Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BAB > L02: Development And Anomalies Of Development Of CNS > Flashcards

L02: Development And Anomalies Of Development Of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Between which days does the first neurone become born in pre-natal period

A

22-26days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does it mean if the first neurones are born in 22-26 days

A

Mother doesn’t realise she is pregnant at this stage (22-26days) so environmental factors can affect the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does a just born infant have a fully developed brain

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At 12 months (post natal) what is the state of profileration

A

Majority of proliferation is complete but not all neurones are born.
It is only the majority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the first 3 years of postnatal period important

A

Neurone form circuits via synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what age is the brain mature in gross structures

A

20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Does development of the brain continue after 20 years

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 layers of cells in gastrulation

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the endoderm form in the neonate

A

Viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the mesoderm form in the neonate

A

Musculoskeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the ectoderm form in the neonate

A

Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 layers/regions of the ectoderm

A

Epidermis
Neural plate border
Neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does one part of the ectoderm from the neural plate

A

Physical cell to cell interaction when cell surface protein in that area allow the neural plate to form
Extracellular secreted molecules that come from the mesoderm and notochord to induce the ectoderm to from the neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is neuralation

A

Physical changes that occur in the ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

As a result of neuralation what structures are formed in the ectoderm

A

Neural grove of the neural plate

Neural folds of the neural plate border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After neuralation what happens to the neural folds

A

Neural folds fuse together to from the neural crest and neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the neural tube form

A

The CNS i.e spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the neural crest form

A

The cells bodies within the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can occur if there is a defective closure of the neural tube anteriorly

A

Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is anencephaly

A

A baby born with no or limited brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens if there is a defect in the close of the neural tube posteriorly

A

Spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the causes of neural tube closure defects

A
  • Problem of cell division that is dependent on folic acid

- gene defects that affect cell to cell interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to the neural tube that form the brain

A

Has swellings that represent the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

24
Q

What determines cells if they are anterior or posterior

A

Anterior posterior patterning

25
Q

What is anterior-posterior patterning

A

Signals that determine whether cells are anterior or posterior

26
Q

What signals tell the cell they are anterior to the brain

A

Signals secreted on cell surface

27
Q

Name an example of a cell surface signal that signals to anterior of brain

A

Dickkopt

28
Q

What signalling molecule are the anterior signals dependent on

A

Retinoic acid

29
Q

What is retinoic acid

A

A derivative of Vitamin A

30
Q

If a pregnant women takes EXCESS vitamin A what can happens to the anterior signalling

A

Interfere with the anterior signalling

31
Q

What is dorsal- ventral patterning

A

Signalling molecule which produce a protein in the ventral part of the developing brain to get cells to dorsal or ventral part

32
Q

What does the motor neurone in the ventral brain form

A

Cranial nerves

33
Q

What other neurones are found in the ventral brain

A

Dopaminergic neurones

Serotenergic neurones

34
Q

What does the grey matter of the cortex contain

A

Cell bodies

35
Q

What occurs in the grey matter of the cortex to organise neurones during development

A

1) proliferation
2) migration
3) differentiation

36
Q

Where does proliferation occur

A

Ventricular zone

37
Q

What does proliferation in the ventricular zone result in

A

New neurones being formed

38
Q

What happens to the baby neurones in the ventricles after they have been produced

A

Migrated

39
Q

For migration to occur what is required

A

A signal

40
Q

What structure forms a scaffold for migrating cells in the developing cortex for cells in the ventricular zone

A

Radial glia

41
Q

How far does the neurones migrate up the radial glia

A

Not far only just up the ventricular zone

42
Q

What happens to the ventricular zone as time moves on

A

Produce more and more new neurones

43
Q

How far does the next batch of new neurones travel up the radial glia

A

More far than the first batch of neurones

44
Q

What is the process of forming the inside layer first and then the outer layer called

A

Inside out layering

45
Q

What abnormalities can occur if migration doesn’t work properly

A

Cortical dysgenesis

46
Q

What is cortical dysgenesis

A

Cortex not forming properly

47
Q

When does differentiation occur

A

When the neurones reach their final destination

48
Q

What causes transmitter and ion channels to the neurones during differentiation

A

Differential gene activation

49
Q

How do axons extern and grow to correct targets

A

At the tip of the axon a specialised region known as the growth cone tastes its environment of chemoattractant and repellents so it finds its right way

50
Q

What is fascilation

A

When axons grow in bundles

51
Q

What does fascilation cause the production of

A

White matter tracts in the brain

52
Q

After the axon has founds it right way via growth cones how does it form synapses

A

With a 2 way signalling process

53
Q

What is a 2 way signalling process

A

When the pre-synaptic neurone and post-synaptic neurone interact with neutrophic factors

54
Q

How can actual neurones be lost

A

Necrosis and apoptosis

55
Q

Name an example of a dorsal ventral signalling molecule

A

Sonic hedgehog

56
Q

Name an example of a cortical dysgenesis

A

Lissencephaly

57
Q

What is lissencephaly

A

Smooth cortex

BAB (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions