Freud Flashcards
set of related assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
theory
not from a single concept, idea, or assumption
set
integrative, not isolated, capable of generating meaningful hypothesis and possessing internal consistency
related
not proven facts but accepted as if they were true
assumptions
to create meaning and contribute to the ongoing process of theory construction
logical deductive reasoning
suggests the possibility for future scientists to develop the necessary means to test the assumptions of the theory
testable
theory starts with ______
what you know or your experiences
why are there different theories?
- to further improve the objectivity in gathering data
- divergent theories can be useful references for agreement or contrast with other theories
- to further generate research and explain research data and other observations
- the nature of theory dictates having continuous speculations and assumptions in a particular perspective
all personality theories are:
- reflection of the authors’ personal background
- childhood experiences
- philosophy of life
- interpersonal relationships
- unique manner of looking at the world
what makes a theory useful?
- generates research
- is falsifiable
- organizes data
- guides action
- is internally consistent
- is parsimonious
has the ability to stimulate and guide further research
generates research
2 different kinds of research that a useful theory generates:
- descriptive
- hypothesis-testing
has the ability to be confirmed or disconfirmed, verify or falsify through research
falsifiable
a theory is falsifiable because it is ______
not fixed
capable of integrating what is currently known
organizes data
stimulates thought and action in other disciplines and broad range of scholarly fields
guides action
its limitation of scope are carefully defined and it does not offer explanation outside its bounds of scope
internally consistent
simple, straightforward, understandable
parsimonious
law of parsimony
“plurality should not be posited without necessity”
proponent of classical psychoanalytic theory
sigmund freud
freud learned to treat hysteria from
Jean-Martin Charcot
freud learned catharsis from
Josef Breuer
focus of psychoanalysis
hysteria
age wherein personality is already complete
5
catharsis =
venting out
levels of mental life
- conscious
- preconscious
- unconscious
mental elements of awareness at any given point in time
concsious
conscious level are perceptions that are not too ____but disguised as ______ or dream elements
- threatening
- defense behaviors
perceived consciousness in a transitory period but is disguised
preconscious
the preconscious is disguised as:
- defensive behaviors
- slip of the tongue
- dream elements
slip of the tongue is called
Freudian slip
contains all the drives, urges, instincts beyond awareness motivating words, feelings, and actions
unconscious
unthreatened level
conscious
level in which some threats are present but the preconscious coats them with defense mechanisms
preconcsious
fundamental rule of psychoanalysis
free association
free association is simply ______
bringing out your catharsis
dreams (acc to freud) can be either translated into either:
- sexual urges
- wish fulfillment
types of dreams
- manifest
- latent
3 kinds of dream distortion
- condensation
- synthesis
- dislocation
summary of one’s day
synthesis
dream wherein the person is in one place but is actually thinking of another place
dislocation
occurs when a single dream image carries two or more familiar creatures
condensation
states that all human behaviors has a cause, nothing happened by chance
everyday life
everyday life includes:
- lapses of memory
- freudian slips
disturbed area of your life
humor
for a joke to be funny, it must contain _____
anxiety-provoking material
structure of personality is also called
provinces of the mind
most primitive part of the mind
id
id is governed by what principle
pleasure principle
id exists on what level of the mind
unconscious
in contact with reality
ego
ego is governed by
reality principle
used by ego to defend itself against anxiety, from mediation of divergent forces
defense mechanisms
ego acts as the _____ between the id and superego
mediator
represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality
superego
superego is governed by what principle
moralistic & idealistic principle
is superego realistic in its demands for perfection?
no, because it grows out of the ego and has no contact with reality
superego is divided into:
- conscience
- ego-ideal
why should the id and superego not be always conflicted?
the ego will be troubled
is there ego & superego in psychosis?
no, id overpowers the two
motivational principle behind people’s actions
dynamics of personality
characterized by an impetus, a source, an aim, and an object
drives
2 major headings of drives
- sex
- aggression
______ is the eros, while _____ is the thanatos
- sex
- aggression
sex drive
libido
life instinct; drive for recreation
sex
death instinct
aggression (thanatos)
result of conflict between the 3 structures of personality
anxiety
3 kinds of anxiety
- reality anxiety
- neurotic anxiety
- moral anxiety
fear that id will overwhelm the ego and cause for punishment
neurotic anxiety
fear that superego will not be headed and result to guilt
moral anxiety
real, objective source of danger in the environment
reality anxiety
it is the “should have & could have”
moral anxiety
defense mechanisms:
- repression
- regression
- displacement
- introjection
- reaction formation
- projection
- rationalization
- denial
- intellectualization
- sublimation
- fixation
pushing thoughts into the unconscious
repression
coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable outcome
rationalization
unaccepted feeling, trait, or doing is repressed and seen in someone else instead
projection
redirecting one’s feelings toward another person to lesser threatening things
displacement
channeling one’s frustration toward something creative and cultural accomplishment
sublimation
permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development
fixation
undertaking an academic, unemotional study of a topic to cover up feelings / anxiety
intellectualizatio
not accepting the ego-threatening truth
denial
returning to an earlier, comforting form of behavior
regression
to increase personal feelings of worth by taking on the characteristics of someone viewed successful
introjection
psychosexual stages of development
- oral stage
- anal stage
- phallic stage
- latency stage
- genital stage
child represses sexual interest, develops social and intellectual skills
latency stage
latency stage is also called
interlude
time of sexual reawakening
genital
mouth is the erogenous zone
oral stage
genitals are the erogenous zone
phallic stage
anus is the erogenous zone
anal stage
crucial in anal stage
toilet training
2 complexes under phallic stage
- oedipal complex
- electra complex
applications of psychoanalytic theory
- birth trauma
- free association and hypnotherapy
- transference and countertransference
- dream analysis and wish fulfillment
- freudian slips
term for the trauma after being separated from the womb of the mother
birth trauma
inconsistent personality, dangerous, constantly changing
incongruent personality
incongruent personality happens if
the person wasn’t able to regulate the 3 structures of personality
