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Comp 1 > Kinesiology > Flashcards

Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

Newton’s first law

A

equalibrium: A body at rest will stay at rest

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2
Q

Newtons second law

A

Acceleration: a particle subjected to a resultant force will accelerate in the direction of that force and the magnitude of acceleration will be proportional to the force of manitude

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3
Q

Newtons third law

A

action/reaction: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

first class lever

A

FAR

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5
Q

second class lever

A

ARF

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6
Q

third class lever

A

AFR

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7
Q

Viscoelastic properties

A

Time dependent
Rate dependent
Hysteresis

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8
Q

Strain reaches equilibrium over time

A

Creep phenomenon

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9
Q

Stress strain curve

A

Toe region: min stress
Elastic region: up to yield point
Plastic region: permanent deformation
Failure point: rupture

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10
Q

Optimal stimulus for bone

A

loading along the axis of the bone

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11
Q

Optimal stimulus for cartilage

A

intermittent compression and decompression

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12
Q

Optimal stimulus for ligaments and tendons

A

tensile stress in the line of fiber orientations

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13
Q

fusiform muscles are for

A

velocity

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14
Q

penniform muscle are for

A

force

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15
Q

types of penniform muscles

A

unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

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16
Q

muscle fiber types

A

I: slow oxidative (one joint, first to atrophy)
IIa: fast oxidative glycolytic
IIb: fast glycolytic

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17
Q

with concentric contraction, greater force can be produced as slower speed and with eccentric contraction, greater force produced at faster speeds

A

force velocity curve

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18
Q

120% of resting length is optimal for greatest force production because mas cross bridges

A

Length-tension relationship

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19
Q

for the same muscle force production, the scenario with the greatest moment arm will have the greatest torque

A

Moment arm distance

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20
Q

Same muscle length

A

Isometrics

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21
Q

Fixed resistance

A

Isotonic

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22
Q

Constant speed

A

Isokinetic

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23
Q

Variable load torque and speed

A

Isodynamic

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24
Q

Adaptations to strength training

A

first is neurogenic second is hypertrophy

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25
inability of a two joint muscle to perform a concentric contraction over one joint when it is shortened over another
active insufficiency
26
inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen over one joint when it is already lengthened over another
Passive infufficiency
27
Ligament sprain with 0-25% tear, no instability
first degree
28
Ligament sprain with 26-75% tear, some instability
second degree
29
Ligament sprain with 75-100% tear, definite instability
third degree
30
Muscle strain with mild, minimal swelling, loss of ROM and function
first degree
31
Muscle strain with moderate, mod swelling, significant loss of ROM and funciton
second degree
32
Muscle strain with severe, extensive swelling, severe loss of ROM and complete loss of function
third degree
33
A junction between bone that allows for slight to no movement
synarthrosis
34
types of synarthrosis joints
fibrous | Cartilaginous
35
a junction that allows moderate to extensive movement
diarthrodial (synovial)
36
types of diarthrodial for synovial joints
uniaxial biaxial triaxial
37
LE pronation
hip IR, and flex (shortening of limb)
38
LE supination
Hip ER and ext (lengthening of limb)
39
The angle in the frontal plane between the neck of femur and medial side of femoral shaft
Angle of inclination
40
norm angle of inclination
125
41
Coxa Valgum results
lengthen limb decrease mechanical advantage increased jt reaction force decreased hip stability
42
Coxa Varum results
shortens limb | longer moment arm for hip(decreased jt rxn forces)
43
The angle between a line that runs through femoral head and neck, and a line that runs between the femoral condyles
angle of torsion
44
norm angle of torsion
15 degrees anteversion
45
hip abduction force is decrease substantially and total jt force is substantially less when a cane is used on the...
contralateral side
46
Closed chain pronation | calcaneal, Talar, Tibial, knee, hip
eversion, PF and adduction, internal rotation, flexion, internal rotation
47
Closed chain supination | calcaneal, Talar, Tibial, knee, hip
inversion, DF and abduction, external rotation, extension, external rotation
48
10 degrees of ER in last 30 degrees of knee extension
screw home mechanism
49
Ankle Pronation open chain
calcaneal eversion calcaneal abd calcaneal DF
50
ankle pronation closed chain
calcaneal eversion talar add talar PF
51
Ankle supination open chain
calcaneal inv calcaneal add calcaneal PF
52
Ankel supination closed chain
Calcaneal inv talar abd talar DF
53
4 pts of normalcy
tibia is vertical clacaneus is in line with the tibia metatarsals are in a plane that is perpendicular to the calcaneus metatarsals are in the same plane
54
forefoot varus NWB
forefoot inverted STJ neutral clac vertical
55
forefoot varus WB
forefoot flat STJ pronated calc everted foot pronates too long
56
forefoot valgus NWB
forefoot everted STJ neutral calc vertical
57
forefoot valgus NWB
forefoot flat STJ supinated calc inverted foot supinates too soon
58
rearfoot varus NWB
forefoot inverted STJ neutral calc inverted
59
rearfoot varus WB
forefoot flat STJ pronated calc vertical Foot pronates too much
60
a plantarflexed foot
equinus
61
Exercise progression
ROM, strength, balance, func strength, straight jog, straight run, sprint, jump, agility, specific skills, return to sport
62
Determinants of gait
``` pelvic rotation lateral pelvic tilt lateral shift knee flexion ankle DF heel rise ```
63
Gait pelvic rotation
6-10 degrees
64
gait lateral pelvic tilt
1 inch on swing side
65
gait lateral shift
1-2 inch
66
gait knee flex early in stance
15-20 degrees
67
Ankle DF in early stance
10 degrees max
68
Phases of gait
``` Stance phase (60%) Swing phase (40%) ```
69
Stance phases
initial contact and loading response 10% mid stance 20% terminal stance 20% pre swing 10%
70
Swing phases
initial swing 13% mid swing 14% terminal swing 13%
71
hip in initial contact
20-35 degrees flex
72
knee in loading response
15 degrees of flex
73
ankle in terminal stance
10 degrees DF determinant of gait
74
ankle in pre swing
20 degrees DF
75
hip in pre swing
0-10 degrees ext
76
Knee in initial swing
mas flexion 60 degrees
77
Gait temporal values
``` cadence stance time swing time single support (mid stance and terminal stance) double support gait speed ```
78
gait distance variables
stride length step length step width step angle
79
norm cadence
110 spm
80
norm stance time
.6 sec
81
norm swing time
.4 sec
82
norm gait speed
1.37 m/sec
83
norm stride length
144 cm 56 in
84
norm step length
72 cm 28 in
85
norm step width
8-10 cm 3-4 in
86
norm step angle
5-7 degrees
87
IC external moments hip knee ankle
Anterior Anterior Posterior
88
LR external moments hip knee ankle
Anterior Posterior Posterior
89
MS external moments hip knee ankle
Posterior Anterior Anterior
90
TS external moments hip knee ankle
Posterior Anterior Anterior
91
PS external moments hip knee ankle
Posterior Posterior Anterior
92
The position the body adapts in order to maintain a horizontal gaze; the body's alignment
posture
93
Primary curves
kyphotic: thoracic, sacrum
94
Secondary curves
Lordotic: cervical and lumbar
95
Ideal posture: plumb line aligned with
``` external auditory meatus acromion process thorax slightly post hip slightly ant knee slightly ant ankle ```
96
Cervical spine rotation and side bending are coupled in the _____ direction
same
97
Vertebral foramen opening in the cervical spine increases with
flexion opposite side rot opposite side lat flex
98
Lumbar spine rotation and side bendging are coupled in the ______ direction
opposite | Fryettes law
99
Vertebral foramen opening in the lumbar spine increases with
flexion same side rot opposite side lat flex
100
Anterior sacral tilt (base move anteriorly) relative to ilium
Nutation
101
Posterior sacral tilt (base moves posteriorly) relative to ilium
Counter nutation
102
instability in spine
spondyloysis
103
degeneration in spine associated with fx, facet slides forward
spondylolisthesis
104
functional position of the hand
``` 20-30 degrees wrist ext slight ulnar deviation 35-45 MCP flex 15-30 PIP and DIP flex 35-45 CMC abd ```
105
locations for radial nerve entrapment
supinator muscle
106
locations for median nerve entrapment
pronator teres, FDS, carpal tunnel
107
Locations for ulnar nerve entrapment
cubital tunnel | guyon's canal
108
Clinical sign of radial nerve entrapment
wrist drop
109
clinical sign of median nerve entrapment
loss of thumb opposition
110
clinical sign of ulnar nerve entrapment
loss of thumb adduction | froment's sign

Comp 1 (17 decks)

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