L17: Higher Cortical Function- Language

Question 1

What is the definition of language

Answer 1

Sytematic means of communicating using conventionalised sounds, gestures and marks

Question 2

What is speech

Answer 2

Expression of thoughts in spoken words. Speech if the final motor step in oral expression of language.

Question 3

Which structure in the brain are involved in speech and language

Answer 3

Motor/sensory cortex
Brocas Area- inferior frontal gyrus
wernicke’s area- Superior temporal gyrus
Corticobulbar tract

Question 4

Which cranial nerve supplies the larynx

Answer 4

Cranial nerve 10

Question 5

Which cranial nerve supplies the tongue

Answer 5

Cranial nerve 12

Question 6

What is the larynx

Answer 6

A voice generator

Question 7

What is the oropharnyx

Answer 7

A voice modulator

Question 8

Which structures in the brain modulate the input for speech

Answer 8

Corticobulbar pathway
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum

Question 9

What is phonation

Answer 9

Sound and volume

Question 10

What is a disorder of phonation called

Answer 10

Dysphonia/ aphonia

Question 11

What does a disorder of the articulation of the speech called

Answer 11

Dysarthria/anarthria

Question 12

What is comprehension of the language and production of language called

Answer 12

Aphasia/ dysphasia

Question 13

What are the key elements to language

Answer 13

Comprehension 
Repetition 
Fluency 
Naming 
Reading writing

Question 14

What is expressive aphasia/dysphasia

Answer 14

When you have non fluent, aggramatical telegraphic nature of speech
Patient is unable to write properly
Patient is aware of the situation

Question 15

Is language comprehension intact

Answer 15

Yes i.e they understand your language so if you tell them to close their eyes they can do it

Question 16

Why does expressive aphasia/dysphasia occur

Answer 16

Due to a lesion at the inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere i.e Broca’s area

Question 17

What does receptive aphasia/dysphasia present as

Answer 17

Patient comprehension and repetition is impaired
Speech is fluent but does not make sense and lacks meaning
Comprehension of written language is impaired

Question 18

If you give the patient a common to a patient with receptive aphasia can they follow it

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What lesion results in receptive aphasia/dysphasia

Answer 19

Lesion in the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere i.e wernickes area

Question 20

What is dysphonia

Answer 20

Inability to produce sounds (phonation) properly using the vocal cords , voice is therefore hoarseness rough or breathy

Question 21

What is aphonia

Answer 21

Phonation is not possible

Question 22

What are the categorical causes of dysphonia/ aphonia

Answer 22

Structural 
Inflammatory 
Neuromuscular 
Systemic disease
Other

Question 23

What does structural causes involve

Answer 23

Cysts
Polyps
Nodules
Carcinoma

Question 24

What does inflammatory causes involve

Answer 24

Allergy
Infection
Reflux
Smoking

Question 25

What does neuromuscular causes involve

Answer 25

Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Parkinson’s disease
Spasmodic dysphonia

Question 26

What does systemic disease causes involve

Answer 26

Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism
Amyloidosis

Question 27

What are the other causes

Answer 27

Psychogenic
Stress
Vocal strain

Question 28

What does dysarthria/anarthira mean

Answer 28

Failure of articulation and difficulties to pronounce words secondary to weakness of the muscles that help to produce speech

Question 29

What is receptive language disorder

Answer 29

Trouble understanding what others say

Question 30

What is a expressive language disorder

Answer 30

Having problems sharing our thoughts ideas and feeling