Bandura

Question 1

theory of albert bandura

Answer 1

social cognitive theory

Question 2

allows people to learn without performing any behavior

Answer 2

observational learning

Question 3

assumption that they learn through observing the behavior of other people

Answer 3

social cognitive theory

Question 4

2 major kinds of learning

Answer 4

• observational learning
• enactive learning

Question 5

_______ is much more efficient than learning through direct experience

Answer 5

observational learning

Question 6

involves adding and subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another

Answer 6

modeling

Question 7

modeling is the _____ of observational learning

Answer 7

core

Question 8

modeling involves ______ and is not simply mimicry or imitation

Answer 8

cognitive processes

Question 9

processes governing observational learning

Answer 9

• attention
• representation
• behavioral production
• motivation

Question 10

Before we can model another person, we must attend to that person

Answer 10

attention

Question 11

In order for observation to lead to new response patterns, those patterns must be symbolically represented in memory

Answer 11

representation

Question 12

greatly speeds the process of observational learning

Answer 12

verbal coding

Question 13

After attending to a model and retaining what we have observed, we then produce the behavior

Answer 13

behavioral production

Question 14

Observational learning is most effective when learners are motivated to perform the modeled behavior

Answer 14

motivation

Question 15

allows people to acquire new patterns of complex behavior through direct experience by thinking about and evaluating the consequences of their behaviors

Answer 15

enactive learning

Question 16

assumes that human action is a result of an interaction among three variables — environment, behavior, and person

Answer 16

triadic reciprocal causation

Question 17

partially determines which environmental events people attend to, what value they place on these events and how they organize these events for future use

Answer 17

cognition

Question 18

an unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other

Answer 18

chance encounter

Question 19

an environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended

Answer 19

fortuitous event

Question 20

essence of humanness

Answer 20

human agency

Question 21

core features of human agency

Answer 21

• intentionality
• forethought
• self-reactiveness
• self-reflectiveness

Question 22

a proactive commitment to turn intentions into actions

Answer 22

intentionality

Question 23

possessed to set goals and anticipate likely outcomes of actions and select behaviors that will produce such outcomes

Answer 23

forethought

Question 24

process of motivating and regulating own actions

Answer 24

self-reactiveness

Question 25

They are examiners of their own functioning; they can think about and evaluate their motivations, values, and the meanings of their life goals, and they can think about the adequacy of their own thinking

Answer 25

self-reflectiveness

Question 26

people’s beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events

Answer 26

self-efficacy

Question 27

self-efficacy is the _____ of human agency

Answer 27

foundation

Question 28

people’s confidence that they have the ability to perform certain behaviors

Answer 28

efficacy

Question 29

one’s prediction of the likely consequences of
that behavior

Answer 29

outcome expectancy

Question 30

modes of human agency

Answer 30

• self-efficacy
• proxy agency
• collective efficacy

Question 31

Involves indirect control over those social conditions that affect everyday living

Answer 31

proxy agency

Question 32

People’s shared beliefs in their collective power to produce desired results

Answer 32

collective efficacy

Question 33

possessed by people who have high levels of self-efficacy, confident in their reliance on proxies, and possess solid collective efficacy

Answer 33

self-regulation

Question 34

regulating actions through moral standards

Answer 34

moral agency

Question 35

external factors in self-regulation

Answer 35

• a standard for evaluating our own behavior
• providing the means for reinforcement

Question 36

internal factors in self-regulation

Answer 36

• self-observation
• judgmental process
• self-reaction

Question 37

helps us regulate our behavior through the process of cognitive mediation

Answer 37

judgmental process

Question 38

justifying reprehensible actions by cognitive restructuring that permits the minimization or escaping of responsibility

Answer 38

redefining the nature of behavior

Question 39

being denial of one’s own actions to avoid and ignore the consequences

Answer 39

distorting the consequences of behavior

Question 40

attributing blame to the person on the other end

Answer 40

dehumanizing the victims

Question 41

minimizing consequences by placing responsibility on an outside source

Answer 41

displacing responsibility

Question 42

lends itself more to depressive reactions, phobias and aggressiveness

Answer 42

dysfunctional behavior

Question 43

results to chronic misery, feeling of worthlessness and lack of purposefulness

Answer 43

depression

Question 44

fears that are strong enough and pervasive enough to have severe debilitating effects on one’s daily life

Answer 44

phobias

Question 45

acquired through observation of others, direct experiences with positive and negative reinforcements, training or instruction and bizarre beliefs

Answer 45

aggression