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Y4R7 - Medicine III 🩺 > L1: Bronchial Asthma > Flashcards

L1: Bronchial Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Bronchial Asthma

A
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2
Q

Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma

A
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3
Q

Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma

  • Genetic
A

Polygenetic disease (genes of atopy).

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4
Q

Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma

  • Allergens
A
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5
Q

Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma

  • Infection
A

Viral infection before the age of 2 years → airway hyperresponsiveness.

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6
Q

Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma

  • Occupational
A
  • Occupational asthma occurs when agents at workplace cause asthma

e.g. isocyanates, grains, woods, formaldehyde, and cobalt.

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7
Q

Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma

  • environmental
A
  • Tobacco smoke either active or passive smoking, & Maternal smoking play a role.
  • Indoor / outdoor pollution and irritants.
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8
Q

Types of Bronchial Asthma

A
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9
Q

Compare Between Extrinsic & Intrinsic Asthma in terms of:

  • PPT Factors
  • Age of Onset
  • Family History
  • Atopic Tendency
  • Serum IgE
  • Skin Test
  • Asthma
A
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10
Q

Asthma Phenotypes

A
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11
Q

Asthma Phenotypes

  • Symptoms Based
A
  • Exacerbation prone
  • Cough variant
  • Obesity related asthma
  • Asthma with persistent airflow obstruction
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12
Q

Asthma Phenotypes

  • Trigger-Induced
A
  • Exercise induced
  • Occupational asthma
  • Seasonal asthma
  • Aspirin exacerbated
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13
Q

Asthma Phenotypes

  • Biomarker-Based
A
  • Eosinophilic asthma
  • Neutrophilic asthma
  • Paucigranulocytic asthma
  • Mixed granulocytic asthma
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14
Q

Asthma Phenotypes

  • TTT-Based
A

Steroid resistant asthma

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of Asthma

A
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16
Q

Pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma

A
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17
Q

CP of Bronchial Asthma

A
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18
Q

CP of Bronchial Asthma

  • symptoms
A
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19
Q

CP of Bronchial Asthma

  • Signs
A
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20
Q

CP of Bronchial Asthma

  • Course
A
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21
Q

CP of Bronchial Asthma

  • Associated Conditions
A
  • Allergic Rhinitis
  • Atopic Dermatitis
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22
Q

Levels of Bronchial Asthma

A
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23
Q

INVx for Bronchial Asthma

A
  • PFTs
  • Radiology
  • Detection of Allergen
  • Blood Picture
  • Sputum
  • ECG
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24
Q

INVx for Bronchial Asthma

  • PFTs
A
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25
Q

PFTs in Bronchial Asthma

  • Significance
A

Comer stone of diagnoses

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26
Q

PFTs in Bronchial Asthma

  • In Between Attacks
  • During Attacks
A
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27
Q

PFTs in Bronchial Asthma

  • PEFR Variability
A
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28
Q

PFTs in Bronchial Asthma

  • Test of Reversibility
A
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29
Q

PFTs in Bronchial Asthma

  • Non-Specific Bronchoprovocation Test
A
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30
Q

PFTs in Bronchial Asthma

  • Blood Gases
A
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31
Q

INVx in Bronchial Asthma

  • Radiology
32
Q

INVx in Bronchial Asthma

  • detection of allergen
33
Q

INVx in Bronchial Asthma

  • Blood Picture
34
Q

INVx in Bronchial Asthma

  • Sputum
35
Q

INVx in Bronchial Asthma

  • ECG
A

To exclude cardiac causes of dyspnea.

36
Q

DDx of Bronchial Asthma

37
Q

Complications of Bronchial Asthma

38
Q

TTT of Bronchial Asthma

39
Q

TTT of Bronchial Asthma

  • Reliever (rescue) Meds
40
Q

Reliever (rescue) Meds in Bronchial Asthma

41
Q

Reliever (rescue) Meds in Bronchial Asthma

  • Uses
A
  • Rapid acting bronchodilators
  • Used on need basis “during attack” to reverse bronchoconstriction & relive symptoms.
42
Q

Reliever (rescue) Meds in Bronchial Asthma

  • Examples
43
Q

Controller Meds in Bronchial Asthma

44
Q

Controller Meds in Bronchial Asthma

  • Uses
A
  • Keep asthma under control through their anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Taken on long term basis “in () attacks.”
45
Q

Controller Meds in Bronchial Asthma

  • Examples
A
  • Inhaled and systemic corticosteroid.
  • Long acting B2-agonists in combination with inhaled corticosteroid.
  • Leukotriene modifiers.
  • Sodium cromoglycate.
  • Nedocromide sodium.
  • Sustained release theophylline
  • Biological treatment (e.g Anti-IgE)
46
Q

Examples of Bronchodialators

A
  1. B2-adrenergic agents
  2. Methylxanthine (theophylline)
  3. Anticholinergic drugs
47
Q

Examples of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

A
  1. Corticosteroids:
  2. Other anti-inflammatory agents (non-steroid).
  3. Steroid sparing drugs
48
Q

MOA of B2-Adrenergic Agents

A

Stimulation of ß2-receptors → Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

49
Q

Forms of B2-Adrenergic Agents

A
  • inhaled, oral & injection forms.
  • Aerosol rapid onset & less side effects than the oral delivery.
50
Q

SE of B2-Adrenergic Agents

51
Q

Types of B2-Adrenergic Agents

52
Q

Types of B2-Adrenergic Agents

  • Short-Acting
A
  • Salbutamole
  • Terbutaline
  • Orciprenaline.
  • Ephedrine
53
Q

Types of B2-Adrenergic Agents

  • Long-Acting
A
  • Salmetrol.
  • Formotrol.
  • Bambuterol.
54
Q

SE of Methylxanthine (Theophylline)

55
Q

MOA of Methylxanthine (Theophylline)

A
  • Improves the diaphragmatic function
  • Has immunomodulatory effect in asthmatic
56
Q

Forms of Methylxanthine (Theophylline)

A

injection, oral and suppository forms

57
Q

Dose of Methylxanthine (Theophylline)

58
Q

Forms of Anticholinergic Drugs

58
Q

Types of Anticholinergic Drugs

59
Q

Types of Anticholinergic Drugs

  • Short Acting
A

acute asthma

  • ipratropium bromide
60
Q

Types of Anticholinergic Drugs

  • Long-Acting
A

chronic asthma

  • Tiotropium bromide
61
Q

MOA of Corticosteroids

A

The Principal Drug

  • Decrease airways inflammation, mucus
  • Relieve airway obstruction
  • Decrease airway hyperreactivity.
62
Q

Types of Corticosteroids

63
Q

Types of Corticosteroids

  • Injected
A
  • Methyl prednisilone
  • Hydrocortisone.
  • Dexamethasone.
64
Q

Types of Corticosteroids

  • Oral
A
  • Prednisone & Prednisilone.
  • Triamcinolone.
  • Betamethasone.
  • Dexamethasone.
65
Q

Types of Corticosteroids

  • Inhaled
A
  • Beclomethasone.
  • Budesonide.
  • Fluticasone.
66
Q

examples of Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A
  • Cromolyn sodium.
  • Nedocromil sodium.
67
Q

Forms of Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A

Administered only by inhalation.

68
Q

Uses of Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A
  • Childhood asthma.
  • Exercise-induced asthma
69
Q

Examples of Steroid Sparing Drugs

A
  • Azathioprine
  • Methotrexate
  • Gold
  • Cyclosporine A
70
Q

Examples of Leukotriene Modifiers

A
  • Montelukast.
  • Zafirlukast.
  • Zileuton.
  • Pranlukast
71
Q

Examples of Biologic Therapy

72
Q

Indications of Anti-IgE antibody Xolair (Omalizumab)

73
Q

Uses of Anti-IgE antibody Xolair (Omalizumab)

74
Q

Indications of Immunotherapy “Allergen immunotherapy”

75
Q

Personalized Asthma Management

76
Q

Done

Y4R7 - Medicine III 🩺 (26 decks)

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