(C) ANATOMY & PARTS OF THE HORSE

Question 1

What is the body’s natural barrier to bacteria?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of healing skin?

Answer 2

Hemostasis, Inflammation, Proliferation, Maturation

Question 3

What are the 3 events that help stop bleeding?

Answer 3

Vasoconstriction, activation of platelets, initiation of clotting cascade

Question 4

What is another name for platelets?

Answer 4

Thrombocytes

Question 5

What are 4 ways the body signals an injury has occurred?

Answer 5

Rubor-redness, Calor-heat, Dolor-pain, Tumor-swelling

Question 6

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 6

Fight bacteria and remove damaged and dead cells

Question 7

What are the first type of white blood cells to go to the injury site?

Answer 7

Neutrophils

Question 8

In healing, what is the proliferation stage?

Answer 8

Creation of new tissue and the healing of blood vessels.

Question 9

During the maturation phase of healing, what happens?

Answer 9

Collagen fibers and fibroblast cells reorganize in lines and promote proper tension in tissues.

Question 10

What is another name for exuberant granular tissue?

Answer 10

Proud Flesh

Question 11

What are some things that can cause problems with the integument?

Answer 11

Bacteria, fungi, tumors, parasites

Question 12

What are some possible factors that cause proud flesh to grow?

Answer 12

Injuries in areas of high movement, infected tissues, wounds left open to heal, limited intact healthy skin to cover the wound, injury in an area that has little muscle or subcutaneous tissue.

Question 13

How many muscles does the horse have on its body?

Answer 13

over 700

Question 14

What are the 3 types of muscle in the body?

Answer 14

Smooth, cardiac and skeletal

Question 15

What is the function of muscles?

Answer 15

To generate movement and thermoregulation

Question 16

Why do muscles work in pairs?

Answer 16

To prevent injuries over extension and create movement back and forth.

Question 17

What is the thin muscle which covers the whole body and is more developed in the horse than many other species?

Answer 17

Panniculus

Question 18

What muscle causes the angle of hair follicles to maintain body warmth?

Answer 18

Arrectores pilorum

Question 19

What are the 5 parts of muscle?

Answer 19

Fasciles, sacrolemma, sacromere, myofibrils, sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 20

What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle?

Answer 20

Fast and slow

Question 21

When labeling muscles, what terms are used in designating size?

Answer 21

Maximus and minimus

Question 22

When referring to muscle length, what terms are used?

Answer 22

Longus and brevis

Question 23

What are the 4 basic shapes of muscles when labeling them?

Answer 23

Trapezoid, triangle, serrated, flat

Question 24

Describe the 4 shapes of Trapezius, Dletoid, Serratus, Platysma.

Answer 24

Trapezius-trapezoid, Deltoid-triangle, Serratus-serrated, Platysma-flat

Question 25

What are the muscles that close joints?

Answer 25

Flexor muscles

Question 26

What are the muscles that open joints?

Answer 26

Extensor

Question 27

When talking about methods of application of medicine to horses, how can they be given?

Answer 27

Topical, oral, intramuscular, intervenous, intra-articular

Question 28

What causes corns?

Answer 28

Cumulative damage from repeated trauma over several days, deep sole bruises.

Question 29

What is a hoof abscess?

Answer 29

A pus pocket or infection in sensitive tissue.

Question 30

How much blood does an adult horse have?

Answer 30

13 gallons

Question 31

What are the muscle fibers that are slow contracting, fatigue resistant and aerobic?

Answer 31

Type I

Question 32

Which specific muscle type is used for speed at longer distances?

Answer 32

Type IIA

Question 33

Which type of muscle fibers are used for quick bursts of speed over a short distance?

Answer 33

Type IIB

Question 34

What are the accessory organs that aid in digestion?

Answer 34

Teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

Question 35

What are the 2 primary thyroid hormones

Answer 35

T4 and T3

Question 36

What is sometimes referred to as the master gland?

Answer 36

Hypothalamus

Question 37

Why are bones important to the body?

Answer 37

They serve as attachment for muscles, provide locomotion, growth and storage of minerals.

Question 38

What are the phases of cell division?

Answer 38

Mitosis and cytokinesis