Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
Volume of oxygen (VO2)
Product of oxygenated blood pumped from heart per min (cardiac output) and amount of oxygen used by bodily cells at a given time (a-v O2 difference)
Cardiac output (CO)
Heart rate x stroke volume
(a-v) O2 difference
Difference in o2 saturation between arteries & veins (blood leaving vs returning); indicates O2 uptake efficiency
Stroke volume
Volume of blood expelled per contraction from left ventricle of heart
Diastole
Relaxation state of heart between beats; atrial chambers fill with blood
Systole
Contraction state of heart; ventricles pump blood to body
Hemoglobin
Protein in RBCs transports oxygen to tissues
Heart pushes blood to lungs via
Pulmonary artery
Oxygen diffuses into blood across
Alveoli in the lungs
Myocardium
Heart muscle; specialized to allow for continuous contractions; enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium delivery systems
Cardiac muscle can be fueled by
Fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, lactate, ketones
Arteries
Large, muscular-walled vessels transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to bodily tissues
Arterioles
Smaller, thinner-walled arteries connect to capillaries
Capillaries
Smallest vessels with the thinnest walls; O2 and nutrient exchange, waste product removal
Veins
Pump deoxygenated blood back to heart and lungs; valve system