L1: Bronchial Asthma Flashcards
1
Q
Def of Bronchial Asthma
A
2
Q
Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma
A
3
Q
Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma
- Genetic
A
Polygenetic disease (genes of atopy).
4
Q
Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma
- Allergens
A
5
Q
Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma
- Infection
A
Viral infection before the age of 2 years → airway hyperresponsiveness.
6
Q
Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma
- Occupational
A
- Occupational asthma occurs when agents at workplace cause asthma
e.g. isocyanates, grains, woods, formaldehyde, and cobalt.
7
Q
Predisposing Factors for Bronchial Asthma
- environmental
A
- Tobacco smoke either active or passive smoking, & Maternal smoking play a role.
- Indoor / outdoor pollution and irritants.
8
Q
Types of Bronchial Asthma
A
9
Q
Compare Between Extrinsic & Intrinsic Asthma in terms of:
- PPT Factors
- Age of Onset
- Family History
- Atopic Tendency
- Serum IgE
- Skin Test
- Asthma
A
10
Q
Asthma Phenotypes
A
11
Q
Asthma Phenotypes
- Symptoms Based
A
- Exacerbation prone
- Cough variant
- Obesity related asthma
- Asthma with persistent airflow obstruction
12
Q
Asthma Phenotypes
- Trigger-Induced
A
- Exercise induced
- Occupational asthma
- Seasonal asthma
- Aspirin exacerbated
13
Q
Asthma Phenotypes
- Biomarker-Based
A
- Eosinophilic asthma
- Neutrophilic asthma
- Paucigranulocytic asthma
- Mixed granulocytic asthma
14
Q
Asthma Phenotypes
- TTT-Based
A
Steroid resistant asthma
15
Q
Pathogenesis of Asthma
A
16
Q
Pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma
A
17
Q
CP of Bronchial Asthma
A
18
Q
CP of Bronchial Asthma
- symptoms
A
19
Q
CP of Bronchial Asthma
- Signs
A
20
Q
CP of Bronchial Asthma
- Course
A
21
Q
CP of Bronchial Asthma
- Associated Conditions
A
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Atopic Dermatitis
22
Q
Levels of Bronchial Asthma
A
23
Q
INVx for Bronchial Asthma
A
- PFTs
- Radiology
- Detection of Allergen
- Blood Picture
- Sputum
- ECG
24
Q
INVx for Bronchial Asthma
- PFTs
A
25
PFTs in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Significance
Comer stone of diagnoses
26
PFTs in **Bronchial Asthma**
- In Between Attacks
- During Attacks
27
PFTs in **Bronchial Asthma**
- PEFR Variability
28
PFTs in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Test of Reversibility
29
PFTs in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Non-Specific Bronchoprovocation Test
30
PFTs in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Blood Gases
31
INVx in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Radiology
32
INVx in **Bronchial Asthma**
- detection of allergen
33
INVx in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Blood Picture
34
INVx in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Sputum
35
INVx in **Bronchial Asthma**
- ECG
To exclude cardiac causes of dyspnea.
36
DDx of **Bronchial Asthma**
37
Complications of **Bronchial Asthma**
38
TTT of **Bronchial Asthma**
39
TTT of **Bronchial Asthma**
- Reliever (rescue) Meds
40
Reliever (rescue) Meds in **Bronchial Asthma**
41
Reliever (rescue) Meds in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Uses
- Rapid acting bronchodilators
- Used on need basis "during attack" to reverse bronchoconstriction & relive symptoms.
42
Reliever (rescue) Meds in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Examples
43
Controller Meds in **Bronchial Asthma**
44
Controller Meds in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Uses
- Keep asthma under control through their anti-inflammatory effects.
- Taken on long term basis "in () attacks."
45
Controller Meds in **Bronchial Asthma**
- Examples
- Inhaled and systemic corticosteroid.
- Long acting B2-agonists in combination with inhaled corticosteroid.
- Leukotriene modifiers.
- Sodium cromoglycate.
- Nedocromide sodium.
- Sustained release theophylline
- Biological treatment (e.g Anti-IgE)
46
Examples of **Bronchodialators**
1. B2-adrenergic agents
2. Methylxanthine (theophylline)
3. Anticholinergic drugs
47
Examples of **Anti-Inflammatory Drugs**
1. Corticosteroids:
2. Other anti-inflammatory agents (non-steroid).
3. Steroid sparing drugs
48
MOA of **B2-Adrenergic Agents**
Stimulation of ß2-receptors → Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
49
Forms of **B2-Adrenergic Agents**
- inhaled, oral & injection forms.
- Aerosol rapid onset & less side effects than the oral delivery.
50
SE of **B2-Adrenergic Agents**
51
Types of **B2-Adrenergic Agents**
52
Types of **B2-Adrenergic Agents**
- Short-Acting
- Salbutamole
- Terbutaline
- Orciprenaline.
- Ephedrine
53
Types of **B2-Adrenergic Agents**
- Long-Acting
- Salmetrol.
- Formotrol.
- Bambuterol.
54
SE of **Methylxanthine (Theophylline)**
55
MOA of **Methylxanthine (Theophylline)**
- Improves the diaphragmatic function
- Has immunomodulatory effect in asthmatic
56
Forms of **Methylxanthine (Theophylline)**
injection, oral and suppository forms
57
Dose of **Methylxanthine (Theophylline)**
58
Forms of **Anticholinergic Drugs**
Inhaled
58
Types of **Anticholinergic Drugs**
59
Types of **Anticholinergic Drugs**
- Short Acting
acute asthma
- ipratropium bromide
60
Types of **Anticholinergic Drugs**
- Long-Acting
chronic asthma
- Tiotropium bromide
61
MOA of **Corticosteroids**
**The Principal Drug**
- Decrease airways inflammation, mucus
- Relieve airway obstruction
- Decrease airway hyperreactivity.
62
Types of **Corticosteroids**
63
Types of **Corticosteroids**
- Injected
* Methyl prednisilone
* Hydrocortisone.
* Dexamethasone.
64
Types of **Corticosteroids**
- Oral
- Prednisone & Prednisilone.
- Triamcinolone.
- Betamethasone.
- Dexamethasone.
65
Types of **Corticosteroids**
- Inhaled
- Beclomethasone.
- Budesonide.
- Fluticasone.
66
examples of **Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs**
- Cromolyn sodium.
- Nedocromil sodium.
67
Forms of **Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs**
Administered only by inhalation.
68
Uses of **Other Anti-inflammatory Drugs**
- Childhood asthma.
- Exercise-induced asthma
69
Examples of **Steroid Sparing Drugs**
- Azathioprine
- Methotrexate
- Gold
- Cyclosporine A
70
Examples of **Leukotriene Modifiers**
- Montelukast.
- Zafirlukast.
- Zileuton.
- Pranlukast
71
Examples of **Biologic Therapy**
72
Indications of **Anti-IgE antibody Xolair (Omalizumab)**
73
Uses of **Anti-IgE antibody Xolair (Omalizumab)**
74
Indications of **Immunotherapy "Allergen immunotherapy"**
75
Personalized Asthma Management
76
Done
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