Energy Systems

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

Describes processes of various energy/macronutrient use within the body and the function of energy systems for fuel provision during exercise

Question 2

Maximal muscular work lasting 1-3 seconds

Answer 2

ATP; vertical jump, 1RM

Question 3

ATP rest period

Answer 3

90 seconds

Question 4

Creatine phosphate

Answer 4

Organic compound capable of storing and providing high energy phosphate elements to fuel muscular contraction

Question 5

Refuels ATP stores to deliver short, powerful bouts of work lasting 10-15 seconds

Answer 5

Creatine phosphate; 3RM, 100 meter sprint

Question 6

CP rest period

Answer 6

2-5 min depending on activity and volume

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

Simple sugar molecule; primary source of metabolized fuel for glycolytic energy

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

Stored form of carbohydrate; skeletal muscle (3-400g), liver (75-100g)

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

Metabolic process breaks down glucose to provide ATP

Question 10

Moderate intensity work up to 90 sec; contributes to aerobic system

Answer 10

Glycolytic

Question 11

Lactic acid (lactate)

Answer 11

Used by various tissue to fuel continuous work; initial buffer to H+ during glycolysis

Question 12

Pyruvate

Answer 12

End product of sugar metabolism during glycolysis in the presence of oxygen; broken down in Krebs cycle to aid aerobic metabolism

Question 13

Ischemia

Answer 13

Low oxygen state caused by tissue acidity

Question 14

Ischemia occurs as excess H+ builds, causing a drop in acidity which may:

Answer 14

Inhibit enzyme reactions
Alter calcium handling
Localized muscular fatigue

Question 15

Lactate is shuttled to various tissues to aid in

Answer 15

Gluconeogenesis

Question 16

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

Answer 16

Muscle soreness expedited by inflammatory response to cellular damage, ischemia and spasms; presents 24-72 hours after intense work, new exercises, heavy eccentrics and high volume

Question 17

Steady state

Answer 17

O2 use matches demand; HR levels off no more than +/- 5 BPM

Question 18

Oxygen deficit

Answer 18

Elevated O2 consumption after exercise to pay back anaerobic demand bringing body to homeostasis

Question 19

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 19

Increase in O2 consumption following strenuous activity due to oxygen deficit

Question 20

Metabolic Equivalent (MET)

Answer 20

Multiples of resting metabolic rate; one MET = oxygen uptake rate of 3.5 ml/kg/min

Question 21

Aerobic System

Answer 21

Metabolic pathway where mitochondrion utilize substrates of fat, carbs & protein to produce ATP in presence of oxygen

Question 22

Krebs Cycle

Answer 22

Aerobic metabolism of compounds to produce ATP; sparked by pyruvate from glycolysis; signals the body that more energy is needed

Question 23

Fuels ongoing work >3 min until CHO stores are depleted

Answer 23

Aerobic system

Question 24

Fat burning zone

Answer 24

Lower intensity training (<65% VO2 max) predominantly fueled by fat

Question 25

FatMax (aerobic threshold)

Answer 25

Highest intensity of work sustained by fat as a fuel source; 60-70% VO2 max in trained individuals; 60-80% HRmax

Question 26

Each energy pathway determines:

Answer 26

Magnitude of potential force
Sustainability of force output
Total force produced from energy system
Rest intervals

Question 27

Fatigue sets in when

Answer 27

CHO stores are depleted, elevated metabolites in working muscles

Question 28

Protein sparing is facilitated when

Answer 28

blood glucose and glycogen storage is adequate

Question 29

The body metabolizes BCAAs to maintain glucose levels for the CNS when

Answer 29

Glycogen is depleted

Question 30

Lack of CHO will cause significant fatigue, reduced performance and protein catabolism even when

Answer 30

O2 and lipid levels can meet work demand

Question 31

Acute peripheral fatigue

Answer 31

Cells experience dysfunction due to a metabolic reduction in pH

Question 32

General peripheral fatigue

Answer 32

Lack of energy in working tissues due to low pre-exercise stores or localized depletion; recovery period needed

Question 33

Central fatigue

Answer 33

Systemic depletion of CHO; reduced motor unit recruitment & firing; reduction in exercise intensity until refueled/recovered

Question 34

Rest periods

Answer 34

Period between sets; dictated by energy system use

Question 35

Recovery periods

Answer 35

Period of time between separate exercise bouts so adaptation can occur

Question 36

The only carbon-fuel nutrient that yields energy without the use of oxygen

Answer 36

Glucose

Question 37

The end products of glycolysis include

Answer 37

2 ATP molecules, lactate & pyruvate

Question 38

The body maintains ATP levels through metabolic processes that happen in the

Answer 38

Cytosol or mitochondria

Question 39

Anaerobic processes can support work lasting up to

Answer 39

3 minutes

Question 40

Cellular oxidation in aerobic metabolism refers to

Answer 40

Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids, pyruvate from glucose and deaminated amino acids

Question 41

In short aerobic bouts of exercise at mild intensity, 50% of oxygen recovery will occur within

Answer 41

30 seconds; “fast component”

Question 42

EPOC “slow component” can last up to

Answer 42

24 hours

Question 43

In aerobic exercise, the three largest determinants of of efficiency are

Answer 43

Number & size of mitochondria
Concentration of enzymes
Amount of 02 rich blood delivered