Klein

Question 1

Built on careful observations of young children, stressing the importance of the first 4 to 6 months after birth

Answer 1

object relations theory

Question 2

fundamental in object relations theory

Answer 2

child’s relation to the breast

Question 3

3 step relationship with the mother

Answer 3

• basic needs are cared for by their mother
• a safe, symbiotic relationship is developed with an all-powerful mother
• to have emerged from their mother’s protective circle and establish their separate individuality

Question 4

object relations theory is considered the offspring of freud’s ___

Answer 4

instinct theory

Question 5

proponent of object relations theory

Answer 5

melanie klein

Question 6

object relations theory put less emphasis on ____ and more importance on consistent patterns of _____

Answer 6

• biologically-based drives
• interpersonal relationships

Question 7

prime motive of human behavior acc to object-relations theory

Answer 7

human contact and relatedness

Question 8

focus of object relations theory

Answer 8

• child analysis
• play therapy

Question 9

unlike psychoanalysis, object relations theory focused on the ____ of life

Answer 9

4 to 6 months

Question 10

Psychic representations of unconscious id instinct

Answer 10

phantasies

Question 11

phantasies possessed unconscious ___ and ___ images

Answer 11

• good
• bad

Question 12

shapes unconscious phantasies

Answer 12

• reality
• inherited predispositions

Question 13

Symbolizes the objects for innate drives or instincts, including death instinct

Answer 13

objects

Question 14

Klein’s ‘objects’ is comparable to Freud’s concept of _______

Answer 14

superego

Question 15

conflicts between life and death instincts

Answer 15

positions

Question 16

2 positions

Answer 16

• paranoid-schizoid position
• depressive position

Question 17

way of organizing experiences that includes both paranoid feelings of being persecuted and a splitting of internal and external objects into the good and the bad

Answer 17

paranoid-schizoid position

Question 18

paranoid-schizoid position develops _____ old where ego’s perception of external world is ___ and ____

Answer 18

• 3-4 months old
• subjective and fantastic

Question 19

Viewing external objects a whole and sees that good and bad can exist in the same person (mother)

Answer 19

depressive position

Question 20

depressive position develops at ___ old

Answer 20

5 to 6 months old

Question 21

involves feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with a sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object

Answer 21

depressive position

Question 22

means of reducing anxiety

Answer 22

psychic defense mechanisms

Question 23

4 psychic defense mechanisms

Answer 23

• introjection
• projection
• splitting
• projective identification

Question 24

Infants fantasize taking into their body those perceptions and experiences that they had with the external objects

Answer 24

introjection

Question 25

introjected objects are influenced by children’s ____

Answer 25

fantasies

Question 26

fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body

Answer 26

projection

Question 27

Keeping apart incompatible impulses, developing a picture of both the ‘good me’ and the ‘bad me’ that enables them to deal with both pleasurable and destructive impulses toward external objects

Answer 27

splitting

Question 28

Splitting off unacceptable parts of themselves, project them into another object, and finally introject them back into themselves in a changed or distorted form

Answer 28

projective identification

Question 29

organized introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework

Answer 29

internalizations

Question 30

3 internalizations

Answer 30

• ego
• superego
• oedipus complex

Question 31

One’s sense of self, has the ability to sense both destructive and loving forces and to manage them to psychic defense mechanisms

Answer 31

ego

Question 32

Emerges early in life, not an outgrowth of Oepidus complex and much more harsh and cruel, an ego defense against realistic guilts

Answer 32

superego

Question 33

ego is most ____ at birth but strong enough to feel _____ and know how to reduce this and evolves with childhood experiences

Answer 33

• unorganized
• anxiety

Question 34

the children’s fear of retaliation from their parents for fantasies related to them

Answer 34

oedipus complex

Question 35

oedipus complex begins at much an earlier age, and reaches climax during _____

Answer 35

3-4 years old

Question 36

unlike freud’s oedipus complex, klein’s oedipus complex serves for _____

Answer 36

both male and female child

Question 37

in oedipus complex there is a need to establish ____ with ____ and avoid the bad

Answer 37

• positive attitude
• good object

Question 38

attachment to mother, rivals with father, and to develop abilities to reconcile unconscious positive and negative images of the breast (mother) and penis (father)

Answer 38

female/male oedipal development

Question 39

related works of object relations theory

Answer 39

• Margaret Mahler’s Psychological Birth
• Heinz Kohut’s Innate Narcissistic Self
• John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
• Mary Ainsworth’s Strange situation (caregiver
  and infant)