Fromm Flashcards
contributes to feelings of loneliness, isolation and homelessness
self-awareness
involves historical and cultural perspective rather than strictly a psychological viewpoint
humanistic psychoanalysis
resulted from burden of freedom and produced feelings of loneliness and isolation
basic anxiety
proponent of humanistic psychoanalysis
erich fromm
major theme of humanistic psychoanalysis
concept of loneliness
“to be human is to be ____”
isolated and lonely
represents the basic condition of human existence that separates human from animal nature
loneliness
contributions of fromm in understanding personality
- existential dichotomies
- escape mechanisms
- character orientations
- personality disorders
two-horned human dilemma (acquired facility to reason) or problem that has no solution because none of the alternatives it presents is entirely satisfactory
dichotomy
existence of dichotomies that characterize human condition give rise to the _____
5 basic needs
3 existential dichotomy
- aspiring for immortality but death is inevitable
- conceptualizing the goal of complete realization, but aware that life is too short to reach that goal
- people are ultimately alone, yet we can’t tolerate isolation
5 existential basic needs of human existence
- relatedness
- transcendence
- rootedness
- sense of identity
- frame of reference / orientation
the urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into ‘the realm of purposefulness and freedom’
transcendence
capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity. To say “I am I” or “I am the subject of my actions”
sense of identity
drive for union with another person through (1) submission (2)
power, and (3) love.
relatedness
need to establish roots or to feel at home again in the world
rootedness
Enables people to organize the various stimuli that impinge on them.
frame of reference / orientation
positive component of relatedness
love
positive component of transcendence
creativeness
positive component of rootedness
wholeness
positive component of sense of identity
individuality
positive component of frame of orientation
rational goals
negative component of transcendence
destructiveness
negative component of frame of orientation
irrational goals
negative component of relatedness
submission or domination
negative component of sense of identity
adjustment to a group
driving forces to cope with/reduce basic anxiety
mechanisms of escape
3 mechanisms of escape
- authoritarianism
- destructiveness
- conformity
seeking to do away with other people but not on a continuous relationship
destructiveness
Tendency to give up the independence of one’s own individual self and to fuse one’s self with somebody or something outside oneself, to acquire the strength that individual lacks
authoritarianism
2 forms of authoritarianism
- masochism
- sadism
giving up individuality and becoming whatever people desire them to be
conformity
A person’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things
character orientations
relatively permanent system of all noninstinctual strivings through which man relates himself to the human and natural world
character
Fromm believed that character is a substitute for _____
instincts
people related to the world in two ways:
- assimilation
- socialization
acquiring and using things
assimilation
relating to self and others
socialization
character orientations may be:
- nonproductive
- productive
nonproductive character orientations
- receptive type
- exploitative type
- hoarding type
- marketing type
Tendency to keep and save what was obtained, holding everything inside and do not let go of anything
- possessive
- suffocating
- living in the past
- repellant to anything new
hoarding type
- feels that the source of all good lies outside themselves
- more concerned with receiving than giving
- masochistic orientation
receptive type
sadistic orientation, believes that all good lies outside themselves but does not expect to receive it, so it should be taken forcibly
exploitative type
- sees self as a commodity, personal values dependent on what is in demand, new or opportunity
- without a past, future and no permanent principles of values
marketing type
productive character orientation
- working
- loving
- reasoning
people who work toward positive freedom and a continuing realization of their potential
productive character types
Healthy people value ____ not as an end in itself, but as a means of creating self-expression
work
has care, responsibility, respect and knowledge
productive love
a passionate love of life and all that is alive
biophilia
capacity for productive love starts with _____
self-love
motivated by a concerned interest in another person or object. They know themselves for who they are and have no need for self delusion
productive thinking (reasoning)
more of a function of the type of relationship between a child and his parents than of stages
development of personality
3 types of relationships between a child and his parents
- symbiotic relatedness
- withdrawal destructiveness
- genuine productive love
negative relatedness or distance and indifference
withdrawal destructiveness
entails the four essential elements of love
genuine productive love
failure to attain independence, signified immaturity and pseudo forms of love
symbiotic relatedness
4 essential elements of love
- mutual respect
- care
- responsibility
- knowledge
active concern for the life and growth of the loved person
care
ability to see the other person as he is and that the same time accept his unique individuality
respect
an ability and readiness to respond to the needs expressed/unexpressed of the person loved
responsibility
experience of union with another person with full awareness of the total being of his loved one
knowledge
3 severe personality disorders (syndrome of decay)
- necrophilia
- narcissism
- incestuous symbiosis
syndrome of growth
- biophilia
- love
- positive freedom
Alternative character orientation to biophilia; Happens when social conditions stunt the natural love of life, then adopts a necrophilic orientation
necrophilia
Impedes the perception of reality so that everything belonging to a narcissistic person is highly valued and everything belonging to another is devalued
malignant narcissism
extreme dependence on the mother or mother surrogate
incestuous symbiosis
aim of fromm’s psychotherapy
- for patients to come to know themselves
- to help patients find satisfaction of their basic human needs
Fromm’s view on dreams
- expressed in symbolic language
- universal
- accidental
- depend on the dreamer’s mood before going to sleep
