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CPT > Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Volume of oxygen (VO2)

A

Product of oxygenated blood pumped from heart per min (cardiac output) and amount of oxygen used by bodily cells at a given time (a-v O2 difference)

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2
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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3
Q

(a-v) O2 difference

A

Difference in o2 saturation between arteries & veins (blood leaving vs returning); indicates O2 uptake efficiency

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4
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood expelled per contraction from left ventricle of heart

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5
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation state of heart between beats; atrial chambers fill with blood

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6
Q

Systole

A

Contraction state of heart; ventricles pump blood to body

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7
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Protein in RBCs transports oxygen to tissues

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8
Q

Heart pushes blood to lungs via

A

Pulmonary artery

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9
Q

Oxygen diffuses into blood across

A

Alveoli in the lungs

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10
Q

Myocardium

A

Heart muscle; specialized to allow for continuous contractions; enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium delivery systems

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11
Q

Cardiac muscle can be fueled by

A

Fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, lactate, ketones

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12
Q

Arteries

A

Large, muscular-walled vessels transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to bodily tissues

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13
Q

Arterioles

A

Smaller, thinner-walled arteries connect to capillaries

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessels with the thinnest walls; O2 and nutrient exchange, waste product removal

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15
Q

Veins

A

Pump deoxygenated blood back to heart and lungs; valve system

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16
Q

An adequate cool down period is needed so that

A

Rapid blood flow back to heart is not impeded

17
Q

Venous blood pooling can cause

A

Acute ischemia, leg heaviness, fainting and life threatening episodes among older adults

18
Q

Function of blood

A

Temperature, fluid, electrolyte & PH regulation
Transports enzymes
Carries hormones
Removes CO2 & waste products
Transports nutrients & O2
Coagulates to prevent fluid loss

19
Q

Males tend to have higher CO and VO2max due to

A

Larger heart sizes and more muscle mass

20
Q

Endurance training enhances CO through

A

Increased ventricular mass & size
Increased stroke volume
Increase capillary/mitochondrial density for O2 extraction

21
Q

Primary Pulse Assessment Locations

A

Carotid, radial

22
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Measure of force exerted by circulating blood against arterial walls; modulates in response to activity, nutrition, body size & health status

23
Q

Major factors that impact peripheral resistance include

A

Body size, nutrition, obesity & vessel disease

24
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Specialized receptors in large arteries that detect changes in pressure and inform CNS to decrease/increase BP or HR

25
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

Moving heavy load while holding breath; not recommended for those with high blood pressure

26
Q

Hypertension

A

Clinical diagnoses of high BP; has negative effect on cardiovascular function and causes vascular damage over time

27
Q

Factors that influence BP during resistance training

A

Valsalva maneuver
Intra-abdominal pressure
Compressive forces via contractions
Elevated CO
Dehydration
External compressive force

28
Q

Mechanisms that regulate blood flow to working muscles

A

CNS via adjustments in BP & shunting of flow
Hormonal communications between tissue that impact dilation/constriction
Increased capillary activity in working muscles

29
Q

Rate pressure product (RPP)

A

Estimate of myocardial O2 demand, efficiency and cardiovascular disease risk; heart rate x systolic blood pressure; >11k = high risk

30
Q

Lactate threshold

A

Max intensity of work that a steady state condition can be maintained; lactate accumulation exceeds removal; indicates acidity in tissue & blood

31
Q

During continuous, steady state exercise

A

Ventilation is linear to O2 uptake

32
Q

During intense exercise

A

Ventilation increases disproportionately to O2 uptake

CPT (31 decks)

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