destruction; broadly : a sudden or great misfortune or failure the party was a disaster
disavow
[,disə’vau] vt. 否认，否定；抵赖；拒绝对…的责任
vt.1 : to deny responsibility for : REPUDIATE
2 : to refuse to acknowledge or accept : DISCLAIM party leaders disavowed him
disburse
[dis’bə:s] vt. 支付；支出
vt.1 a : to pay out : expend especially from a fund disburse money b : to make a payment in settlement of disburse a bill
2 : DISTRIBUTE
discern
[di’sə:n, -‘zə:n] vt. 识别；领悟，认识
vi. 看清楚，辨别
Transitive verb
1 a : to detect with the eyes discerned a figure approaching through the fog b : to detect with senses other than vision discerned a strange odor
2 : to recognize or identify as separate and distinct : DISCRIMINATE discern right from wrong
3 : to come to know or recognize mentally unable to discern his motives
intransitive verb : to see or understand the difference
disclaim
[dis'kleim] vt. 否认，拒绝；放弃，弃权；拒绝承认 vi. 否认；放弃；弃权 Intransitive verb 1 : to make a disclaimer 2 a obsolete : to disavow all part or share b : to utter denial transitive verb 1 : to renounce a legal claim to 2 : DENY, DISAVOW *disclaimed any knowledge of the contents of the letter*
disclose
[dis'kləuz] vt. 公开；揭露 vt.1 obsolete : to open up 2 a : to expose to view b archaic : HATCH c : to make known or public *demands that politicians disclose the sources of their income* synonyms see REVEAL Noun. obsolete : DISCLOSURE
discombobulated
[,dɪskəm’bɒbjʊleɪt] vt. 使混乱；使泄气；使困惑
discord
[‘diskɔ:d, dis’kɔ:d] n. 不和；不调和；嘈杂声
vi. 不一致；刺耳
Noun.1 a : lack of agreement or harmony (as between persons, things, or ideas) b : active quarreling or conflict resulting from discord among persons or factions : STRIFE
2 a (1) : a combination of musical sounds that strikes the ear harshly (2) : DISSONANCE b : a harsh or unpleasant sound
vi.: DISAGREE, CLASH
discrepancy
[dis’krepənsi] n. 不符；矛盾；相差
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being discrepant
2 : an instance of being discrepant
discretionary
[dis’kreʃənəri] adj. 任意的；自由决定的
Adj.1 : left to discretion : exercised at one’s own discretion
2 : available for discretionary use discretionary purchasing power
discriminate
[dis’krimineit, dis’kriminət] vt. 歧视；区别；辨别
vi. 歧视；区别；辨别
Transitive verb
1 a : to mark or perceive the distinguishing or peculiar features of b : DISTINGUISH, DIFFERENTIATE discriminate hundreds of colors
2 : to distinguish by discerning or exposing differences; especially : to distinguish from another like object
intransitive verb
1 a : to make a distinction discriminate among historical sources b : to use good judgment
2 : to make a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than individual merit discriminate in favor of your friends discriminate against a certain nationality
disembodied
[,dɪsɪm’bɑdɪd] adj. 空洞的；无实质的；无实体的
Adj.: lacking substance, solidity, or reality that would normally be expected to be present disembodied beliefs and ideals a life in which people are trained to hide their passions and act generally in a disembodied way?David Riesman
disenchant
[,disin’tʃɑ:nt, -‘tʃænt] vt. 使清醒；使不抱幻想
vt. : to free from illusion
disengage
[,disin’ɡeidʒ] vt. 使脱离；解开；解除
vi. 脱出；松开
Transitive verb : to release from something that engages or involves
intransitive verb : to release or detach oneself : WITHDRAW
disentangle
[,disin’tæŋɡl] vi. 解决；松开；解开纠结；解决（纠纷）
vt. 解开；松开；使解脱
Transitive verb : to free from entanglement : UNRAVEL
intransitive verb : to become disentangled
synonyms see EXTRICATE
disfigure
[dis’fiɡə] vt. 使变丑；损毁…的外形；使大为减色
vt.1 : to impair (as in beauty) by deep and persistent injuries a face disfigured by smallpox
2 obsolete : DISGUISE
disfranchise
[dɪs’fræn(t)ʃaɪz] vt. 剥夺公民权；剥夺推举议员权
vt. : DISENFRANCHISE
disgruntle
[dis’ɡrʌntl] vt. 使……不高兴
vt. : to make ill-humored or discontented ? usually used as a participial adjective they were a very disgruntled crew ?Flannery O’Connor
disguise
[dis’ɡaiz] vt. 掩饰；假装；隐瞒
n. 伪装；假装；用作伪装的东西
vt.1 a : to change the customary dress or appearance of b : to furnish with a false appearance or an assumed identity
2 obsolete : DISFIGURE
3 : to obscure the existence or true state or character of : CONCEAL unable to disguise his true feelings
Noun.1 : apparel assumed to conceal one’s identity or counterfeit another’s
2 : the act of disguising
3 a : form misrepresenting the true nature of something blessings in disguise b : an artificial manner : PRETENSE threw off all disguise
disgust
[dis’ɡʌst] n. 厌恶，嫌恶
vt. 使厌恶；使作呕
Noun.: marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful : REPUGNANCE
transitive verb
1 : to provoke to loathing, repugnance, or aversion : be offensive to
2 : to cause (one) to lose an interest or intention
intransitive verb : to cause disgust
dishevel
[di’ʃevəl] vt. 使蓬乱；使头发凌乱；弄乱
vt.: to throw into disorder or disarray
disheveled
[di’ʃevəld] adj. 不整洁的；凌乱的
v. 使（头发等）蓬松（dishevel的过去分词）
Adj.: marked by disorder or disarray disheveled hair
disinter
[,disin’tə:] vt. 掘出；发掘；显露
vt.1 : to take out of the grave or tomb
2 : to bring back into awareness or prominence; also : to bring to light : UNEARTH
disjunction
[dis’dʒʌŋkʃən] n. 分离；析取；分裂；折断
Noun.1 : a sharp cleavage : DISUNION, SEPARATION the disjunction between theory and practice
2 : a compound sentence in logic formed by joining two simple statements by or: a : INCLUSIVE DISJUNCTION b : EXCLUSIVE DISJUNCTION
dislocate
[‘disləukeit] vt. 使脱臼；使混乱
vt.1 : to put out of place; specifically : to displace (a bone) from normal connections with another bone
2 : to force a change in the usual status, relationship, or order of : DISRUPT
dismantle
[dis’mæntl] vt. 拆除；取消；解散；除掉…的覆盖物
vi. 可拆卸
vt.1 : to take to pieces; also : to destroy the integrity or functioning of
2 : to strip of dress or covering : DIVEST
3 : to strip of furniture and equipment
dismay
[dis’mei] n. 沮丧，灰心；惊慌
vt. 使沮丧；使惊慌
vt.1 : to cause to lose courage or resolution (as because of alarm or fear) must not let ourselves be dismayed by the task before us
2 : UPSET, PERTURB were dismayed by the condition of the building
Noun.1 : sudden loss of courage or resolution from alarm or fear
2 a : sudden disappointment b : PERTURBATION 1
disparity
[dis’pærəti] n. 不同；不一致；不等
Noun.: the state of being disparate : marked difference (as in age, rank, grade, condition, quantity, quality, or kind) : DISSIMILARITY, INEQUALITY shocking disparity between the rich and the poor?A.E.Stevenson b.1900 the present disparity between the military resources and her [Poland’s] will to fight?O.D.Tolischus the tragicomic disparity which exists between man’s aspirations and his accomplishments, between his yearning and his attaining?B.R.Redman
dispatch
[dis’pætʃ] n. 派遣；急件
vt. 派遣；[计算机]分派
Transitive verb
1 : to send off or away with promptness or speed; especially : to send off on official business
2 a : to kill with quick efficiency b obsolete : DEPRIVE
3 : to dispose of (as a task) rapidly or efficiently
4 : DEFEAT 3
intransitive verb , archaic : to make haste : HURRY
synonyms see KILL
Noun.1 a : a message sent with speed; especially : an important official message sent by a diplomatic, military, or naval officer b : a news item filed by a correspondent
2 : the act of dispatching: as a obsolete : DISMISSAL b : the act of killing c (1) : prompt settlement (as of an item of business) (2) : quick riddance d : a sending off : SHIPMENT
3 : promptness and efficiency in performance or transmission done with dispatch
synonyms see HASTE
dispense
[dis’pens] vt. 分配，分发；免除；执行
vi. 免除，豁免
Transitive verb
1 a : to deal out in portions b : ADMINISTER dispense justice
2 : to give dispensation to : EXEMPT
3 : to prepare and distribute (medication)
intransitive verb , archaic : to grant dispensation
synonyms see DISTRIBUTE
disport
[dis'pɔ:t] vt. 使欢娱；使快乐 vi. 娱乐；玩耍 n. 娱乐 Noun. archaic : SPORT, PASTIME transitive verb 1 : DIVERT, AMUSE 2 : DISPLAY intransitive verb : to amuse oneself in light or lively fashion : FROLIC
dispose
[dis'pəuz] vt. 处理；处置；安排 vi. 处理；安排；（能够）决定 n. 处置；性情 Transitive verb 1 : to give a tendency to : INCLINE *faulty diet disposes one to sickness* 2 a : to put in place : set in readiness : ARRANGE *disposing troops for withdrawal* b obsolete : REGULATE c : BESTOW intransitive verb 1 : to settle a matter finally 2 obsolete : to come to terms synonyms see INCLINE Noun.1 obsolete : DISPOSAL 2 obsolete a : DISPOSITION b : DEMEANOR
disposed
[dis’pəuzd] adj. 有…倾向的；打算做…的；有某种健康状态的
v. 处理；配置；使适应（dispose的过去分词）；使有倾向
Adj.1 : having a particular temperament, disposition, or tendency or being of a particular frame of mind or condition of bodily health a dog that is disposed to bite a man generally disposed to love his fellow men a man well disposed in all physical qualities a young boy already criminally disposed those disposed to violate or evade the decrees of the sovereign?M.R.Cohen
2 obsolete : MERRY, JOLLY, MIRTHFUL, HAPPY
disproof
[dis’pru:f] n. 反证；反驳；反证物；反驳的证据
Noun.1 : the action of disproving
2 : evidence that disproves
disruptive
[dis’rʌptiv] adj. 破坏的；分裂性的；制造混乱的
Adj.: causing or tending to cause disruption disruptive movements trying to go faster than the main body of the party wishes to go?Harry Walston pragmatically, religion is necessary to the average individual to overcome the shattering disruptive anticipation of death, of disaster, and of destiny?B.K.Malinowski
Noun.: HIGH EXPLOSIVE
dissemble
[di’sembl] vt. 掩饰，掩盖；假装
vi. 隐藏，掩饰（思想、感情等）
Transitive verb
1 : to hide under a false appearance
2 : to put on the appearance of : SIMULATE
intransitive verb : to put on a false appearance : conceal facts, intentions, or feelings under some pretense
dissertation
[,disə’teiʃən] n. 论文，专题；学术演讲
Noun.: an extended usually written treatment of a subject; specifically : one submitted for a doctorate
dissimulate
[dɪ’sɪmjʊleɪt] vt. 掩饰；假装；装糊涂
vi. 掩饰；假装；装糊涂
Transitive verb : to hide under a false appearance smiled to dissimulate her urgency ?Alice Glenday
intransitive verb : DISSEMBLE
dissociate
[di'səuʃieit] vt. 游离；使分离；分裂 vi. 游离；分离；分裂 Transitive verb 1 : to separate from association or union with another *attempts to dissociate herself from her past* 2 : DISUNITE; specifically : to subject to chemical dissociation intransitive verb 1 : to undergo dissociation 2 : to mutate especially reversibly
dissociation
[di,səuʃi’eiʃən] n. 分解，分离；分裂
Noun.1 : the act or process of dissociating : the state of being dissociated: as a : the process by which a chemical combination breaks up into simpler constituents; especially : one that results from the action of energy (as heat) on a gas or of a solvent on a dissolved substance b : the separation of whole segments of the personality (as in multiple personality disorder) or of discrete mental processes (as in the schizophrenias) from the mainstream of consciousness or of behavior
2 : the property inherent in some biological stocks (as of certain bacteria) of differentiating into two or more distinct and relatively permanent strains; also : such a strain
dissolute
[‘disəlju:t] adj. 放荡的；风流的
Adj.: lacking restraint; especially : marked by indulgence in things (as drink or promiscuous sex) deemed vices the dissolute and degrading aspects of human nature ?Wallace Fowlie
dissuade
[di’sweid] vt. 劝阻，劝止
vt.1 a : to advise (a person) against something b archaic : to advise against (an action)
2 : to turn from something by persuasion unable to dissuade him from going
distain
[dɪs’teɪn] vt. 使…变色；将…弄脏；伤害…的名誉
vt.1 archaic : STAIN
2 archaic : DISHONOR
distaste
[,dis'teist] n. 厌恶；讨厌 vt. 厌恶；不喜欢 vi. [废]不喜欢 Transitive verb 1 archaic : to feel aversion to 2 archaic : OFFEND, DISPLEASE intransitive verb , obsolete : to have an offensive taste Noun.1 a archaic : dislike of food or drink b : AVERSION, DISINCLINATION *a distaste for opera* 2 obsolete : ANNOYANCE, DISCOMFORT
distrait
[dɪ’streɪ; ‘dɪstreɪ] adj. （法）心不在焉的（因烦恼、忧惧等）
Adj.: apprehensively divided or withdrawn in attention : DISTRACTED
distress
[di’stres] n. 危难，不幸；贫困；悲痛
vt. 使悲痛；使贫困
Noun.1 a : seizure and detention of the goods of another as pledge or to obtain satisfaction of a claim by the sale of the goods seized b : something that is distrained
2 a : pain or suffering affecting the body, a bodily part, or the mind : TROUBLE gastric distress b : a painful situation : MISFORTUNE
3 : a state of danger or desperate need a ship in distress
vt.1 : to subject to great strain or difficulties homes distressed by poverty
2 archaic : to force or overcome by inflicting pain
3 : to cause to worry or be troubled : UPSET don’t let the news distress you
4 : to mar (as clothing or wood) deliberately to give an effect of age a distressed table
Adj.1 : offered for sale at a loss distress merchandise
2 : involving distress goods a distress sale
district
[‘distrikt] n. 区域；地方；行政区
Noun.1 a : a territorial division (as for administrative or electoral purposes) b : the basic administrative unit for local government in Northern Ireland
2 : an area, region, or section with a distinguishing character a shopping district
vt. : to divide or organize into districts
dither
[‘diðə] n. 发抖；递色；高频脉动
vi. 踌躇；发抖；犹豫
vi.1 : SHIVER, TREMBLE
2 : to act nervously or indecisively : VACILLATE
Noun.: a highly nervous, excited, or agitated state : EXCITEMENT, CONFUSION
