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[MT 6314] - 1st Shifting > QUIZLET Unit 3 - Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

QUIZLET Unit 3 - Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

pom75

1
Q

Volume of distribution measures the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug.

T/F

A

true

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2
Q

Hepatic elimination on bioavailability.

A

first pass effect

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3
Q

most convenient route

A

oral

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4
Q

route of administration that is Usually very slow absorption

A

transdermal

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5
Q

Reflect the time required for the drug to distribute from plasma to the site of action.

A

delayed

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6
Q

Also known as nonlinear elimination.

A

capacity-limited

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7
Q

Drug effects that are directly related to plasma concentration.

A

immediate

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8
Q

Type of effect seen for almost all drugs.

Immediate Effects
Delayed Effects
Cumulative Effects
All of the given
None of the given

A

delayed

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9
Q

route of administration that may be painful

A

intramuscular, subcutaneous

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9
Q

changes in drug effects are often delayed in relation to changes in ______ ______

A

plasma concentration

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10
Q

t/f “Pharmacokinetics governs the concentration-effect part of the interaction, whereas pharmacodynamics deals with the dose-concentration part.”

A

false

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10
Q

t/f

The standard dose of a drug will be suitable for all patients.

A

false

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11
Q

Pharmacokinetic variable/s.

clearance
volume of distribution
both
neither

A

both

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12
Q

“At steady state, the dosing rate (rate in) must equal the rate of elimination (rate out)”

A

maintenance dose

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12
Q

Calculated from the dose divided by the AUC.

A

clearance

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12
Q

t/f “Drugs absorbed from suppositories in the lower rectum enter vessels that drain into the inferior vena cava, thus bypassing the liver.”

A

true

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13
Q

t/f

“At concentrations that are high relative to the Km, the elimination rate is almost independent of concentration, a state of pseudo-zero order elimination.”

A

true

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14
Q

“Blood flow to the organ is the main determinant of drug delivery, but plasma protein binding and blood cell partitioning may also be important for extensively bound drugs that are highly extracted.”

A

true

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15
Q

true or false

The ratio of the rate of elimination of the drug compared to the plasma drug concentration defines volume of distribution.

A

false

clearance toh!!!

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15
Q

80 to 100% Bioavailability.

Oral
IV
IM
SC
Transdermal

A

transdermal

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15
Q

Just enough drug is given in each dose to replace the drug eliminated since the preceding dose.

Maintenance dose
Loading dose
Both
neither

A

maintenance dose

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16
Q

Also known as saturable elimination.

A

capacity-limited elimination

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16
Q

t/f

Volume distribution is the ratio of the amount of the drug in the body compared to the plasma concentration

A

true

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16
Q

type of dose wherein The volume of distribution is the most important proportionality factor.

Maintenance dose
Loading dose

A

loading dose

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17
Q

Greater when administered as a constant infusion than with intermittent dosing.

A

none of the given

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18
Q

The measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain the drug.

A

volume of distribution

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19
Q

Due to the slow turnover of a physiologic substance that is involved in the expression of the drug effect

A

delayed effects

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19
Q

t/f Systemic clearance is affected by bioavailability.

A

false

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20
Q

t/f “The standard dose of a drug is based on trials in healthy volunteers and patients with the average ability to absorb, distribute, and eliminate the drug.”

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Volume of distribution is the ratio of the amount of the drug in the body compared to the plasma concentration

True
False

A

true

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21
Q

Also known as concentration-dependent elimination

A

capacity limited elimination

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22
Q

Determined by the site of administration and the drug formulation.

A

rate of absorption

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23
Q

75 to ?100% Bioavailability.

A

sc, im

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23
Q

The factor that predicts the rate of elimination in relation to the drug concentration

Clearance
Volume of distribution
both
neither

A

clearance

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24
Q

Less first-pass effect than oral.

A

rectal

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25
Q

Most rapid onset

Intravenous (IV)
Intramuscular (IM)
Subcutaneous (SC)
Oral (PO)
Rectal (PR)
Inhalation
Transdermal

A

Intravenous (IV)

25
Q

Drug effects that are directly related to plasma concentrations

Immediate Effects
Delayed Effects
Cumulative Effects
All of the given
None of the given

A

Immediate Effects

25
Q

Also known as mixed-order elimination.

capacity limited elimination
flow limited elimination
both
neither

A

capacity limited elimination

26
Q

t/f

“Suppositories tend to move upward in the rectum into a region where veins that lead to the liver predominate, thus only about 50% of a rectal dose can be assumed to bypass the liver.”

A

true

27
Q

“The pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, and elimination determine how rapidly and for how long the drug will appear at the target organ.”

True
False

A

false

27
Q

The hepatic first-pass effect can be avoided to a great extent by, EXCEPT “

Sublingual tablets
Transdermal patches
Rectal suppositories
Oral tablets

A

Oral tablets

27
Q

Effective drug concentration is the drug that reaches the systemic circulation.

True
False

A

true

27
Q

Drug elimination pathways when blood flow to an organ does not limit elimination.

capacity limited elimination
flow limited elimination
both
neither

A

capacity limited elimination

27
Q

Target Concentration Design for Dosage Regimen

Maintenance Dose
Loading Dose
both
neither

A

both

28
Q

time it takes for the amount of the drug falls to half of the earlier measurement is known as

Steady state concentration
Dosing regimen
Half-life
Elimination time

A

Half-life

29
Q

The measure of the ability of the body to eliminate the drug

Clearance
Volume of distribution
Half-life
Bioavailability

A

Clearance

29
Q

t/f

Males metabolize drug faster than females

A

true

30
Q

attacks the heme

Enzyme inducer
Enzyme inhibitor

A

Enzyme inhibitor

31
Q

classified as suicide inhibitors

Enzyme inducer
Enzyme inhibitor

A

Enzyme inhibitor

32
Q

reduces rate of degradation of p450 enzymes

Enzyme inducer
Enzyme inhibitor

A

Enzyme inducer

33
Q

Bioavailability is dependent on the following factors EXCEPT:

Extent of absorption
First pass effect
Site of administration
Elimination

A

Elimination

33
Q

Blood cell partitioning is the main determinant of drug delivery, but plasma protein binding and blood flow to the organ may also be important for extensively bound drugs that are highly extracted

true/false

A

false

kasi BLOOD FLOW to the organ is the main determinant for drug delivery

33
Q

true / false

“At concentrations that are high relative to the Km, the elimination rate is almost independent of concentration a state of first order elimination.”

A

false

33
Q

affected by drug delivery as well as plasma protein binding and blood cell partitioning

Capacity limited elimination
Flow limited elimination
Both
Netiher

A

Flow limited elimination

33
Q

Used for drugs with long half-lives

Maintenance dose
Loading dose
Both
neither

A

loading dose

33
Q
  1. systemic clearance
  2. bioavailability

directly proportional
inversely proportional
no relation

A

no relation

33
Q

Hyperthyroidism speeds up the metabolism of drugs

true
false

A

true

33
Q

GOAL: Maintain a concentration higher than minimum
therapeutic level at all times

Maintenance dosage
Loading dosage

A

Maintenance dosage

33
Q

hepatic first past effect is avoided to a greater extent in?

A

transdermal, sublingual tablets

33
Q

drugs with _____ ______ ______ ratio have large 1st pass effect

A

high hepatic extraction ratio

33
Q

major source of drug elimination

A

kidneys, liver

33
Q

Drugs absorbed from suppositories in the lower rectum enter vessels that drain into the _______, thus bypassing the liver

A

inferior vena cava

33
Q

rate if absorption is determined by?

A

site of administration

33
Q

Plan for drug administration over a period of time

A

dosage regimen

33
Q

fraction of the drug removed from the perfusing blood during passage to the organ

A

extraction

33
Q

hepatic first past effect is avoided to a lesser extent in?

A

rectal suppositories

33
Q

Dose needed to maintain a steady state of concentration

A

maintenance dose

33
Q

Desired therapeutic effects are produced

A

dosage regimen

34
Q

Maintain plasma concentration within a specified range over long periods of therapy

Maintenance dosage
Loading dosage

A

Maintenance dosage

34
Q

For drugs with long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state

Maintenance dosage
Loading dosage

A

Loading dosage

34
Q

_______ is the most important parameter in defining rational drug dosage

A

clearance

34
Q

More highly protein bound drug will displace the less protein bound drug

true or false

A

true

34
Q

what is the plan for drug administation over a period of time

A

dosing regimens

34
Q

Volume of distribution (Vd) is important

Maintenance dosage
Loading dosage

A

Loading dosage

34
Q

Given to promptly raise the concentration of the drug to the target concentration

Maintenance dosage
Loading dosage

A

Loading dosage

34
Q

Type of dose used for drugs with very long half-lives and longer time to reach a steady state

Maintenance dose
Loading dose

A

Loading dose

34
Q
  1. rate of plasma drug concentration
  2. rate of elimination

directly proportional
inversely proportional
no relation

A

directly proportional

34
Q
  1. rate of elimination
  2. rate of drug concentration

directly proportional
inversely proportional
no relation

A

inversely proportional

34
Q

rate of infusion = rate of elimination

A

steady state

34
Q

Which is important in loading dose?

Volume of distribution (Vd)
Clearance (CL)

A

Volume of distribution (Vd)

34
Q

how much time does it take to reach steady state

A

4 half lives

34
Q

acidic drugs bind to what type of plasma protein?

A

albumin

34
Q

basic drugs bind to what type of plasma protein?

A

alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

34
Q

Which is important in maintenance dose?

Volume of distribution (Vd)
Clearance (CL)

A

Clearance (CL)

34
Q

Fraction or percentage of the drug removed from the perfusing blood during passage through the organ.

A

extraction ratio

34
Q

How many percent of the drug is cleared after 4 half lives?

A

94%

34
Q

Creatinine clearance is a good indicator of _____ function

A

renal

34
Q

MTC determines the permissible ____ plasma concentration

A

peak

34
Q

MEC determines the desired _____ levels of a drug given intermittently

A

trough

[MT 6314] - 1st Shifting (23 decks)

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