L18 - Athlete Burnout

Question 1

What is athlete burnout?

Answer 1

” a psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced sense of performance accomplishments” (Maslach and Jackson, 1984)

Question 2

What is the 6 step cyclical diagram of burnout ?

Answer 2

Emotionally exhausted and fatigued -> reduced coping with demands -> adopts defensive coping strategy -> emotional strain -> negative self-evaluation -> reduced sense of PA

Question 3

How did Radeke et al (2002) define burnout in sport??

Answer 3

” A withdrawal from sport noted by a reduced sense of accomplishment, devaluation/resentment of sport and or physical/psychological exhaustion”

Question 4

Define overtraining?

Answer 4

” A syndrome that results when excessive, usually physical, overload on an athlete occurs without adequate rest” (Gould and Dieffenbach, 2002)

Question 5

Describe the negative training stress model (Silva, 1990)

The overtraining process

Answer 5

Overload -> overtrain -> overreach - A) positive overtraining (supercompensation) improved performance, B) maintenance, no change in performance, C) negative overtraining, burnout impaired performance

Question 6

Define staleness?

Answer 6

“An unexpected and long term loss of performance that cannot be attributed to factors such as illness and injury” (Raglin and Wilson, 2000)

Question 7

What are the consequences of burnout (Schaufeli and buunk, 2003)

Answer 7

Affective
Cognitive 
Physical
Behavioural
Motivational

Question 8

Provide example athletes of risk (Cresswell and Eklund, 2003)

Answer 8

• enduring negative mood shifts
• struggling to meet personal man obligations
• feelings of disappointment and frustration
• feeling physically tired
• difficultly communicating
• feel they receive inadequate support

Question 9

Give an example of a burntout athlete?

Answer 9

-mental physical exhaustion, feeling of isolation,low confidence, difficultly concentrations, opinion not valued, feel like career not moving forward

Question 10

What are the ways of monitoring burnout?

Answer 10

self - report measures -> athlete burnout questionnaire, recovery stress questionnaire

Mood states -> POMS, positive and negative affect schedule, training diary

Question 11

What are some early warning signs of burnout? (cresswell and Eklund, 2004)

Answer 11

• low frequency of burnout characteristics were associated with : - increased perceived control, increased satisfaction with social support
• high frequency of burnout characteristics associated with : - increased rugby hassles

Question 12

Describe the cognitive- affective stress model of burnout (Smith, 1986)

Answer 12

” A psychological, emotional and at times physical withdrawal from a formerly pursued and enjoyable activity in response to excessive stress or dissatisfaction”

See image on notes

Question 13

Discuss the unidimensional identity development and external control model (Coakley, 1992)

Answer 13

Considers burnout as a social problem

Athlete small part of circle
Sport a larger part of the circle

Question 14

Discuss the sport commitment model (Schmidt and Stein, 1991)

Answer 14

Have to be (entrapment) vs want to be (attraction)

Burnout is also related to athletes commitment

Question 15

What is the self-determination Theory explanation of burnout (Deci and Ryan, 2001)

Answer 15

Non self determined Self determined

Amotivation Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation

Question 16

Discuss motivational and affective shifts?

Answer 16

Less self determined motivation and negative affect = greater risk (Lemyre et al, 2006)

Question 17

When would certain methods be used to measure Burnout? (leymyre et al, 2007)

Answer 17

Pre - season -> sport motivation scale

End of season -> short overtraining symptoms Q (SOSQ), athlete burnout questionnaire (ABQ)

Question 18

Discuss Leymyre et al (2007) self determination model?

Answer 18

Self determination index negatively affects (total burnout score, reduced sense of accomplishment, emotional and physical exhaustion). Overtraining positively affects it.

Question 19

Discuss some other psychological factors involved with burnout (Goodger et al, 2007) ??

Answer 19

• decreased enjoyment, perceived control, coping, recovery from training
• increased trait anxiety, stress and mood disturbances

Question 20

What are the two different options for interventions?

Answer 20

Can be either proactive (prevent burnout)
Or reactive (manage burnout)

Question 21

What advice was given to young tennis players when trying to reduce burnout?

Answer 21

• play for own reasons, balance tennis with other things, try to make it fun, take time off to relax

Question 22

What did goodger state were possible interventions to burnout?

Answer 22

• identify early warning signs
• involve athlete in decision making
• schedule time outs
• plan for quality recovery
• utilise athlete input
• coach and parent support
• make it fun
• time and lifestyle management