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[MT 6314] - 1st Shifting > [4] Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

[4] Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of the biologic system on drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

Dose concentration relationship that deals with the processes of absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

Amount of drug reaching the plasma

A

Drug concentration

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4
Q

True or False: Drugs need to be separated so free drug is absorbed and distributed

A

TRUE

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5
Q

True or False: Tissue concentration is not proportional to plasma drug concentration

A

FALSE

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6
Q

The measure of the ability of the body to eliminate the drug, most important parameter in designing dosage regimen

A

Clearance

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7
Q

Compliance of patient is important, variation in bioavailability are usually due to variation in metabolism

A

Absorption

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8
Q

Process of delivery to interstitial and intracellular fluids

A

Distribution

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9
Q

The measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug.

A

Volume of Distribution

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10
Q

It describes the predictable relationship between plasma drug concentration and concentration at the receptor site where a given drug produces its therapeutic effect.

A

Kinetic Homogeneity

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11
Q

Most appropriate time to measure drug concentration

A

Absorption is complete

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12
Q

2 hours after the dose, acidic drugs bind to

A

Albumin

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13
Q

Basic drugs bind to

A

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

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14
Q

True or False: The more highly protein bound drug will displace, the less protein bound drug

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Unique for a particular drug in a particular patient

A

Effective drug concentration

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16
Q

Two important parameters for effective drug concentration

A

Volume of Distribution, Clearance

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17
Q

Volume of distribution formula

A

Vd = (amt of drug in body)/ (plasma drug conc)

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18
Q

Unit for volume of distribution

A

Liters or Vd/kg

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19
Q

An increase in plasma drug concentration would result to

A

a decrease in volume of distribution

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20
Q

Drug binding to blood and plasma protein

A

Low distribution

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21
Q

Drug bound to peripheral receptors

A

High distribution

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22
Q

Clearance formula

A

CL=rate of elimination/plasma concentration

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23
Q

Unit for clearance

A

ml/min, L/hr, CL/body wt.

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24
Q

Clearance depends on:

A

Drug, blood flow, condition of the organs of elimination

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25
Q

True or False: In most drugs, clearance varies over the concentration range

A

FALSE

26
Q

Formula for Rate of Elimination

A

CL * Plasma drug concentration

27
Q

Rate of drug administration is equal to rate of elimination

A

Steady state concentration

28
Q

Time it takes for concentration of a drug to fall to 50% of an earlier measurement.

A

Half-life (t1/2)

29
Q

Unit for half life

A

hrs

30
Q

Half life formula

A

t1/2 = (0.693 x Vd) / CL

31
Q

True or False: Half life is dependent of volume distribution

A

TRUE

32
Q

Bioavailability formula

A

F = (amount of drug in the plasma/dose of drug administered)

33
Q

It is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route

A

Bioavailability

34
Q

Fraction of the administered dose of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation

A

Bioavailability

35
Q

Route with 100% bioavailability and has the most rapid onset, potentially immediate effects although it has increased risk of adverse effects. F=1

A

Intravenous

36
Q

Route with 75-100% bioavailability with large volumes often feasible; may be painful, appropriate for self administration and has slow sustained from repository preparations. 0.75< F < 1

A

Intramuscular

37
Q

Route with 75-100% bioavailability with smaller volumes than IM; may be painful. 0.75 < F < 1

A

Subcutaneous

38
Q

Route with 5 to less than 100 % bioavailability and most convenient but first pass effect may be important, requires patient compliance. 0.05 < F < 1

A

Oral

39
Q

Route with 30 to less than 100% bioavailability and less first-pass effect than oral

A

Rectal

40
Q

Route with 5 to less than 100% bioavailability and often very rapid onset

A

Inhalation

41
Q

Route with 80-100% bioavailability and usually very slow absorption; used for lack of first-pass effect; prolonged duration of action

A

Transdermal

42
Q

Directly related to concentration

A

Immediate effect

43
Q

Due to distributional delay

A

Delayed effect

44
Q

Constant infusion that uses intermittent dosing only

A

Cumulative effect

45
Q

When desired therapeutic effects are produced.

A

Target concentration

46
Q

Plan for drug administration over a period of time. Achievement of therapeutic levels of the drug in the body without exceeding the minimum toxic concentration.

A

Dosage Regimens

47
Q

Dosing rate formula

A

Dosing rate = (CL x desired plasma conc) / bioavailability

48
Q

Dose needed to maintain a steady state of concentration; to maintain plasma concentration over periods of time

A

Maintenance dose

49
Q

Loading dose formula

A

Loading dose = (Vd x desired concentration) / Bioavailability

50
Q

Administered for drugs with long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state; to achieve target plasma level rapidly

A

Loading dose

51
Q

Given to promptly raise the concentration of the drug to the target concentration.

A

Loading Dose

52
Q

True or False: If loading dose is large, dose should be given rapidly to prevent toxicity

A

FALSE

53
Q

Most important parameter in designing dosage regimen

A

Clearance

54
Q

Fraction or percentage of the drug removed from the perfusing blood during passage through the organ

A

Extraction Ratio

55
Q

Drugs are eliminated unchanged or as metabolites

A

Excretion

56
Q

Important organs for excretion

A

Kidneys, Liver, GIT, Breast, Lungs

57
Q

Safe “opening” between the MEC and the MTC of the drug.

A

Therapeutic Window

58
Q

It determines the desired trough levels of a drug given intermittently.

A

Minimum effective concentration

59
Q

Determines the peak

A

Maximum toxic concentration

60
Q

It determines the permissible peak plasma concentration

A

Minimum Toxic concentration / Maximum Therapeutic Concentration

[MT 6314] - 1st Shifting (23 decks)

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