Kinetic Chain

Question 1

Form Closure

Answer 1

Efficiency of joint structures (how well a joint aligns); primarily consists of bones and connective tissues

Question 2

Force Closure

Answer 2

Ability of soft tissue to maintain joint integrity; includes muscles and fascia

Question 3

Kinetic Chain

Answer 3

Force transfer across body segments for efficient movement

Question 4

Local Muscle Systems

Answer 4

Function in anticipatory manner to brace body segment for oncoming force; controls neutral joint position; isometric

Question 5

Global Muscle Systems

Answer 5

Responsible for motion/regional stability; function in a phasic manner

Question 6

Examples of local stabilizers

Answer 6

TVA, pelvic floor, diaphragm, internal obliques

Question 7

Global Mobilizers

Answer 7

Generate torque to produce movement; emphasis on movement in sagittal plane; contracts concentrically and absorbs impact

Question 8

Concept of Function

Answer 8

Cooperation/coordination between bodily segments to manage environments and conditions efficiently without undue stress or restriction

Question 9

Interactive Elements of Function

Answer 9

Form closure, force closure, motor control & emotional state

Question 10

Motor Control

Answer 10

Proficiency of the neuromuscular system to anticipate and react to external stimuli; activation of motor units to produce movement via appropriate force

Question 11

Training for Improved Function

Answer 11

Mobility, muscle balance, passive/active elements of stabilization, effective muscle activation, neuromuscular coordination

Question 12

Dysfunction

Answer 12

Musculoskeletal deficiencies create poor posture & faulty movement patterns, leading to reduced efficiency and increased injury risk

Question 13

What muscle relationship is responsible for local stability in a joint?

Answer 13

Agonist/antagonist

Question 14

Smaller, internally-located muscles aid the ligaments in holding bony segments in place

Answer 14

Local systems

Question 15

Phasic muscles activation pattern is

Answer 15

Not constant, cooperates with other muscles

Question 16

Depending on variables like type of action and direction of force, global system muscles may

Answer 16

Aid in stability through phasic actions or function as global mobilizers

Question 17

Global Stabilizers

Answer 17

Generate force to control ROM; contract eccentrically for deceleration and rotational control

Question 18

Force closure supports deficiency of form closure by

Answer 18

increasing compressive force across joint surface to counter offsetting forces

Question 19

What factors determine the mobility and stability of a motion segment?

Answer 19

Shape, structure & orientation of a joint

Question 20

A joint most efficiently resists shear stress when it reaches a

Answer 20

Close-packed position

Question 21

A close-packed position

Answer 21

Maximizes congruence of articulating surface and tension of associated ligaments

Question 22

To suggest a person is functional means:

Answer 22

Proper symmetry is aligned in form/force closure
Efficient activation patterns are expressed by the CNS
Muscle balance is maintained in regional joints
Force transfer is uncompromised across the kinetic chain