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Comp 1 > Kinesiology > Flashcards

Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

Newton’s first law

A

equalibrium: A body at rest will stay at rest

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2
Q

Newtons second law

A

Acceleration: a particle subjected to a resultant force will accelerate in the direction of that force and the magnitude of acceleration will be proportional to the force of manitude

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3
Q

Newtons third law

A

action/reaction: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

first class lever

A

FAR

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5
Q

second class lever

A

ARF

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6
Q

third class lever

A

AFR

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7
Q

Viscoelastic properties

A

Time dependent
Rate dependent
Hysteresis

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8
Q

Strain reaches equilibrium over time

A

Creep phenomenon

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9
Q

Stress strain curve

A

Toe region: min stress
Elastic region: up to yield point
Plastic region: permanent deformation
Failure point: rupture

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10
Q

Optimal stimulus for bone

A

loading along the axis of the bone

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11
Q

Optimal stimulus for cartilage

A

intermittent compression and decompression

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12
Q

Optimal stimulus for ligaments and tendons

A

tensile stress in the line of fiber orientations

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13
Q

fusiform muscles are for

A

velocity

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14
Q

penniform muscle are for

A

force

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15
Q

types of penniform muscles

A

unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

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16
Q

muscle fiber types

A

I: slow oxidative (one joint, first to atrophy)
IIa: fast oxidative glycolytic
IIb: fast glycolytic

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17
Q

with concentric contraction, greater force can be produced as slower speed and with eccentric contraction, greater force produced at faster speeds

A

force velocity curve

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18
Q

120% of resting length is optimal for greatest force production because mas cross bridges

A

Length-tension relationship

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19
Q

for the same muscle force production, the scenario with the greatest moment arm will have the greatest torque

A

Moment arm distance

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20
Q

Same muscle length

A

Isometrics

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21
Q

Fixed resistance

A

Isotonic

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22
Q

Constant speed

A

Isokinetic

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23
Q

Variable load torque and speed

A

Isodynamic

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24
Q

Adaptations to strength training

A

first is neurogenic second is hypertrophy

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25
Q

inability of a two joint muscle to perform a concentric contraction over one joint when it is shortened over another

A

active insufficiency

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26
Q

inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen over one joint when it is already lengthened over another

A

Passive infufficiency

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27
Q

Ligament sprain with 0-25% tear, no instability

A

first degree

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28
Q

Ligament sprain with 26-75% tear, some instability

A

second degree

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29
Q

Ligament sprain with 75-100% tear, definite instability

A

third degree

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30
Q

Muscle strain with mild, minimal swelling, loss of ROM and function

A

first degree

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31
Q

Muscle strain with moderate, mod swelling, significant loss of ROM and funciton

A

second degree

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32
Q

Muscle strain with severe, extensive swelling, severe loss of ROM and complete loss of function

A

third degree

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33
Q

A junction between bone that allows for slight to no movement

A

synarthrosis

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34
Q

types of synarthrosis joints

A

fibrous

Cartilaginous

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35
Q

a junction that allows moderate to extensive movement

A

diarthrodial (synovial)

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36
Q

types of diarthrodial for synovial joints

A

uniaxial
biaxial
triaxial

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37
Q

LE pronation

A

hip IR, and flex (shortening of limb)

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38
Q

LE supination

A

Hip ER and ext (lengthening of limb)

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39
Q

The angle in the frontal plane between the neck of femur and medial side of femoral shaft

A

Angle of inclination

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40
Q

norm angle of inclination

A

125

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41
Q

Coxa Valgum results

A

lengthen limb
decrease mechanical advantage
increased jt reaction force
decreased hip stability

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42
Q

Coxa Varum results

A

shortens limb

longer moment arm for hip(decreased jt rxn forces)

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43
Q

The angle between a line that runs through femoral head and neck, and a line that runs between the femoral condyles

A

angle of torsion

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44
Q

norm angle of torsion

A

15 degrees anteversion

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45
Q

hip abduction force is decrease substantially and total jt force is substantially less when a cane is used on the…

A

contralateral side

46
Q

Closed chain pronation

calcaneal, Talar, Tibial, knee, hip

A

eversion, PF and adduction, internal rotation, flexion, internal rotation

47
Q

Closed chain supination

calcaneal, Talar, Tibial, knee, hip

A

inversion, DF and abduction, external rotation, extension, external rotation

48
Q

10 degrees of ER in last 30 degrees of knee extension

A

screw home mechanism

49
Q

Ankle Pronation open chain

A

calcaneal eversion
calcaneal abd
calcaneal DF

50
Q

ankle pronation closed chain

A

calcaneal eversion
talar add
talar PF

51
Q

Ankle supination open chain

A

calcaneal inv
calcaneal add
calcaneal PF

52
Q

Ankel supination closed chain

A

Calcaneal inv
talar abd
talar DF

53
Q

4 pts of normalcy

A

tibia is vertical
clacaneus is in line with the tibia
metatarsals are in a plane that is perpendicular to the calcaneus
metatarsals are in the same plane

54
Q

forefoot varus NWB

A

forefoot inverted
STJ neutral
clac vertical

55
Q

forefoot varus WB

A

forefoot flat
STJ pronated
calc everted
foot pronates too long

56
Q

forefoot valgus NWB

A

forefoot everted
STJ neutral
calc vertical

57
Q

forefoot valgus NWB

A

forefoot flat
STJ supinated
calc inverted
foot supinates too soon

58
Q

rearfoot varus NWB

A

forefoot inverted
STJ neutral
calc inverted

59
Q

rearfoot varus WB

A

forefoot flat
STJ pronated
calc vertical
Foot pronates too much

60
Q

a plantarflexed foot

A

equinus

61
Q

Exercise progression

A

ROM, strength, balance, func strength, straight jog, straight run, sprint, jump, agility, specific skills, return to sport

62
Q

Determinants of gait

A 
pelvic rotation
lateral pelvic tilt
lateral shift
knee flexion
ankle DF
heel rise
63
Q

Gait pelvic rotation

A

6-10 degrees

64
Q

gait lateral pelvic tilt

A

1 inch on swing side

65
Q

gait lateral shift

A

1-2 inch

66
Q

gait knee flex early in stance

A

15-20 degrees

67
Q

Ankle DF in early stance

A

10 degrees max

68
Q

Phases of gait

A 
Stance phase (60%)
Swing phase (40%)
69
Q

Stance phases

A

initial contact and loading response 10%
mid stance 20%
terminal stance 20%
pre swing 10%

70
Q

Swing phases

A

initial swing 13%
mid swing 14%
terminal swing 13%

71
Q

hip in initial contact

A

20-35 degrees flex

72
Q

knee in loading response

A

15 degrees of flex

73
Q

ankle in terminal stance

A

10 degrees DF determinant of gait

74
Q

ankle in pre swing

A

20 degrees DF

75
Q

hip in pre swing

A

0-10 degrees ext

76
Q

Knee in initial swing

A

mas flexion 60 degrees

77
Q

Gait temporal values

A 
cadence 
stance time
swing time
single support (mid stance and terminal stance)
double support
gait speed
78
Q

gait distance variables

A

stride length
step length
step width
step angle

79
Q

norm cadence

A

110 spm

80
Q

norm stance time

A

.6 sec

81
Q

norm swing time

A

.4 sec

82
Q

norm gait speed

A

1.37 m/sec

83
Q

norm stride length

A

144 cm 56 in

84
Q

norm step length

A

72 cm 28 in

85
Q

norm step width

A

8-10 cm 3-4 in

86
Q

norm step angle

A

5-7 degrees

87
Q

IC external moments
hip
knee
ankle

A

Anterior
Anterior
Posterior

88
Q

LR external moments
hip
knee
ankle

A

Anterior
Posterior
Posterior

89
Q

MS external moments
hip
knee
ankle

A

Posterior
Anterior
Anterior

90
Q

TS external moments
hip
knee
ankle

A

Posterior
Anterior
Anterior

91
Q

PS external moments
hip
knee
ankle

A

Posterior
Posterior
Anterior

92
Q

The position the body adapts in order to maintain a horizontal gaze; the body’s alignment

A

posture

93
Q

Primary curves

A

kyphotic: thoracic, sacrum

94
Q

Secondary curves

A

Lordotic: cervical and lumbar

95
Q

Ideal posture: plumb line aligned with

A 
external auditory meatus
acromion process
thorax
slightly post hip
slightly ant knee
slightly ant ankle
96
Q

Cervical spine rotation and side bending are coupled in the _____ direction

A

same

97
Q

Vertebral foramen opening in the cervical spine increases with

A

flexion
opposite side rot
opposite side lat flex

98
Q

Lumbar spine rotation and side bendging are coupled in the ______ direction

A

opposite

Fryettes law

99
Q

Vertebral foramen opening in the lumbar spine increases with

A

flexion
same side rot
opposite side lat flex

100
Q

Anterior sacral tilt (base move anteriorly) relative to ilium

A

Nutation

101
Q

Posterior sacral tilt (base moves posteriorly) relative to ilium

A

Counter nutation

102
Q

instability in spine

A

spondyloysis

103
Q

degeneration in spine associated with fx, facet slides forward

A

spondylolisthesis

104
Q

functional position of the hand

A 
20-30 degrees wrist ext
slight ulnar deviation
35-45 MCP flex
15-30 PIP and DIP flex
35-45 CMC abd
105
Q

locations for radial nerve entrapment

A

supinator muscle

106
Q

locations for median nerve entrapment

A

pronator teres, FDS, carpal tunnel

107
Q

Locations for ulnar nerve entrapment

A

cubital tunnel

guyon’s canal

108
Q

Clinical sign of radial nerve entrapment

A

wrist drop

109
Q

clinical sign of median nerve entrapment

A

loss of thumb opposition

110
Q

clinical sign of ulnar nerve entrapment

A

loss of thumb adduction

froment’s sign

Comp 1 (17 decks)

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