L3 - Confidence And Self-Efficacy Flashcards
What is sport confidence (Vealey, 1986)
The degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport
- comprises of three components (mental toughness, optimism, self-efficacy)
What is mental toughness?
- a natural or developed psychological edge
- enables better coping with the demands of performance
- able to remain determined, focused, confident and in control
What is optimism?
A tendency, expect the best possible outcome, dwell on the most hopeful aspects of a situation
What broadly speaking, is self-efficacy?
Belief that one can successfully execute the specific behaviour required to produce the desired outcome
What are the various measures used to measure confidence?
Task-specific self-efficacy measures
Sport specific confidence measures (TSCI, SSCI)
Qualitative and idiographic measures
What did Vealey and Chase (2008) find when looking at confidence and performance?
They found a positive and moderate relationship between confidence and performance
Gender differences depended upon: sex typing of attributes, performance feedback, conception of ability
What are the three sources of confidence?
Achievement
Self-regulation
Social climate
Do sources of confidence vary by gender?
Females are significantly higher in mastery, physical self-prep, social support, coach’s leadership and environmental comfort (Kingston, Lane and Thomas, 2010)
Do sources of confidence vary by time?
Demonstration of ability, physical self-preparation, situational favourableness, physical mental preparation all increase closer to competition
Basic premise of Bandura self-efficacy theory?
Performance accomplishments -> vicarious experiences -> verbal persuasion -> arousal
How can sport confidence be developed by performance accomplishments?
- enhance the probability of success
- guided participation
- goal setting
- performance plans and pre comp routines
How can vicarious experiences develop sport confidence?
- modelling, self-modelling and imagery all helpful
How can verbal persuasion develop sport confidence?
- positive statements from others
- evaluative feedback from others
- praise
- self-talk
- performance deception
How can emotional arousal help develop sport confidence?
- manipulate interpretations of arousal symptoms
- reduce arousal by relaxation techniques (diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation)
In summary, how can one develop confidence from Bandura (1977,1997) self efficacy theory?
4 components -> efficacy beliefs -> behaviour (choice/effort/persistence), cognitions (goals/attribution/decision making/ problem solving), affect (anxiety, arousal, depression, confidence, flow)
