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2017 HS Questions > (E) HISTORY & EVOLUTION > Flashcards

(E) HISTORY & EVOLUTION Flashcards

1
Q

Give the zoological classification of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species of the horse

A

Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae, Equus, Caballus

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2
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what kingdom?

A

Animalia

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3
Q

Name the classification of the horse

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

Preservation or extinction of a species is the result of what mechanism?

A

Natural selection, migration, mutation, and genetic drift

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5
Q

The classification of the horse that possesses a backbone or spinal column is known as what?

A

Subphylum

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6
Q

The Subphylum Vertebrate has what characteristics?

A

Vertebrate possess a backbone or spinal column

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7
Q

What is a notochord?

A

A flexible rod-shaped cord composed of cartilage-like material

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8
Q

What is the process of change and development

A

Evolution

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9
Q

During what ear did Eohippus live?

A

Early Eocene

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10
Q

During what ear did Mesohippus live?

A

Oligocene

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11
Q

Eohippus had how many toes in front, and how many toes behind?

A

Four toes in front, and three toes behind

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12
Q

Eohippus lived how many years ago

A

55 million years

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13
Q

How tall was Mesohippus?

A

About 24 inches high

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14
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what class?

A

Mammalia

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15
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what family?

A

Equidae

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16
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what genus?

A

Equus

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17
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what order?

A

Perissodactyla

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18
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what phylum?

A

Chordata

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19
Q

In the zoological classification of the horse, the horse belongs to what species?

A

Caballus

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20
Q

List 4 physical characteristics of Eohippus?

A

Arched back, short neck, short legs and a long tail

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21
Q

Mesohippus lived how many years ago?

A

37-32 million years

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22
Q

Name 2 other names for Eohippus?

A

Hyracotherium and Dawn Horse

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23
Q

Orohippus lived at a similar time to who?

A

Eohippus

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24
Q

The class Mammalia has what characteristics?

A

Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates distinguished by hair or fur, typically give birth to live young and are nourished by females that secrete milk

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25
The family Equidae possess how many teeth?
40-42
26
The order Perissodactyla is characterized by what?
Non-ruminant, odd-toed ungulated (hooved) mammals
27
The splint bones are the remnants of what toes?
Second and fourth
28
What did Eohippus eat?
Fruit and foliage
29
What was the size of Eohippus?
10-20 inches high
30
Why do horses have long molars (high crowns) with complex edges?
To eat grasses that have a higher fiber content
31
During what era did Parahippus live?
Miocene
32
How tall was Merychippus?
10hh or 40"
33
How tall was Pliohippus?
12 hh
34
List the 8 evolutionary forms of Equus
Eohippus, Mesohippus, Miohippus, Parahippus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Plesippus, and Equus
35
Merychippus lived in what era?
Miocene
36
Miohippus lived how many years ago?
32-25 million years
37
Parahippus lived how many years ago?
24-17 million years
38
Parahippus was the size of what?
A German Shepherd
39
Pliohippus lived how long ago?
12-6 million years
40
What 3 evolutionary forms of the horse lived in the Miocene era?
Parahippus, Merychippus, and Pliohippus
41
What are the 3 major groups of grazers?
Hipparions, protohippines, and true equines
42
What early horse was the first to show a variable crest on the upper cheek teeth which became a characteristic in later horses?
Miohippus
43
In what era did Pliohippus live?
Middle Miocene
44
What event took place 10 million years ago that affected most horses in North America?
Volcanic eruption
45
What was the first ancestor to start showing a sign of cups on the incisors?
Parahippus
46
When did Merychippus live?
17 million years ago
47
Where did Miohippus live?
Western U.S.
48
Where did Pliohippus live?
North America
49
Where was the Parahippus found?
On the Great Plains and in the Florida area
50
Which early form of the horse is often referred to as the first single hoofed equine?
Pliohippus
51
During the Pleistocene era there were how many species of the Equidae family?
50
52
During what era did Plesippus live?
Pliocene
53
During what era were there over 50 species of the Eduidae family?
Pleistocene
54
Equus asinus was domesticated where?
Northeast Africa
55
Equus burchelli is also know as what?
Plains zebra, common zebra or Burchell's zebra
56
Equus greyvi can survive for how long without water?
5 days
57
Equus migrated from North America throughout the world over what?
The Bering Strait
58
Evidence shows that some Plesippus made it to Asia via what?
Land bridge
59
Plesippus lived how long ago?
3.5 million years ago
60
The average Equus stands how tall?
17 hands
61
The average Equus stands how tall?
up to 17 hands
62
What early horse lived 3.5 million years ago?
Plesippus
63
What is the common name of Equus greyvi?
Imperial zebra
64
What is the largest zebra with the narrowest stripes?
Equus greyvi
65
Equus hemionus is also known as what?
Asiatic ass
66
Equus quagga became extinct when?
1865
67
The Equus kiang ranges where?
Tibet, China, Nepal, and India
68
What are the 7 subspecies that contributed to the ancestry of today's horse?
Warmblood, Draft, Oriental, Tarpan, Pizewalski, Lamut, American Glacial
69
Lamut because extinct in what year?
1905
70
The last Tarpan became extinct when?
1876
71
When was the last wild Przewalski horse captured?
1947
72
Where was the American Glacial horse found?
Narrow strip of land not under glacial ice that ranged from the Rockies to New Jersey

2017 HS Questions (12 decks)

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