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2017 HS Questions > (L) TACK, EQUIPMENT & FACILITIES > Flashcards

(L) TACK, EQUIPMENT & FACILITIES Flashcards

1
Q

What are two other names for a Saddle Seat saddle?

A

Cutback or flat saddle

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2
Q

Name the four basic styles of English girths.

A

String, elastic-end contour leather, threefold leather, balding leather

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3
Q

What is the most popular type of English saddle?

A

All-purpose

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4
Q

What is the most common type of rigging used on a trail saddle?

A

7/8

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5
Q

What are the two most common types of rigging used on endurance saddles?

A

5/8 and center fired

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6
Q

What refers to a sidesaddle made by quality makers from 1890 to 1940?

A

Old Name or ONES (Old Name English Saddles)

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7
Q

What is the term for the top pommel on a sidesaddle?

A

Fixed head

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8
Q

What is the term for the lower pommel on a sidesaddle?

A

Leaping horn

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9
Q

Which type of reins include horizontal loops of leather at intervals or a rubber coating for use in wet weather?

A

Web reins.

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10
Q

What is another name for the snaffle bit?

A

Direct pressure bit

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11
Q

What is the term for when an Equitation rider properly picks up the two sets of reins?

A

Addressing the reins

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12
Q

What is the common term for the Tom Thumb snaffle?

A

Cowboy snaffle

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13
Q

What portion of the jaquima functions as a safety device similar to a throatlatch?

A

Fiadore

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14
Q

How long is the mecate that is used in the true hackamore?

A

22 feet

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15
Q

Which two styles of martingales are used most frequently?

A

Running and standing (tie down)

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16
Q

Why is the standing martingale not recommended for trail riding?

A

If a horse stumbles, they cannot use their head freely to get up

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17
Q

Which type of martingale is useful for a horse that chronically rears?

A

German

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18
Q

Which type of martingale is meant to be used as a safety device that prevents the reins from coming over the horse’s head in the event of a fall?

A

Irish

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19
Q

Where is the Irish martingale most commonly used?

A

Europe

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20
Q

What are the most common causes of summer fires?

A

Electrical storms and hay comfustion

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21
Q

In hay storage, at least how much space should remain between the barn wall and bales of hay?

A

12 inches

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22
Q

Name three causes of winter fires.

A

Appliances, rodents chewing through wire, dust or cobweb accumulation on electrical surfaces

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23
Q

How thick should rubber mats be in order to withstand pawing?

A

5/8 inch

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24
Q

What is the minimum height of a stall?

A

8 feet

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25
Q

What is the minimum height of an alleyway?

A

9 feet

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26
Q

What is the minimum size of a stall?

A

10 foot by 10 foot

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27
Q

What is the minimum size of a foaling stall?

A

14 foot by 14 foot

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28
Q

What are the typical dimension of a tie stall?

A

5 foot by 9 foot

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29
Q

A minimum of how much space should remain between the top of a stall partition and the ceiling for adequate air movement?

A

1 foot

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30
Q

What are the three general types of lightbulbs?

A

Incandescent, compact fluorescent (CFL), light-emitting diode (LED)

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31
Q

Name two ways to increase the amount of natural light in a barn.

A

Windows and light colored walls

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32
Q

Why are incandescent lights considered less suitable for use in a barn compared to LED?

A

Generate heat

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33
Q

What is the strongest wood material?

A

Rough cut oak

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34
Q

What is the minimum height of a stall door?

A

8 feet

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35
Q

What is the minimum width of a stall manger?

A

24 inches

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36
Q

How far above the stall floor should the window be located?

A

5 feet

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37
Q

Why is tongue and groove board not recommended for use in stalls?

A

Horses can push off the groove between boards

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38
Q

Name two advantages to poured concrete stall walls.

A

Sturdy, easy to paint, easy to clean

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39
Q

What is the biggest problem associated with concrete stall walls?

A

Unforgiving and may lead to injury

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40
Q

What is the minimum height of the bottom portion of a Dutch door?

A

4 feet

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41
Q

Name two advantages to Dutch stall doors.

A

Better ventilation, less boredom, emergency exit

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42
Q

When outside temperatures are below what level, is the exchange rate of air fast enough to remove moisture and air contaminants from the barn?

A

60-70 degrees

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43
Q

How much ridge ventilation should there be per stall?

A

1 foot

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44
Q

How should a building be oriented in order to shield horses from prevailing winds?

A

Long axis perpendicular to the wind

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45
Q

In a trailer, how much lateral movement should a horse be permitted on each side?

A

3 inches

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46
Q

Temperature inside a trailer will exceed the outside temperature by how much?

A

10-15 degrees Fahrenheit

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47
Q

Which two forms of documentation are necessary when crossing most state borders?

A

Coggins test and current health certificate

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48
Q

How long is a health certificate considered current for?

A

30 days

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49
Q

In Western states, what may be legally required to transport horses our of brand territory, regardless of where the horse normally resides?

A

Brand inspection

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50
Q

What are the two types of brand inspection certificates?

A

Annual or lifetime

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51
Q

Name two situations in which the federal government requires a horse to be branded.

A

Equine Infectious Anemia and mustangs available for adoption

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52
Q

Which type of brand inspection certificate allows for travel through out the United States and Canada?

A

Lifetime

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53
Q

What are two ways in which horses can be tied in a trailer?

A

Panic snap or quick release knot

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54
Q

Horses that paw or kick in the trailer may need what special kinds of wraps?

A

Knee or hock pads

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55
Q

When traveling for more than how many hours, should a horse be unloaded, exercised and fed?

A

18 hours

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56
Q

Define topography.

A

Shape and slope of the land

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57
Q

What are the two types or harnesses?

A

Breast strap harness and Collar and Hames harness

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58
Q

Which type of harness is considered the simplest?

A

Breast strap harness

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59
Q

Which type of harness is used for medium to lightweight vehicles?

A

Breast strap

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60
Q

Which type of harness is used for heavier loads and vehicles?

A

Collar and Hames harness

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61
Q

What are two other names for blinders?

A

Blinkers and winkers

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62
Q

What are two other names for a check rein?

A

Side check and over check

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63
Q

What is the term for reins used in pleasure driving?

A

Lines

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64
Q

What are the two general types of bits that a fine harness may use?

A

Driving bit or overcheck bit

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65
Q

Which bit is most commonly used for draft driving?

A

Liverpool

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66
Q

Name four bits used in draft horse driving

A

Liverpool, half cheek snaffle, flory bit, sliding gag, elbow, Buston

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67
Q

What is the term for the firth on the fine harness?

A

Belly band

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68
Q

What are the straps that connect the collar or breast strap to the vehicle being pulled?

A

Traces

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69
Q

What is the colloquial term for breeching in a fine harness?

A

Britchen or hold back strap

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70
Q

What are the metal rings through which the lines of a fine harness pass?

A

Terrets

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71
Q

What is another term for the false martingale?

A

Pole strap

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72
Q

What are the three parts of the draft collar?

A

Afterwale, forewale, hames

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73
Q

What is the padded upper portion of the neck side of the collar?

A

Forewale

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74
Q

What is the lower portion of the body side of the collar?

A

Afterwale

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75
Q

What are the steel arms attached to the collar?

A

Hames

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76
Q

What are the three different types of vehicles?

A

Cart, four-wheeled, wagons

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77
Q

What is the simplest type of vehicle for carriage driving?

A

Cart

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78
Q

Which type of carriage will give a smoother ride compared to a cart?

A

Four-wheeled carriages

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79
Q

What type of vehicle consists of two wheels, a seat, springs and shafts?

A

Cart

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80
Q

What is a small, four wheeled wagon with a forward facing seat for the driver and seats along both sides for passengers?

A

Wagonette

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81
Q

What is a light, two wheeled vehicle used to transport children?

A

Governess

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82
Q

What is a two wheeled vehicle pulled by a single horse that has an enclosed passenger area in front of the coachmen’s seat?

A

Hansom Cab

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83
Q

What is a four wheeled carriage with lengthwise facing seats and a rear entrance used for public transportation?

A

Omnibus

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84
Q

Which carriage was originally used for foxhunting?

A

Gig

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85
Q

What is a four wheeled vehicle with an elevated front seat for the driver and a lower seat for passengers?

A

Phaeton

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86
Q

Name three materials for panniers.

A

Wood, rawhide, canvas, leather

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87
Q

How many cinches are used to secure the load when using a Decker pack saddle?

A

1

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88
Q

How many cinches are used to secure the load when using a Crossbuck saddle?

A

2

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89
Q

How long is the lash cinch used to secure the load on a pack saddle?

A

45-50 feet

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90
Q

Which type of hitch is used to secure the hanging gear that is attached to the side of a pack saddle?

A

Basket or barrel

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91
Q

Why is the single diamond hitch popular?

A

Secures load quickly and removed easily

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92
Q

What is a heavy canvas or poly-cover over the saddle with horizontal wooden bars at the bottom?

A

Half breed

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93
Q

Which type of pack saddle is best suited for sling loads where the load in mantied?

A

Decker

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94
Q

What connects the bars of a Crossbuck pack saddle?

A

Wooden “X’s”

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95
Q

What connects the bars of a Decker pack saddle?

A

2 D rings

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96
Q

What are special handles or leather loops that aid the vaulter in performing tasks?

A

Cossack straps

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97
Q

What is the traditional saddle used in the Peruvian Paso breed?

A

Guarnicion

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98
Q

What is the term for the crupper on the Peruvian Paso saddle?

A

Baticola

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99
Q

What is the term for the decorative pieces on a Peruvian Paso saddle that buckle to the back of the saddle and covers the dock and upper part of the tail?

A

Floron or tapacola

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100
Q

What are the straps on the Peruvian Paso saddle that encircle the hind legs and buckles to the back of the saddle?

A

Retrancas

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101
Q

Name three components of the horse’s physical environment.

A

Stall space, flooring, bedding, ventilation

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102
Q

Which portion of the horse’s environment includes how horses interact with each other?

A

Social environment

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103
Q

Name two components of the horse’s chemical environment.

A

Water quality, gases, air contaminants

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104
Q

Which portion of the horse’s environment includes disease organisms found in the air, water, feed and stall bedding?

A

Biological environment

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105
Q

Define tack.

A

Any and all equipment for horseback riding and driving

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106
Q

What are the three basic types of forward seat saddles?

A

All-Purpose, Close Contact, Dressage

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107
Q

What is the difference between the Close Contact and All-Purpose saddle?

A

Close Contact is deeper with a padded knee roll

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108
Q

What is the difference between rigging style and rigging position?

A

Rigging style indicates how the rigging rings are attached to the saddle, rigging position indicates where the cinch is attached.

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109
Q

What is the typical weight of a trail saddle?

A

30-35 pounds

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110
Q

What is another name for a forward seat saddle?

A

Hunt seat saddle

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111
Q

Which two types of western saddles place the rider over the horse’s center of gravity for maximum balance and control when performing maneuvers?

A

Reining and cutting

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112
Q

What are five of the eight main types of western saddles?

A

Trail or all-around, western pleasure, reining, barrel, roping, cutting, ranch, mounted shooting

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113
Q

Which type of western saddle often has in-skirt rigging?

A

Barrel or Gymkhana

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114
Q

What are heavy cords made of mohair in a cinch?

A

Strings

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115
Q

What is the most notable feature of the Australian stock saddle?

A

High “thigh rolls” located near the front of the saddle

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116
Q

Name two disciplines that commonly use rubber reins.

A

Racing and cross-country

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117
Q

What are two other terms for a Weymouth bridle?

A

Double bridle or full bridle

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118
Q

What is the range of the length of most mouthpieces?

A

4 1/2- 5 inches

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119
Q

What is the range of the length of most shanks?

A

3-8 1/2 inches

120
Q

What type of martingale is essentially a running martingale with additional leverage?

A

German

121
Q

Travel distance to a fire extinguisher should never exceed how much?

A

75 feet

122
Q

What triggered the enactment of the Standard on Fire and Life Safety in Animal Housing Facilities guidelines

A

Series of racetrack fires in 1976

123
Q

What is the purpose of the emergency paddock area in case of a fire?

A

Close enough for return to the barn for rescuing other horses, prevents horses from returning to their stalls.

124
Q

Why does topsoil need to be removed before starting to build the stall floors?

A

Minimize settling

125
Q

What are two major drawbacks to wood stall flooring?

A

Slippery when wet, prone to rodents

126
Q

Concrete uses how much more bedding than asphalt flooring?

A

20%

127
Q

What is the minimum length of the standing platform in a stall?

A

7 feet

128
Q

How much of the stall partition or wall should be solid?

A

7 feet

129
Q

What is the biggest drawback to LED lights?

A

Cost

130
Q

What are the two biggest advantages to LED lights?

A

Require less power and last longer

131
Q

What are the minimum dimensions for the overhang in a ridge vent?

A

12-14 inches

132
Q

What is the function of the false martingale?

A

Connects the breast collar or collar to girth

133
Q

Why is the martingale used in fine harnesses considered “false”?

A

Does not actually connect to the reins

134
Q

Name five parts of the fine harness.

A

Terrets, back pad, belly band, traces, martingale, back strap, hip strap, breeching, breast collar

135
Q

What is another name for the back strap in the fine harness?

A

Hip drop

136
Q

Which carriage takes its name from the French words meaning face-to-face?

A

Vis-a-Vis

137
Q

Name three carriages with four wheels.

A

Wagonette, Vis-a-Vis, Omnibus, Phaeton

138
Q

Name three carriages with two wheels.

A

Governess cart, Hansom Cab, Gig

139
Q

Name five stall flooring options.

A

Clay, sand/clay mix, limestone dust, wood, concrete, asphalt, rubber mats

140
Q

Name two options for rein materials.

A

Leather, synthetic, woven of cotton, wool fibers.

141
Q

What is the English equivalent to a hackamore?

A

Bitless bridle

142
Q

What are the three parts to the jacquima?

A

Fiadore, bosal, mecate

143
Q

Name three styles of breast collars.

A

Hunting, polo, three-piece, pulling, tripper

144
Q

Name two types of attachment for a breast collar.

A

3 point and 5 point

145
Q

How much space should exist between the top of the stall wall partitions and the loft floor ceiling?

A

12 inches

146
Q

Outlets and switch boxes should be made out of what material in order to comply with the NFPA 70 electrical code?

A

Metal

147
Q

What is the most important step in developing a facility plan?

A

Establish goals

148
Q

What is the highest cost involved in running a horse farm?

A

Labor

149
Q

What is considered the “standard” stall size?

A

12 foot by 12 foot

150
Q

Name five elements of the environment to consider when building a horse facility.

A

Topography, drainage, prevailing winds, solar radiation, precipitation, vegetation, soil characteristics

151
Q

What type of cart does a roadster pony use?

A

road “bike”

152
Q

What breed wears a guarnicion?

A

Peruvian Paso

153
Q

What are the 3 parts of a guarnicion?

A

Baticola, floran or tapacola and etrancas

154
Q

What is another name for a Weymouth bridle?

A

full or double bridle

155
Q

What 2 bits are used on a Weymouth bridle?

A

curb bit and small snaffle bit

156
Q

What does it mean to pay “full board” at a stable for a horse?

A

The stable will take care of all your horse’s needs

157
Q

What are your 3 options for keeping a horse?

A

At home, on rented pasture or at commercial boarding stable

158
Q

What can affect the cost of pasture rent?

A

Shelter, care and type of pasture

159
Q

A large paddock or a pasture can provide what for your horse?

A

Exercise

160
Q

What 8 types of equipment are needed for the full enjoyment of a horse?

A

Saddle, bridle, saddle pad, halter, lead rope, helmet, boots and basic grooming equipment

161
Q

What are the 3 basic grooming tools?

A

Hoof pick, brush and curry comb

162
Q

What is the general definition of tack?

A

All equipment used for horseback riding and driving

163
Q

What are the 3 basic hunt seat saddle types?

A

All-purpose, close contact and dressage

164
Q

What is the difference between All-Purpose and Close Contact Saddle?

A

The All-Purpose Saddle has a deeper seat than the Close Contact saddle and has knee rolls

165
Q

Describe a Close Contact Saddle.

A

Close Contact Saddle has a flat seat with forward short flaps and no extra knee roll

166
Q

What is the purpose of a dressage saddle?

A

To give rider optimum leg contact with the horse

167
Q

What are 2 other names for a saddle seat saddle?

A

Cutback or flat saddle

168
Q

What are 2 features of a saddle seat saddle?

A

The cutback pommel and straight flaps

169
Q

What is included when referring to fittings for an English Saddle?

A

Stirrup leathers, stirrup irons and girth

170
Q

How much extra room should a stirrup have?

A

1/4 inch on each side of the widest part of the rider’s foot when placed in the stirrup

171
Q

What type of stirrup has a heavy rubber band on the outside of the stirrup?

A

“Breakaway” stirrup

172
Q

What type of rider uses a “breakaway” stirrup?

A

A beginner rider

173
Q

What are the 4 basic styles of an English girth?

A

String, elastic-ended contour leather, threefold leather and balding leather girth

174
Q

What does a rigging style on a western saddle indicate?

A

Where the rigging rings or plates are attached to the saddle

175
Q

What are some features of a trail/all around western saddle?

A

Feature a deep seat, high swells and cantle, less decorative and a small horn

176
Q

What type of a western saddle is made for showing horses?

A

Western Pleasure or Equitation saddle

177
Q

What are some features of a reining saddle?

A

The seat is deep, low and slanted cantle, and puts the rider over the horse’s center of gravity for maximum balance

178
Q

What type of saddle is lightweight to increase a horse’s speed?

A

Barrel Racing Saddle

179
Q

What type of saddle is double wrapped in rawhide?

A

A Roping Saddle

180
Q

What type of saddle has upright horn, heavy and double-rigged?

A

A Roping Saddle

181
Q

What type of western saddle has a double-rigging and is comfortable?

A

Ranch Saddle

182
Q

What are 4 types of material used to make a cinch?

A

Leather, strings, felt and neoprene

183
Q

What do you call a western girth?

A

Cinch

184
Q

What is the purpose of 5/8 or center fire rigging on an endurance saddle?

A

To allow a full range of motion for the horse’s elbow motion

185
Q

What is the most notable feature on an Australian Stock Saddle?

A

A high “thigh roll”

186
Q

What type of saddle allowed ladies to ride?

A

Sidesaddle

187
Q

How many heads does a sidesaddle have?

A

2

188
Q

What is a head on the sidesaddle?

A

Pommel

189
Q

What are the 2 type of heads (pommel) on a sidesaddle?

A

Top pommel or fixed head and lower pommel or leaping head

190
Q

What are the 4 purposes of a saddle blanket and pads?

A

1) To protect the horse’s back
2) To absorb the sweat and moisture
3) To protect the saddle
4) To help the saddle fit better

191
Q

What are the 3 basic parts of the bridle?

A

Headstall, bit and reins

192
Q

What are 3 parts that both the English and Western bridle have?

A

Crown piece, cheek pieces and throatlatch

193
Q

What is the difference between an English and Western bridle?

A

A cavesson

194
Q

What are the 3 basic types of bits?

A

Snaffle bit, Curb bit and Hackamore

195
Q

What type of bit is a snaffle?

A

A direct pressure bit

196
Q

What type of bit is a curb?

A

A Leverage bit

197
Q

What type of bit is a Hackamore?

A

A bitless bridle

198
Q

Name 3 types of reins?

A

Leather, wool, cotton, web or rubber reins

199
Q

What types of mouthpieces does a snaffle bit have?

A

Jointed or straight with a ring at each end to which the reins are attached

200
Q

Name 4 types of snaffle bits.

A

D-ring, O-ring, full-cheek, hale-cheek, Fulmer and Egg Butt

201
Q

What parts of the horse does a direct pressure bit effect?

A

Corner of the mouth, tongue and bars

202
Q

Name 4 types of leverage bits?

A

Kimberwicke, Pelham, Curb, Gag, Elevator Bits and Mechanical Hackamores

203
Q

What parts of the horse does a leverage bit effect?

A

Poll and under the chin (or chin groove)

204
Q

What type of bit acts like both a snaffle and curb combined in one mouthpiece?

A

Pelham Bit

205
Q

What is another name for a weymouth bridle?

A

Double bridle of Full bridle

206
Q

What type of bridle has 2 bits?

A

Weymouth bridle, double bridle or full bridle

207
Q

What type of bridle has a curb and snaffle bit?

A

Weymouth bridle, double bridle or full bridle

208
Q

What do you call properly picking up reins in an equitation class?

A

“Addressing the Reins”

209
Q

What does the snaffle bit do on a weymouth bridle?

A

It is the steering bit

210
Q

What is another name for the snaffle bit of a weymouth bridle?

A

Bridoon Bit

211
Q

What does the curb bit do on a weymouth bridle?

A

It sets the horse’s head (higher or lower)

212
Q

What is a Tom Thumb sometimes referred as?

A

“A Cowboy Snaffle”

213
Q

What type of bit is used in harness that can be a snaffle or a curb bit?

A

Liverpool

214
Q

What is the bumpin the mouthpiece of a curb bit called?

A

Port

215
Q

Name 2 types of more severe bits used by experienced horsemen?

A

Gag bit, elevator bit, a spade bit or a mechanical hackamore

216
Q

What parts of the horse does a gag bit effect?

A

Corners, bars, tongue and poll

217
Q

What is the name of the bitless bridle?

A

A hackamore or jaquima

218
Q

What are 3 parts of the jaquima?

A

Bosal, fiador and mecate

219
Q

What is the function of the fiador?

A

It stabilizes the bosal and prevents the bridle from shifting

220
Q

To what parts of the horse does the jaquima apply pressure?

A

Nose, face, jaw, chin, poll and/or cheeks

221
Q

What are the 2 most common types of martingales?

A

Running martingale and Standing martingale

222
Q

What is the western version of a standing martingale?

A

Tie down

223
Q

What type of martingale is similar to a running martingale with more leverage?

A

German Martingale

224
Q

What type of martingale is used as a safety device?

A

Irish Martingale

225
Q

Name 3 types of martingales.

A

Running Martingale, Standing Martingale, German Martingale or Irish Martingale

226
Q

What ytpe of martingale is used in European racing?

A

Irish Maringale

227
Q

What keeps a saddle from sliding back or shifting side to side?

A

Breastplate or breast collar

228
Q

What is the difference between a breastplate and breast collar?

A

Breastplate is used in English riding and breast collar is used in western riding

229
Q

What do you call the tack used for driving a horse?

A

A harness

230
Q

What type of harness is used for show ring driving?

A

Fine harness or a Pleasure harness

231
Q

What type of horse uses a collar?

A

Draft horses

232
Q

What does a collar help a draft horse do?

A

Pull a lot of weight

233
Q

What type of harness is used for competitive driving?

A

Heavier harness

234
Q

What type of saddle has been used for packing and is light weight?

A

McClellan Saddle

235
Q

What are 2 types of traditional pack saddles?

A

Crossbuck (sawbuck) or decker

236
Q

What do you call the container on a pack saddle?

A

Panniers

237
Q

What is a Panniers?

A

The containers on a pack saddle that are used to carry supplies

238
Q

On a crossbuck, how are the bars connected?

A

By 2 wooden “X’s”

239
Q

On a decker, how are the bars connected?

A

By 2 steel “D-rings”

240
Q

What does breeching do on a pack saddle?

A

Keeps the saddle back when traveling downhill and keeps the load centered on the animal’s back

241
Q

What does the breast collar do on a pack saddle?

A

It keeps the pack saddle from slipping back and centered on the horse’s back when going uphill

242
Q

What type of pack saddle has single rigging (or cinch)?

A

Decker Pack Saddle or McClellan Saddle

243
Q

What type of pack saddle has a double rigging (or double cinch)?

A

Crossbuck Saddle

244
Q

From what types of materials are panniers made?

A

Wood, rawhide, leather or canvas

245
Q

What is used to secure the entire load in a pack saddle?

A

A lash rope and cinch tied in a hitch knot

246
Q

What are 4 types of hitches used on pack saddles?

A

Barrel hitch, basket hitch, single diamond, double diamond, half diamond, squaw or Arizona

247
Q

What type of saddle is used on a race horse for training and exercising?

A

Exercise saddle

248
Q

What type of saddle is used on a horse for during a race?

A

A race saddle

249
Q

What is a blinker?

A

A hood with ear and eye holes

250
Q

What are the 2 purposes of a tongue tie?

A

To prevent soft palate displacement which can interfere with their breathing and prevent a horse from getting their tongue over the bit

251
Q

What are the most common types of bits used in racing?

A

Ring bits and Loose ring snaffles

252
Q

What type of tack is used in fox hunting?

A

English saddle, breastplate, English bridle and martingale (optional)

253
Q

What color saddle pad is acceptable for fox hunting?

A

A plain white saddle pad

254
Q

May you use a martingale during a fox hunt?

A

Yes, if the mount needs it for control

255
Q

What piece of tack may be used during a fox hunt to increase the control of a rider’s horse?

A

A martingale

256
Q

What equipment is needed for a vaulting horse?

A

Smooth snaffle bridle, side reins, longeing cavesson (optional), vaulting surcingle, vaulting pad, a longe line and longe whip

257
Q

What does a vaulting surcingle need?

A

Rigid handles and Cossack straps (or Cossack loops)

258
Q

What is the maximum thickness of a pad used for vaulting when compressed?

A

2 inches

259
Q

How far may a vaulting pad extend both directions from the surcingle?

A

Nor more than 8 inches from the front of the surcingle and not past the point of the croup

260
Q

Are bandages and protective boots allowed on a vaulting horse?

A

Yes, they are optional

261
Q

What are 4 pieces of tack that are permitted in hunter over fences?

A

Standing martingale, standard English bits (both snaffle or leverage bits), smooth unroweled spurs, crop or bat, white saddle pad (either square or fitted) or wither pads

262
Q

What color may a wither pad be in hunter over fences?

A

White, off-white or a conservative color

263
Q

What shape may a pad be in hunter over fences?

A

Either square or fitted

264
Q

What are 5 pieces of tack NOT allowed in hunter over fences?

A

Flash nosebands/cavesson, drop noseband/cavesson, protective boots and wraps (except in inclement weather with judges approval), running martingale, tie downs, draw reins, gag or unconventional bits, western bits, converters on Pelham bits (some states do permit them), roweled spurs, hackamores or bitless bridles, colored saddle pads, embroidered pads with emblems, names, etc…

265
Q

What are 4 pieces of tack allowed in equitation over fences?

A

Protective boots and wraps, standing martingale, standard English bits (both snaffle or leverage bits), smooth unroweled spurs, crop or bat, white saddle pad (either square or fitted) or wither pads

266
Q

What are 3 pieces of tack allowed in hunter hack?

A

Standard English bits (both snaffle or leverage bits), smooth unroweled spurs, crop or bat, white saddle pad (either square or fitted) or wither pads

267
Q

What are 4 pieces of tack NOT allowed in equitation over fences?

A

Flash nosebands/cavesson, drop noseband/cavesson, running martingale, tie downs, draw reins, gag or unconventional bits, western bits, converters on Pelham bits (some states do permit them), roweled spurs, hackamores or bitless bridles, colored saddle pads, embroidered pads with emblems, names, etc…

268
Q

What are 5 pieces of tack NOT allowed in hunter hack?

A

Flash nosebands/cavesson, drop noseband/cavesson, protective boots and wraps (except in inclement weather with judges approval), standing martingale, running martingale, tie downs, draw reins, gag or unconventional bits, western bits, converters on Pelham bits (some states do permit them), roweled spurs, hackamores or bitless bridles, colored saddle pads, embroidered pads with emblems, names, etc…

269
Q

What are the 2 main types of harnesses?

A

Breast strap harness and collar and Hames harness

270
Q

What type of pulling is a breast strap harness used for?

A

Pulling medium to light weight vehicles and the most common used harness

271
Q

What type of pulling is a collar and hames harness used for?

A

Heavier loads and vehicles such as a draft horse

272
Q

What is the benefit of having a large padded collar?

A

It allows the horse to use more body weight to pull heavier loads

273
Q

Name 4 parts of a harness bridle?

A

Cavesson (noseband), Blinders (blinkers or winkers), lines (reins) and check rein (overcheck or sidecheck)

274
Q

What type of harness bridle has may have 2 different bits?

A

A fine harness bridle

275
Q

What are the names of the 2 bits used in a fine harness bridle?

A

Driving bit and Overcheck bit

276
Q

Name 3 types of draft horse bits.

A

Half cheek snaffle, glory bit, sliding gag bit, Liverpool bit, elbow bit and Buxton bit

277
Q

What type of draft horse bit can function as either a snaffle or a curb bit?

A

Liverpool bit

278
Q

Name 5 parts of a harness.

A

Back pad (saddle pad), belly band (girth), traces, martingale, back tsrap, hip strap, breeching, crupper and breast collar or collar/hames

279
Q

What type of harness may not include a breeching?

A

A fine harness

280
Q

What do you call the metal rings the lines pass through on the harness?

A

Terrets

281
Q

What type of martingale is used on a fine harness?

A

Running martingale

282
Q

Name 3 parts of a draft horse collar?

A

Forewale, afterwale and hames

283
Q

What is the padded upper portion of a draft horse collar called?

A

Forewale

284
Q

What is the lower portion of a draft horse collar called?

A

Afterwale

285
Q

What are the steel arms attached to the draft horse collar called?

A

Hames

286
Q

What are 3 basic types of vehicles used in driving?

A

Cart, four-wheeled carriage and wagon

287
Q

What are the 2 arms or poles that extend from the cart called?

A

Shafts

288
Q

What protective tack may be put on a horse for trailering?

A

Leg wraps

289
Q

What part of the horse’s leg should a leg wrap cover when trailering a horse?

A

From the knee or hock downward

290
Q

What can be put on a horse that kicks, paws or climbs the sides of the trailer while trailering?

A

Knee and hock pads

291
Q

What are the benefits of putting knee and/or hock pads on a horse while trailering?

A

Prevent swollen knees and capped hocks

292
Q

What are the 4 main areas involved in a horse’s environment?

A

Physical environment, social environment, chemical environment and biological environment

293
Q

What do you call the stall space, flooring, bedding and ventilation of a horse’s environment?

A

Physical environment

294
Q

What do you call the environment where horses interact with each other?

A

Social environment

295
Q

What do you call the environment that includes water quality, gases such as ammonia, oxygen and carbon dioxide and air contaminants (dust and mold)

A

Chemical environment

296
Q

What do you call the disease organisms found in a horse’s environment?

A

Biological environment

297
Q

What are the 4 keys to having healthy grass pastures?

A

Fertilizing (based on soil testing), controlling weeds, creating a sacrifice area and properly managing grazing

2017 HS Questions (12 decks)

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