L17: Higher Cortical Function- Language Flashcards
What is the definition of language
Sytematic means of communicating using conventionalised sounds, gestures and marks
What is speech
Expression of thoughts in spoken words. Speech if the final motor step in oral expression of language.
Which structure in the brain are involved in speech and language
Motor/sensory cortex
Brocas Area- inferior frontal gyrus
wernicke’s area- Superior temporal gyrus
Corticobulbar tract
Which cranial nerve supplies the larynx
Cranial nerve 10
Which cranial nerve supplies the tongue
Cranial nerve 12
What is the larynx
A voice generator
What is the oropharnyx
A voice modulator
Which structures in the brain modulate the input for speech
Corticobulbar pathway
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
What is phonation
Sound and volume
What is a disorder of phonation called
Dysphonia/ aphonia
What does a disorder of the articulation of the speech called
Dysarthria/anarthria
What is comprehension of the language and production of language called
Aphasia/ dysphasia
What are the key elements to language
Comprehension Repetition Fluency Naming Reading writing
What is expressive aphasia/dysphasia
When you have non fluent, aggramatical telegraphic nature of speech
Patient is unable to write properly
Patient is aware of the situation
Is language comprehension intact
Yes i.e they understand your language so if you tell them to close their eyes they can do it
Why does expressive aphasia/dysphasia occur
Due to a lesion at the inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere i.e Broca’s area
What does receptive aphasia/dysphasia present as
Patient comprehension and repetition is impaired
Speech is fluent but does not make sense and lacks meaning
Comprehension of written language is impaired
If you give the patient a common to a patient with receptive aphasia can they follow it
No
What lesion results in receptive aphasia/dysphasia
Lesion in the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere i.e wernickes area
What is dysphonia
Inability to produce sounds (phonation) properly using the vocal cords , voice is therefore hoarseness rough or breathy
What is aphonia
Phonation is not possible
What are the categorical causes of dysphonia/ aphonia
Structural Inflammatory Neuromuscular Systemic disease Other
What does structural causes involve
Cysts
Polyps
Nodules
Carcinoma
What does inflammatory causes involve
Allergy
Infection
Reflux
Smoking
What does neuromuscular causes involve
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Parkinson’s disease
Spasmodic dysphonia
What does systemic disease causes involve
Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism
Amyloidosis
What are the other causes
Psychogenic
Stress
Vocal strain
What does dysarthria/anarthira mean
Failure of articulation and difficulties to pronounce words secondary to weakness of the muscles that help to produce speech
What is receptive language disorder
Trouble understanding what others say
What is a expressive language disorder
Having problems sharing our thoughts ideas and feeling
