Kinetics 6.5 - 9.5

Question 1

Time required for the amount of drug to fall by 50%

Answer 1

HALF-LIFE (t½)

Question 2

Unit for hal-life

Indicates the time required to 50% of
steady state – or to decay 50% from steady
state conditions

Answer 2

Unit: Time (hrs)

Question 3

HALF-LIFE

Derived parameter, determined by ____ and ___

Answer 3

Vd and CL

Question 4

Every time na dumadaan ung blood carrying the
blood in the organs of elimination like the liver or
the kidneys, the drug is eliminated and the half-life
is shortened or the drug’s presence in the plasma.

N/A

Question 5

Determines the rate at which blood concentration
rises during a constant infusion and falls after
administration is stopped

Answer 5

HALF-LIFE (t½)

Question 6

What do you call this?

Intravenous administration only reaches
100 percent bioavailability
■ Unity or 100%

Answer 6

BIOAVAILABILITY

Question 7

T/F: Administration by other routes: Reduced by incomplete absorption

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Drugs are more absorbed in the _________.
because it has a larger surface area.

Answer 8

SMall intestines

Question 9

The ______ determines the rate at which blood
concentration rises during a constant infusion and falls after administration is stopped

Answer 9

half-life

Question 10

T/F: half
life is increased before
eliminating/clearing.

Answer 10

tRUE

Question 11

Whenever drug doses are repeated, the drug will accumulate in the body until dosing stops.

This is because it takes an infinite time (in
theory) to eliminate all of a given dose

Answer 11

DRUG ACCUMULATION

this means that if the
dosing interval is shorter than four
half-lives, accumulation will be detectable.

Question 12

Accumulation is (directly/inversely) proportional to the
fraction of the dose lost in each dosing interval.

Answer 12

inversely

Question 13

Average total amount of drug in the body does not
change over multiple dosing cycles

Answer 13

Steady state

Question 14

Rate of drug input equals the rate of elimination

Answer 14

Steady state

Question 15

PEAK AND TROUGH CONCENTRATIONS

determines the desired trough levels of a drug given intermittently

• MEC
• MTC

Through concentration ay kinukuha just before the
next dose. Bago ka uminom or orally or bago iinject
ng Intravenous

Answer 15

MEC (Minimum Effective Conc.)

Question 16

PEAK AND TROUGH CONCENTRATIONS

determines the permissible peak plasma concentration
- MEC
- MTC

The peak will be less than or below the minimum
toxic concentration. Peak concentration ay kinukuha when it is already fully absorbed and distributed

Answer 16

MTC (Minimum Toxic Conc. )

Question 17

Depends on the extent of absorption

Answer 17

Bioavailability

Question 18

Bioavailability

T/F: If it undergoes the first pass effect by the liver, the speed or rate of their absorption as well as the site of their administration

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

is defined as the fraction of
unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route

Answer 19

Bioavailability

Question 20

T/F:The area under the blood concentration-time curve
(AUC) is proportional to the dose and the extent of
bioavailability for a drug if its elimination is
first-order

Answer 20

True

Question 21

is proportional to the dose and the extent of
bioavailability for a drug if its elimination is
first-order

Answer 21

The area under the blood concentration-time curve
(AUC)

Question 22

T/F: For an intravenous dose, bioavailability is assumed to be equal to unity

Answer 22

True

Question 23

For a drug administered orally,
bioavailability may be less than 100% for two main reasons:

Answer 23

1. incomplete extent of absorption across the gut wall
2. first-pass elimination by the liver

Question 24

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION, BIOAVAILABILITY

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 100 by definition
Characteristics:Most rapid onset

Answer 24

Intravenous (IV)

Question 25

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 75 to ≤100
Characteristics: Large volumes
often feasible; may be painful

Answer 25

Intramuscular
(IM)

Question 26

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 75 to ≤100
Characteristics:Smaller volumes
than IM; may be painful

Answer 26

Subcutaneous
(SC)

Question 27

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 5 to ≤100
Characteristics: Most convenient;
first-pass effect 5 to ≤100may be important

Answer 27

Oral (PO)

Question 28

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 30 to ≤100
Characteristics: Less first-pass effect than oral

Answer 28

Rectal (PR)

Question 29

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 5 to ≤100
Characteristics: Often vary rapid onset

Answer 29

Inhalation

Question 30

Routes: ______
Bioavailability: 80 to ≤100
Characteristics: Usually very slow
absorption; used for lack of
first-pass effect; prolonged duration of action

Answer 30

Transdermal