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CPT > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Regulates bodily function & maintains homeostasis through network of organs that communicate directives to various tissues

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2
Q

Eustress

A

Positive, desirable form of stress; increased: neural efficiency, vascular compliance, O2 extraction, cardiac function, musculoskeletal integrity & function

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3
Q

Distress

A

Negative form of stress; increased: platelet adhesion, cortisol production, LDL & triglycerides, susceptibility to inflammation, loss of protein sparing

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4
Q

Role of hormones

A

Released by endocrine glands to direct actions of other tissues via chemical messenger

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5
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Cholesterol based compounds impact sexual development, reproduction, tissue synthesis, inflammation, metabolism (cortisol, estrogen, testosterone)

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6
Q

Polypeptide hormones

A

Chains of amino acids synthesized within endocrine cells, activate secondary messengers (insulin, glucagon)

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7
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Releases growth hormone

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8
Q

Thyroid

A

Releases thyroxine

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9
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Releases aldosterone, cortisol

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10
Q

Growth Hormone Action

A

Stimulates IGF, protein synthesis, growth & metabolism

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11
Q

Thyroxine Action

A

Stimulates metabolic rate, regulates cell growth & activity

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12
Q

Aldosterone Action

A

Promotes sodium, potassium metabolism & water retention

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13
Q

Cortisol Action

A

Promotes use of fatty acids and protein catabolism, conserves sugar, maintains blood glucose

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14
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Releases epinephrine, norepinephrine

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15
Q

Epinephrine action

A

Increases cardiac output, increases glycogen catabolism and fatty acid release

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16
Q

Norepinephrine action

A

Properties of epinephrine, constricts blood vessels

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17
Q

Pancreas

A

Releases insulin, glucagon

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18
Q

Insulin action

A

Promotes cellular glucose uptake, stores glycogen, aids in protein synthesis

19
Q

Glucagon action

A

Releases sugar from liver into blood circulation

20
Q

Liver

A

Releases insulin like growth factors

21
Q

IGF action

A

Increases protein synthesis

22
Q

Ovaries

A

Release estrogen

23
Q

Estrogen action

A

Stimulates bone remodeling activity; female sex hormone

24
Q

Testes

A

Release testosterone

25
Q

Testosterone action

A

Stimulates growth, increases protein anabolism, reduces body fat; male sex hormone

26
Q

Anabolic hormones

A

Compounds involved in tissue growth and protein synthesis

27
Q

Growth hormone

A

Promotes cell division by facilitating protein synthesis; mobilizes lipids for fuel, protecting glycogen stores

28
Q

IGF1

A

Central signalling hormone for muscle growth following resistance training

29
Q

Testosterone

A

Anabolic hormone in men and woman; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics in men and acts on gene expression of protein synthesis; men have 10x women

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Steroid hormone integral to bone health in men and women; promotes secondary sex characteristics in women; men convert to estradiol

31
Q

Carbohydrates are metabolized into glucose to

A

Regulate blood sugar levels

32
Q

Pancreas has two main functions

A

Produce digestive enzymes to break down macronutrients for absorption in lining of small intestine; regulate blood sugar levels through release of insulin and glucagon

33
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Abnormally high blood glucose levels; can damage bodily tissues including vascular structures (diabetes)

34
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Abnormally low blood glucose levels; metabolic demands of brain and CNS can’t be met

35
Q

Glucagon

A

Stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver to increase blood glucose levels

36
Q

Insulin

A

Pulls blood glucose into tissue; dysfunction associated with insulin resistance and diabetes

37
Q

Thyroid

A

Primary regulator of growth and metabolism rate; acts via T3 & T4

38
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Low thyroid activity; results in weight gain, can retard growth & mental development

39
Q

Catecholamines

A

Potent neurotransmitters that help the body respond to stress or elicit fight/flight response (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine)

40
Q

Cortisol

A

Released in response to exercise stress and low glucose levels; chronic elevation associated with overtraining

41
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Acute increase in adrenal activity; enhanced CO, blood flow, energy metabolism in response to perceived threat

42
Q

Adrenal glands are very important to managing

A

Exercise based stress response

43
Q

Hormone response to anaerobic training

A

Increased: GH, T3/T4, cortisol & epinephrine (heavy only), testosterone
Decreased: Insulin

44
Q

Hormone response to aerobic training

A

High intensity (above lactate threshold) increases GH
Testosterone suppressed in high intensity training
Higher insulin sensitivity, glucagon when prolonged
Steady catecholamines
Increased cortisol when prolonged
Does not stimulate GH-IGF pathways

CPT (31 decks)

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