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2017 HS Questions > (E) HISTORY & EVOLUTION > Flashcards

(E) HISTORY & EVOLUTION Flashcards

1
Q

Give the zoological classification of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species of the horse

A

Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae, Equus, Caballus

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2
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what kingdom?

A

Animalia

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3
Q

Name the classification of the horse

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

Preservation or extinction of a species is the result of what mechanism?

A

Natural selection, migration, mutation, and genetic drift

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5
Q

The classification of the horse that possesses a backbone or spinal column is known as what?

A

Subphylum

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6
Q

The Subphylum Vertebrate has what characteristics?

A

Vertebrate possess a backbone or spinal column

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7
Q

What is a notochord?

A

A flexible rod-shaped cord composed of cartilage-like material

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8
Q

What is the process of change and development

A

Evolution

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9
Q

During what ear did Eohippus live?

A

Early Eocene

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10
Q

During what ear did Mesohippus live?

A

Oligocene

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11
Q

Eohippus had how many toes in front, and how many toes behind?

A

Four toes in front, and three toes behind

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12
Q

Eohippus lived how many years ago

A

55 million years

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13
Q

How tall was Mesohippus?

A

About 24 inches high

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14
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what class?

A

Mammalia

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15
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what family?

A

Equidae

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16
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what genus?

A

Equus

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17
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what order?

A

Perissodactyla

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18
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what phylum?

A

Chordata

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19
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what species?

A

Caballus

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20
Q

List 4 physical characteristics of Eohippus?

A

Arched back, short neck, short legs and a long tail

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21
Q

Mesohippus lived how many years ago?

A

37-32 million years

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22
Q

Name 2 other names for Eohippus?

A

Hyracotherium and Dawn Horse

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23
Q

Orohippus lived at a similar time to who?

A

Eohippus

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24
Q

The class Mammalia has what characteristics?

A

Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates distinguished by hair or fur, typically give birth to live young and are nourished by females that secrete milk

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25
Q

The family Equidae possess how many teeth?

A

40-42

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26
Q

The order Perissodactyla is characterized by what?

A

Non-ruminant, odd-toed ungulated (hooved) mammals

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27
Q

The splint bones are the remnants of what toes?

A

Second and fourth

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28
Q

What did Eohippus eat?

A

Fruit and foliage

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29
Q

What was the size of Eohippus?

A

10-20 inches high

30
Q

Why do horses have long molars (high crowns) with complex edges?

A

To eat grasses that have a higher fiber content

31
Q

During what era did Parahippus live?

A

Miocene

32
Q

How tall was Merychippus?

A

10hh or 40”

33
Q

How tall was Pliohippus?

A

12 hh

34
Q

List the 8 evolutionary forms of Equus

A

Eohippus, Mesohippus, Miohippus, Parahippus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Plesippus, and Equus

35
Q

Merychippus lived in what era?

A

Miocene

36
Q

Miohippus lived how many years ago?

A

32-25 million years

37
Q

Parahippus lived how many years ago?

A

24-17 million years

38
Q

Parahippus was the size of what?

A

A German Shepherd

39
Q

Pliohippus lived how long ago?

A

12-6 million years

40
Q

What 3 evolutionary forms of the horse lived in the Miocene era?

A

Parahippus, Merychippus, and Pliohippus

41
Q

What are the 3 major groups of grazers?

A

Hipparions, protohippines, and true equines

42
Q

What early horse was the first to show a variable crest on the upper cheek teeth which became a characteristic in later horses?

A

Miohippus

43
Q

In what era did Pliohippus live?

A

Middle Miocene

44
Q

What event took place 10 million years ago that affected most horses in North America?

A

Volcanic eruption

45
Q

What was the first ancestor to start showing a sign of cups on the incisors?

A

Parahippus

46
Q

When did Merychippus live?

A

17 million years ago

47
Q

Where did Miohippus live?

A

Western U.S.

48
Q

Where did Pliohippus live?

A

North America

49
Q

Where was the Parahippus found?

A

On the Great Plains and in the Florida area

50
Q

Which early form of the horse is often referred to as the first single hoofed equine?

A

Pliohippus

51
Q

During the Pleistocene era there were how many species of the Equidae family?

A

50

52
Q

During what era did Plesippus live?

A

Pliocene

53
Q

During what era were there over 50 species of the Eduidae family?

A

Pleistocene

54
Q

Equus asinus was domesticated where?

A

Northeast Africa

55
Q

Equus burchelli is also know as what?

A

Plains zebra, common zebra or Burchell’s zebra

56
Q

Equus greyvi can survive for how long without water?

A

5 days

57
Q

Equus migrated from North America throughout the world over what?

A

The Bering Strait

58
Q

Evidence shows that some Plesippus made it to Asia via what?

A

Land bridge

59
Q

Plesippus lived how long ago?

A

3.5 million years ago

60
Q

The average Equus stands how tall?

A

17 hands

61
Q

The average Equus stands how tall?

A

up to 17 hands

62
Q

What early horse lived 3.5 million years ago?

A

Plesippus

63
Q

What is the common name of Equus greyvi?

A

Imperial zebra

64
Q

What is the largest zebra with the narrowest stripes?

A

Equus greyvi

65
Q

Equus hemionus is also known as what?

A

Asiatic ass

66
Q

Equus quagga became extinct when?

A

1865

67
Q

The Equus kiang ranges where?

A

Tibet, China, Nepal, and India

68
Q

What are the 7 subspecies that contributed to the ancestry of today’s horse?

A

Warmblood, Draft, Oriental, Tarpan, Pizewalski, Lamut, American Glacial

69
Q

Lamut because extinct in what year?

A

1905

70
Q

The last Tarpan became extinct when?

A

1876

71
Q

When was the last wild Przewalski horse captured?

A

1947

72
Q

Where was the American Glacial horse found?

A

Narrow strip of land not under glacial ice that ranged from the Rockies to New Jersey

2017 HS Questions (12 decks)

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