Bandura Flashcards
theory of albert bandura
social cognitive theory
allows people to learn without performing any behavior
observational learning
assumption that they learn through observing the behavior of other people
social cognitive theory
2 major kinds of learning
- observational learning
- enactive learning
_______ is much more efficient than learning through direct experience
observational learning
involves adding and subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another
modeling
modeling is the _____ of observational learning
core
modeling involves ______ and is not simply mimicry or imitation
cognitive processes
processes governing observational learning
- attention
- representation
- behavioral production
- motivation
Before we can model another person, we must attend to that person
attention
In order for observation to lead to new response patterns, those patterns must be symbolically represented in memory
representation
greatly speeds the process of observational learning
verbal coding
After attending to a model and retaining what we have observed, we then produce the behavior
behavioral production
Observational learning is most effective when learners are motivated to perform the modeled behavior
motivation
allows people to acquire new patterns of complex behavior through direct experience by thinking about and evaluating the consequences of their behaviors
enactive learning
assumes that human action is a result of an interaction among three variables — environment, behavior, and person
triadic reciprocal causation
partially determines which environmental events people attend to, what value they place on these events and how they organize these events for future use
cognition
an unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other
chance encounter
an environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended
fortuitous event
essence of humanness
human agency
core features of human agency
- intentionality
- forethought
- self-reactiveness
- self-reflectiveness
a proactive commitment to turn intentions into actions
intentionality
possessed to set goals and anticipate likely outcomes of actions and select behaviors that will produce such outcomes
forethought
process of motivating and regulating own actions
self-reactiveness
They are examiners of their own functioning; they can think about and evaluate their motivations, values, and the meanings of their life goals, and they can think about the adequacy of their own thinking
self-reflectiveness
people’s beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events
self-efficacy
self-efficacy is the _____ of human agency
foundation
people’s confidence that they have the ability to perform certain behaviors
efficacy
one’s prediction of the likely consequences of
that behavior
outcome expectancy
modes of human agency
- self-efficacy
- proxy agency
- collective efficacy
Involves indirect control over those social conditions that affect everyday living
proxy agency
People’s shared beliefs in their collective power to produce desired results
collective efficacy
possessed by people who have high levels of self-efficacy, confident in their reliance on proxies, and possess solid collective efficacy
self-regulation
regulating actions through moral standards
moral agency
external factors in self-regulation
- a standard for evaluating our own behavior
- providing the means for reinforcement
internal factors in self-regulation
- self-observation
- judgmental process
- self-reaction
helps us regulate our behavior through the process of cognitive mediation
judgmental process
justifying reprehensible actions by cognitive restructuring that permits the minimization or escaping of responsibility
redefining the nature of behavior
being denial of one’s own actions to avoid and ignore the consequences
distorting the consequences of behavior
attributing blame to the person on the other end
dehumanizing the victims
minimizing consequences by placing responsibility on an outside source
displacing responsibility
lends itself more to depressive reactions, phobias and aggressiveness
dysfunctional behavior
results to chronic misery, feeling of worthlessness and lack of purposefulness
depression
fears that are strong enough and pervasive enough to have severe debilitating effects on one’s daily life
phobias
acquired through observation of others, direct experiences with positive and negative reinforcements, training or instruction and bizarre beliefs
aggression
