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Y4R7 - Medicine III 🩺 > L4: Pneumonia - Pt 1 > Flashcards

L4: Pneumonia - Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Pneumonia

A

Acute Inflammation of the lung parenchyma.

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2
Q

Predisposing Factors for Pneumonia

A
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3
Q

Predisposing Factors for Pneumonia

  • Decreased resistance to infection
A

Impaired immune system.

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4
Q

Predisposing Factors for Pneumonia

  • reduced or suppresed Cough
A
  • Coma states
  • Following surgery
  • General anesthesia
  • Tracheostomy
  • Endotracheal or nasogastric tube.
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5
Q

Predisposing Factors for Pneumonia

  • Reduce effective phagocytic activity
A

alveolar macrophages and neutrophils.

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6
Q

Predisposing Factors for Pneumonia

  • Bronchial Obstruction
A

foreign body or tumor.

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7
Q

Predisposing Factors for Pneumonia

  • Bronchial Dilatation
A

bronchiectasis

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8
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

A
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9
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

  • Inhalation
A

from outside the body:
- M. tuberculosis and viruses.

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10
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

  • Aspiration
A

of organisms from the oropharynx:

  • Aspiration of small amounts of oropharyngeal contents is known to occur in healthy people during sleep, this tendency is Incraesed by any state in which cough is suppressed.
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11
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

  • Inoculation
A

from contaminated equipment:
- As ventilators and nebulizers.

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12
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

  • Colonization
A
  • The lower respiratory tract may become colonized by pathogenic organisms in patients with pre-existing lung disease e.g., COPD, bronchiectasis.
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13
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

  • Hematogenous Spread
A

from infected sites outside the lungs:

  • Sepsis.
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14
Q

Routes of Organism Entry to the Lungs

  • Direct Spread
A

Adjacent Abscess

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15
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

A
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16
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Person to Person
A

Droplet & inhalation infection.

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17
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Environment
A
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18
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Psittacosis
A

From pet birds

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19
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Legionella
A

From Water

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20
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Aspergilliosis
A

from Air & Water

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21
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Anthrax
22
Q

Sources / MOT of Infection in Pneumonia

  • Histoplasmosis
A

from bird droppings & bat caves

23
Q

Classification of Pneumonia

24
Q

Causes of Bacterial Pneumonia

25
Causes of **Bacterial Pneumonia** - strept Pneumoniae
The most common cause (35% of causes).
26
Causes of **Bacterial Pneumonia** - Gram Negative Pneumonia
27
Causes of **Bacterial Pneumonia** - Atypical Pneumonia
28
Causes of **Bacterial Pneumonia** - Aneurobic Pneumonia
(aspiration pneumonia)
29
Causes of **Bacterial Pneumonia** - Rare Causes
30
Causes of **Viral Pneumonia**
31
Causes of **Fungal Pneumonia**
32
Causes of **Parasitic Pneumonia**
Toxoplasma
33
Non-Infectious Causes of **Pneumonia**
34
Non-Infectious Causes of **Pneumonia** - Pneumonitis
35
Non-Infectious Causes of **Pneumonia** - Chemical Pneumonia
Air pollution with gases & fumes.
36
Non-Infectious Causes of **Pneumonia** - Physical Pneumonia
**"Radiation pneumonitis"** - Following radiotherapy of the chest.
37
Def of **CAP**
Pneumonia occurring in the community.
38
Causative Organisms of **CAP**
39
Causative Organisms of **CAP** - Younger Healthy Patient
Strept pneumoniae & atypical organisms.
40
Causative Organisms of **CAP** - In Elder patients (> 6oy) - Unhealthy Young patients
Gram negative bacilli, Staph aureus, & atypical organisms.
41
Causative Organisms of **CAP** - In Aspiration Pneumonia
Mixed organisms & Anaerobic bacteria
42
Def of **HAP**
Pneumonia occurring after 48-72h of hospital admission.
43
Causative Organism of **HAP**
44
Causative Organism of **HAP** - Early Onset HAP (1st 5 Days)
Strept. pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.
45
Causative Organism of **HAP** - Late Onset HAP (>5 Days)
- Gram -ve organisms (Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Klebsiella pneumonia).
46
Causative Organism of **HAP** - Aspiration Pneumonia in HAP
- mixed organisms and anaerobes!
47
Causative Organism of **HAP** - HAP in ICU
48
Clinical Criteria of **HAP**
49
Def of **Pneumonia in Immunocomprimised**
50
Causative Organism of **Pneumonia in Immunocomprimised**

Y4R7 - Medicine III 🩺 (32 decks)

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