(L) TACK, EQUIPMENT & FACILITIES Flashcards
1
Q
What are two other names for a Saddle Seat saddle?
A
Cutback or flat saddle
2
Q
Name the four basic styles of English girths.
A
String, elastic-end contour leather, threefold leather, balding leather
3
Q
What is the most popular type of English saddle?
A
All-purpose
4
Q
What is the most common type of rigging used on a trail saddle?
A
7/8
5
Q
What are the two most common types of rigging used on endurance saddles?
A
5/8 and center fired
6
Q
What refers to a sidesaddle made by quality makers from 1890 to 1940?
A
Old Name or ONES (Old Name English Saddles)
7
Q
What is the term for the top pommel on a sidesaddle?
A
Fixed head
8
Q
What is the term for the lower pommel on a sidesaddle?
A
Leaping horn
9
Q
Which type of reins include horizontal loops of leather at intervals or a rubber coating for use in wet weather?
A
Web reins.
10
Q
What is another name for the snaffle bit?
A
Direct pressure bit
11
Q
What is the term for when an Equitation rider properly picks up the two sets of reins?
A
Addressing the reins
12
Q
What is the common term for the Tom Thumb snaffle?
A
Cowboy snaffle
13
Q
What portion of the jaquima functions as a safety device similar to a throatlatch?
A
Fiadore
14
Q
How long is the mecate that is used in the true hackamore?
A
22 feet
15
Q
Which two styles of martingales are used most frequently?
A
Running and standing (tie down)
16
Q
Why is the standing martingale not recommended for trail riding?
A
If a horse stumbles, they cannot use their head freely to get up
17
Q
Which type of martingale is useful for a horse that chronically rears?
A
German
18
Q
Which type of martingale is meant to be used as a safety device that prevents the reins from coming over the horse’s head in the event of a fall?
A
Irish
19
Q
Where is the Irish martingale most commonly used?
A
Europe
20
Q
What are the most common causes of summer fires?
A
Electrical storms and hay comfustion
21
Q
In hay storage, at least how much space should remain between the barn wall and bales of hay?
A
12 inches
22
Q
Name three causes of winter fires.
A
Appliances, rodents chewing through wire, dust or cobweb accumulation on electrical surfaces
23
Q
How thick should rubber mats be in order to withstand pawing?
A
5/8 inch
24
Q
What is the minimum height of a stall?
A
8 feet
25
What is the minimum height of an alleyway?
9 feet
26
What is the minimum size of a stall?
10 foot by 10 foot
27
What is the minimum size of a foaling stall?
14 foot by 14 foot
28
What are the typical dimension of a tie stall?
5 foot by 9 foot
29
A minimum of how much space should remain between the top of a stall partition and the ceiling for adequate air movement?
1 foot
30
What are the three general types of lightbulbs?
Incandescent, compact fluorescent (CFL), light-emitting diode (LED)
31
Name two ways to increase the amount of natural light in a barn.
Windows and light colored walls
32
Why are incandescent lights considered less suitable for use in a barn compared to LED?
Generate heat
33
What is the strongest wood material?
Rough cut oak
34
What is the minimum height of a stall door?
8 feet
35
What is the minimum width of a stall manger?
24 inches
36
How far above the stall floor should the window be located?
5 feet
37
Why is tongue and groove board not recommended for use in stalls?
Horses can push off the groove between boards
38
Name two advantages to poured concrete stall walls.
Sturdy, easy to paint, easy to clean
39
What is the biggest problem associated with concrete stall walls?
Unforgiving and may lead to injury
40
What is the minimum height of the bottom portion of a Dutch door?
4 feet
41
Name two advantages to Dutch stall doors.
Better ventilation, less boredom, emergency exit
42
When outside temperatures are below what level, is the exchange rate of air fast enough to remove moisture and air contaminants from the barn?
60-70 degrees
43
How much ridge ventilation should there be per stall?
1 foot
44
How should a building be oriented in order to shield horses from prevailing winds?
Long axis perpendicular to the wind
45
In a trailer, how much lateral movement should a horse be permitted on each side?
3 inches
46
Temperature inside a trailer will exceed the outside temperature by how much?
10-15 degrees Fahrenheit
47
Which two forms of documentation are necessary when crossing most state borders?
Coggins test and current health certificate
48
How long is a health certificate considered current for?
30 days
49
In Western states, what may be legally required to transport horses our of brand territory, regardless of where the horse normally resides?
Brand inspection
50
What are the two types of brand inspection certificates?
Annual or lifetime
51
Name two situations in which the federal government requires a horse to be branded.
Equine Infectious Anemia and mustangs available for adoption
52
Which type of brand inspection certificate allows for travel through out the United States and Canada?
Lifetime
53
What are two ways in which horses can be tied in a trailer?
Panic snap or quick release knot
54
Horses that paw or kick in the trailer may need what special kinds of wraps?
Knee or hock pads
55
When traveling for more than how many hours, should a horse be unloaded, exercised and fed?
18 hours
56
Define topography.
Shape and slope of the land
57
What are the two types or harnesses?
Breast strap harness and Collar and Hames harness
58
Which type of harness is considered the simplest?
Breast strap harness
59
Which type of harness is used for medium to lightweight vehicles?
Breast strap
60
Which type of harness is used for heavier loads and vehicles?
Collar and Hames harness
61
What are two other names for blinders?
Blinkers and winkers
62
What are two other names for a check rein?
Side check and over check
63
What is the term for reins used in pleasure driving?
Lines
64
What are the two general types of bits that a fine harness may use?
Driving bit or overcheck bit
65
Which bit is most commonly used for draft driving?
Liverpool
66
Name four bits used in draft horse driving
Liverpool, half cheek snaffle, flory bit, sliding gag, elbow, Buston
67
What is the term for the firth on the fine harness?
Belly band
68
What are the straps that connect the collar or breast strap to the vehicle being pulled?
Traces
69
What is the colloquial term for breeching in a fine harness?
Britchen or hold back strap
70
What are the metal rings through which the lines of a fine harness pass?
Terrets
71
What is another term for the false martingale?
Pole strap
72
What are the three parts of the draft collar?
Afterwale, forewale, hames
73
What is the padded upper portion of the neck side of the collar?
Forewale
74
What is the lower portion of the body side of the collar?
Afterwale
75
What are the steel arms attached to the collar?
Hames
76
What are the three different types of vehicles?
Cart, four-wheeled, wagons
77
What is the simplest type of vehicle for carriage driving?
Cart
78
Which type of carriage will give a smoother ride compared to a cart?
Four-wheeled carriages
79
What type of vehicle consists of two wheels, a seat, springs and shafts?
Cart
80
What is a small, four wheeled wagon with a forward facing seat for the driver and seats along both sides for passengers?
Wagonette
81
What is a light, two wheeled vehicle used to transport children?
Governess
82
What is a two wheeled vehicle pulled by a single horse that has an enclosed passenger area in front of the coachmen's seat?
Hansom Cab
83
What is a four wheeled carriage with lengthwise facing seats and a rear entrance used for public transportation?
Omnibus
84
Which carriage was originally used for foxhunting?
Gig
85
What is a four wheeled vehicle with an elevated front seat for the driver and a lower seat for passengers?
Phaeton
86
Name three materials for panniers.
Wood, rawhide, canvas, leather
87
How many cinches are used to secure the load when using a Decker pack saddle?
1
88
How many cinches are used to secure the load when using a Crossbuck saddle?
2
89
How long is the lash cinch used to secure the load on a pack saddle?
45-50 feet
90
Which type of hitch is used to secure the hanging gear that is attached to the side of a pack saddle?
Basket or barrel
91
Why is the single diamond hitch popular?
Secures load quickly and removed easily
92
What is a heavy canvas or poly-cover over the saddle with horizontal wooden bars at the bottom?
Half breed
93
Which type of pack saddle is best suited for sling loads where the load in mantied?
Decker
94
What connects the bars of a Crossbuck pack saddle?
Wooden "X's"
95
What connects the bars of a Decker pack saddle?
2 D rings
96
What are special handles or leather loops that aid the vaulter in performing tasks?
Cossack straps
97
What is the traditional saddle used in the Peruvian Paso breed?
Guarnicion
98
What is the term for the crupper on the Peruvian Paso saddle?
Baticola
99
What is the term for the decorative pieces on a Peruvian Paso saddle that buckle to the back of the saddle and covers the dock and upper part of the tail?
Floron or tapacola
100
What are the straps on the Peruvian Paso saddle that encircle the hind legs and buckles to the back of the saddle?
Retrancas
101
Name three components of the horse's physical environment.
Stall space, flooring, bedding, ventilation
102
Which portion of the horse's environment includes how horses interact with each other?
Social environment
103
Name two components of the horse's chemical environment.
Water quality, gases, air contaminants
104
Which portion of the horse's environment includes disease organisms found in the air, water, feed and stall bedding?
Biological environment
105
Define tack.
Any and all equipment for horseback riding and driving
106
What are the three basic types of forward seat saddles?
All-Purpose, Close Contact, Dressage
107
What is the difference between the Close Contact and All-Purpose saddle?
Close Contact is deeper with a padded knee roll
108
What is the difference between rigging style and rigging position?
Rigging style indicates how the rigging rings are attached to the saddle, rigging position indicates where the cinch is attached.
109
What is the typical weight of a trail saddle?
30-35 pounds
110
What is another name for a forward seat saddle?
Hunt seat saddle
111
Which two types of western saddles place the rider over the horse's center of gravity for maximum balance and control when performing maneuvers?
Reining and cutting
112
What are five of the eight main types of western saddles?
Trail or all-around, western pleasure, reining, barrel, roping, cutting, ranch, mounted shooting
113
Which type of western saddle often has in-skirt rigging?
Barrel or Gymkhana
114
What are heavy cords made of mohair in a cinch?
Strings
115
What is the most notable feature of the Australian stock saddle?
High "thigh rolls" located near the front of the saddle
116
Name two disciplines that commonly use rubber reins.
Racing and cross-country
117
What are two other terms for a Weymouth bridle?
Double bridle or full bridle
118
What is the range of the length of most mouthpieces?
4 1/2- 5 inches
119
What is the range of the length of most shanks?
3-8 1/2 inches
120
What type of martingale is essentially a running martingale with additional leverage?
German
121
Travel distance to a fire extinguisher should never exceed how much?
75 feet
122
What triggered the enactment of the Standard on Fire and Life Safety in Animal Housing Facilities guidelines
Series of racetrack fires in 1976
123
What is the purpose of the emergency paddock area in case of a fire?
Close enough for return to the barn for rescuing other horses, prevents horses from returning to their stalls.
124
Why does topsoil need to be removed before starting to build the stall floors?
Minimize settling
125
What are two major drawbacks to wood stall flooring?
Slippery when wet, prone to rodents
126
Concrete uses how much more bedding than asphalt flooring?
20%
127
What is the minimum length of the standing platform in a stall?
7 feet
128
How much of the stall partition or wall should be solid?
7 feet
129
What is the biggest drawback to LED lights?
Cost
130
What are the two biggest advantages to LED lights?
Require less power and last longer
131
What are the minimum dimensions for the overhang in a ridge vent?
12-14 inches
132
What is the function of the false martingale?
Connects the breast collar or collar to girth
133
Why is the martingale used in fine harnesses considered "false"?
Does not actually connect to the reins
134
Name five parts of the fine harness.
Terrets, back pad, belly band, traces, martingale, back strap, hip strap, breeching, breast collar
135
What is another name for the back strap in the fine harness?
Hip drop
136
Which carriage takes its name from the French words meaning face-to-face?
Vis-a-Vis
137
Name three carriages with four wheels.
Wagonette, Vis-a-Vis, Omnibus, Phaeton
138
Name three carriages with two wheels.
Governess cart, Hansom Cab, Gig
139
Name five stall flooring options.
Clay, sand/clay mix, limestone dust, wood, concrete, asphalt, rubber mats
140
Name two options for rein materials.
Leather, synthetic, woven of cotton, wool fibers.
141
What is the English equivalent to a hackamore?
Bitless bridle
142
What are the three parts to the jacquima?
Fiadore, bosal, mecate
143
Name three styles of breast collars.
Hunting, polo, three-piece, pulling, tripper
144
Name two types of attachment for a breast collar.
3 point and 5 point
145
How much space should exist between the top of the stall wall partitions and the loft floor ceiling?
12 inches
146
Outlets and switch boxes should be made out of what material in order to comply with the NFPA 70 electrical code?
Metal
147
What is the most important step in developing a facility plan?
Establish goals
148
What is the highest cost involved in running a horse farm?
Labor
149
What is considered the "standard" stall size?
12 foot by 12 foot
150
Name five elements of the environment to consider when building a horse facility.
Topography, drainage, prevailing winds, solar radiation, precipitation, vegetation, soil characteristics
151
What type of cart does a roadster pony use?
road "bike"
152
What breed wears a guarnicion?
Peruvian Paso
153
What are the 3 parts of a guarnicion?
Baticola, floran or tapacola and etrancas
154
What is another name for a Weymouth bridle?
full or double bridle
155
What 2 bits are used on a Weymouth bridle?
curb bit and small snaffle bit
156
What does it mean to pay "full board" at a stable for a horse?
The stable will take care of all your horse's needs
157
What are your 3 options for keeping a horse?
At home, on rented pasture or at commercial boarding stable
158
What can affect the cost of pasture rent?
Shelter, care and type of pasture
159
A large paddock or a pasture can provide what for your horse?
Exercise
160
What 8 types of equipment are needed for the full enjoyment of a horse?
Saddle, bridle, saddle pad, halter, lead rope, helmet, boots and basic grooming equipment
161
What are the 3 basic grooming tools?
Hoof pick, brush and curry comb
162
What is the general definition of tack?
All equipment used for horseback riding and driving
163
What are the 3 basic hunt seat saddle types?
All-purpose, close contact and dressage
164
What is the difference between All-Purpose and Close Contact Saddle?
The All-Purpose Saddle has a deeper seat than the Close Contact saddle and has knee rolls
165
Describe a Close Contact Saddle.
Close Contact Saddle has a flat seat with forward short flaps and no extra knee roll
166
What is the purpose of a dressage saddle?
To give rider optimum leg contact with the horse
167
What are 2 other names for a saddle seat saddle?
Cutback or flat saddle
168
What are 2 features of a saddle seat saddle?
The cutback pommel and straight flaps
169
What is included when referring to fittings for an English Saddle?
Stirrup leathers, stirrup irons and girth
170
How much extra room should a stirrup have?
1/4 inch on each side of the widest part of the rider's foot when placed in the stirrup
171
What type of stirrup has a heavy rubber band on the outside of the stirrup?
"Breakaway" stirrup
172
What type of rider uses a "breakaway" stirrup?
A beginner rider
173
What are the 4 basic styles of an English girth?
String, elastic-ended contour leather, threefold leather and balding leather girth
174
What does a rigging style on a western saddle indicate?
Where the rigging rings or plates are attached to the saddle
175
What are some features of a trail/all around western saddle?
Feature a deep seat, high swells and cantle, less decorative and a small horn
176
What type of a western saddle is made for showing horses?
Western Pleasure or Equitation saddle
177
What are some features of a reining saddle?
The seat is deep, low and slanted cantle, and puts the rider over the horse's center of gravity for maximum balance
178
What type of saddle is lightweight to increase a horse's speed?
Barrel Racing Saddle
179
What type of saddle is double wrapped in rawhide?
A Roping Saddle
180
What type of saddle has upright horn, heavy and double-rigged?
A Roping Saddle
181
What type of western saddle has a double-rigging and is comfortable?
Ranch Saddle
182
What are 4 types of material used to make a cinch?
Leather, strings, felt and neoprene
183
What do you call a western girth?
Cinch
184
What is the purpose of 5/8 or center fire rigging on an endurance saddle?
To allow a full range of motion for the horse's elbow motion
185
What is the most notable feature on an Australian Stock Saddle?
A high "thigh roll"
186
What type of saddle allowed ladies to ride?
Sidesaddle
187
How many heads does a sidesaddle have?
2
188
What is a head on the sidesaddle?
Pommel
189
What are the 2 type of heads (pommel) on a sidesaddle?
Top pommel or fixed head and lower pommel or leaping head
190
What are the 4 purposes of a saddle blanket and pads?
1) To protect the horse's back
2) To absorb the sweat and moisture
3) To protect the saddle
4) To help the saddle fit better
191
What are the 3 basic parts of the bridle?
Headstall, bit and reins
192
What are 3 parts that both the English and Western bridle have?
Crown piece, cheek pieces and throatlatch
193
What is the difference between an English and Western bridle?
A cavesson
194
What are the 3 basic types of bits?
Snaffle bit, Curb bit and Hackamore
195
What type of bit is a snaffle?
A direct pressure bit
196
What type of bit is a curb?
A Leverage bit
197
What type of bit is a Hackamore?
A bitless bridle
198
Name 3 types of reins?
Leather, wool, cotton, web or rubber reins
199
What types of mouthpieces does a snaffle bit have?
Jointed or straight with a ring at each end to which the reins are attached
200
Name 4 types of snaffle bits.
D-ring, O-ring, full-cheek, hale-cheek, Fulmer and Egg Butt
201
What parts of the horse does a direct pressure bit effect?
Corner of the mouth, tongue and bars
202
Name 4 types of leverage bits?
Kimberwicke, Pelham, Curb, Gag, Elevator Bits and Mechanical Hackamores
203
What parts of the horse does a leverage bit effect?
Poll and under the chin (or chin groove)
204
What type of bit acts like both a snaffle and curb combined in one mouthpiece?
Pelham Bit
205
What is another name for a weymouth bridle?
Double bridle of Full bridle
206
What type of bridle has 2 bits?
Weymouth bridle, double bridle or full bridle
207
What type of bridle has a curb and snaffle bit?
Weymouth bridle, double bridle or full bridle
208
What do you call properly picking up reins in an equitation class?
"Addressing the Reins"
209
What does the snaffle bit do on a weymouth bridle?
It is the steering bit
210
What is another name for the snaffle bit of a weymouth bridle?
Bridoon Bit
211
What does the curb bit do on a weymouth bridle?
It sets the horse's head (higher or lower)
212
What is a Tom Thumb sometimes referred as?
"A Cowboy Snaffle"
213
What type of bit is used in harness that can be a snaffle or a curb bit?
Liverpool
214
What is the bumpin the mouthpiece of a curb bit called?
Port
215
Name 2 types of more severe bits used by experienced horsemen?
Gag bit, elevator bit, a spade bit or a mechanical hackamore
216
What parts of the horse does a gag bit effect?
Corners, bars, tongue and poll
217
What is the name of the bitless bridle?
A hackamore or jaquima
218
What are 3 parts of the jaquima?
Bosal, fiador and mecate
219
What is the function of the fiador?
It stabilizes the bosal and prevents the bridle from shifting
220
To what parts of the horse does the jaquima apply pressure?
Nose, face, jaw, chin, poll and/or cheeks
221
What are the 2 most common types of martingales?
Running martingale and Standing martingale
222
What is the western version of a standing martingale?
Tie down
223
What type of martingale is similar to a running martingale with more leverage?
German Martingale
224
What type of martingale is used as a safety device?
Irish Martingale
225
Name 3 types of martingales.
Running Martingale, Standing Martingale, German Martingale or Irish Martingale
226
What ytpe of martingale is used in European racing?
Irish Maringale
227
What keeps a saddle from sliding back or shifting side to side?
Breastplate or breast collar
228
What is the difference between a breastplate and breast collar?
Breastplate is used in English riding and breast collar is used in western riding
229
What do you call the tack used for driving a horse?
A harness
230
What type of harness is used for show ring driving?
Fine harness or a Pleasure harness
231
What type of horse uses a collar?
Draft horses
232
What does a collar help a draft horse do?
Pull a lot of weight
233
What type of harness is used for competitive driving?
Heavier harness
234
What type of saddle has been used for packing and is light weight?
McClellan Saddle
235
What are 2 types of traditional pack saddles?
Crossbuck (sawbuck) or decker
236
What do you call the container on a pack saddle?
Panniers
237
What is a Panniers?
The containers on a pack saddle that are used to carry supplies
238
On a crossbuck, how are the bars connected?
By 2 wooden "X's"
239
On a decker, how are the bars connected?
By 2 steel "D-rings"
240
What does breeching do on a pack saddle?
Keeps the saddle back when traveling downhill and keeps the load centered on the animal's back
241
What does the breast collar do on a pack saddle?
It keeps the pack saddle from slipping back and centered on the horse's back when going uphill
242
What type of pack saddle has single rigging (or cinch)?
Decker Pack Saddle or McClellan Saddle
243
What type of pack saddle has a double rigging (or double cinch)?
Crossbuck Saddle
244
From what types of materials are panniers made?
Wood, rawhide, leather or canvas
245
What is used to secure the entire load in a pack saddle?
A lash rope and cinch tied in a hitch knot
246
What are 4 types of hitches used on pack saddles?
Barrel hitch, basket hitch, single diamond, double diamond, half diamond, squaw or Arizona
247
What type of saddle is used on a race horse for training and exercising?
Exercise saddle
248
What type of saddle is used on a horse for during a race?
A race saddle
249
What is a blinker?
A hood with ear and eye holes
250
What are the 2 purposes of a tongue tie?
To prevent soft palate displacement which can interfere with their breathing and prevent a horse from getting their tongue over the bit
251
What are the most common types of bits used in racing?
Ring bits and Loose ring snaffles
252
What type of tack is used in fox hunting?
English saddle, breastplate, English bridle and martingale (optional)
253
What color saddle pad is acceptable for fox hunting?
A plain white saddle pad
254
May you use a martingale during a fox hunt?
Yes, if the mount needs it for control
255
What piece of tack may be used during a fox hunt to increase the control of a rider's horse?
A martingale
256
What equipment is needed for a vaulting horse?
Smooth snaffle bridle, side reins, longeing cavesson (optional), vaulting surcingle, vaulting pad, a longe line and longe whip
257
What does a vaulting surcingle need?
Rigid handles and Cossack straps (or Cossack loops)
258
What is the maximum thickness of a pad used for vaulting when compressed?
2 inches
259
How far may a vaulting pad extend both directions from the surcingle?
Nor more than 8 inches from the front of the surcingle and not past the point of the croup
260
Are bandages and protective boots allowed on a vaulting horse?
Yes, they are optional
261
What are 4 pieces of tack that are permitted in hunter over fences?
Standing martingale, standard English bits (both snaffle or leverage bits), smooth unroweled spurs, crop or bat, white saddle pad (either square or fitted) or wither pads
262
What color may a wither pad be in hunter over fences?
White, off-white or a conservative color
263
What shape may a pad be in hunter over fences?
Either square or fitted
264
What are 5 pieces of tack NOT allowed in hunter over fences?
Flash nosebands/cavesson, drop noseband/cavesson, protective boots and wraps (except in inclement weather with judges approval), running martingale, tie downs, draw reins, gag or unconventional bits, western bits, converters on Pelham bits (some states do permit them), roweled spurs, hackamores or bitless bridles, colored saddle pads, embroidered pads with emblems, names, etc...
265
What are 4 pieces of tack allowed in equitation over fences?
Protective boots and wraps, standing martingale, standard English bits (both snaffle or leverage bits), smooth unroweled spurs, crop or bat, white saddle pad (either square or fitted) or wither pads
266
What are 3 pieces of tack allowed in hunter hack?
Standard English bits (both snaffle or leverage bits), smooth unroweled spurs, crop or bat, white saddle pad (either square or fitted) or wither pads
267
What are 4 pieces of tack NOT allowed in equitation over fences?
Flash nosebands/cavesson, drop noseband/cavesson, running martingale, tie downs, draw reins, gag or unconventional bits, western bits, converters on Pelham bits (some states do permit them), roweled spurs, hackamores or bitless bridles, colored saddle pads, embroidered pads with emblems, names, etc...
268
What are 5 pieces of tack NOT allowed in hunter hack?
Flash nosebands/cavesson, drop noseband/cavesson, protective boots and wraps (except in inclement weather with judges approval), standing martingale, running martingale, tie downs, draw reins, gag or unconventional bits, western bits, converters on Pelham bits (some states do permit them), roweled spurs, hackamores or bitless bridles, colored saddle pads, embroidered pads with emblems, names, etc...
269
What are the 2 main types of harnesses?
Breast strap harness and collar and Hames harness
270
What type of pulling is a breast strap harness used for?
Pulling medium to light weight vehicles and the most common used harness
271
What type of pulling is a collar and hames harness used for?
Heavier loads and vehicles such as a draft horse
272
What is the benefit of having a large padded collar?
It allows the horse to use more body weight to pull heavier loads
273
Name 4 parts of a harness bridle?
Cavesson (noseband), Blinders (blinkers or winkers), lines (reins) and check rein (overcheck or sidecheck)
274
What type of harness bridle has may have 2 different bits?
A fine harness bridle
275
What are the names of the 2 bits used in a fine harness bridle?
Driving bit and Overcheck bit
276
Name 3 types of draft horse bits.
Half cheek snaffle, glory bit, sliding gag bit, Liverpool bit, elbow bit and Buxton bit
277
What type of draft horse bit can function as either a snaffle or a curb bit?
Liverpool bit
278
Name 5 parts of a harness.
Back pad (saddle pad), belly band (girth), traces, martingale, back tsrap, hip strap, breeching, crupper and breast collar or collar/hames
279
What type of harness may not include a breeching?
A fine harness
280
What do you call the metal rings the lines pass through on the harness?
Terrets
281
What type of martingale is used on a fine harness?
Running martingale
282
Name 3 parts of a draft horse collar?
Forewale, afterwale and hames
283
What is the padded upper portion of a draft horse collar called?
Forewale
284
What is the lower portion of a draft horse collar called?
Afterwale
285
What are the steel arms attached to the draft horse collar called?
Hames
286
What are 3 basic types of vehicles used in driving?
Cart, four-wheeled carriage and wagon
287
What are the 2 arms or poles that extend from the cart called?
Shafts
288
What protective tack may be put on a horse for trailering?
Leg wraps
289
What part of the horse's leg should a leg wrap cover when trailering a horse?
From the knee or hock downward
290
What can be put on a horse that kicks, paws or climbs the sides of the trailer while trailering?
Knee and hock pads
291
What are the benefits of putting knee and/or hock pads on a horse while trailering?
Prevent swollen knees and capped hocks
292
What are the 4 main areas involved in a horse's environment?
Physical environment, social environment, chemical environment and biological environment
293
What do you call the stall space, flooring, bedding and ventilation of a horse's environment?
Physical environment
294
What do you call the environment where horses interact with each other?
Social environment
295
What do you call the environment that includes water quality, gases such as ammonia, oxygen and carbon dioxide and air contaminants (dust and mold)
Chemical environment
296
What do you call the disease organisms found in a horse's environment?
Biological environment
297
What are the 4 keys to having healthy grass pastures?
Fertilizing (based on soil testing), controlling weeds, creating a sacrifice area and properly managing grazing
