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Comp 1 > 705 > Flashcards

705 Flashcards

1
Q

mechanisms of heat transfer

A

conduction
convection
radiation
conversion

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2
Q 
shortwave diathermy
microwave diathermy
infrared light
UV light
Laser
Are all forms of
A

electromagnetic therapy

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3
Q

By direct contact of body with heat or cold modality

A

conduction

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4
Q

particles (air or water) move across the body, creating a temperature variation

A

convection

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5
Q

transfer of heat from a warmer source to a cooler source through a conducting medium such as infrared lamps transferring heat through air

A

Radiation

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6
Q

converting one type of energy to a thermal energy

A

conversion

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7
Q

when does cryotherapy have the greatest benefit

A

acute injury

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8
Q

cold therapy indications

A 
acute, chronic pain
acute swelling
myofascial trigger points
muscle guarding, spasms
acute muscle/ligament sprain
acute contusion
bursitits
tenosynovitis
tendinitis
delayed onset muscle soreness
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9
Q

instructions for cryotherapy

A

within 24 hours of acute injury
apply for less than 20 min without pressure
BMI >25 will require longer

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10
Q

contraindications for cryotherapy

A 
impaired circulation
peripheral vascular disease
hypersensitivity to cold
skin anesthesia
open wounds or skin conditions
infections
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11
Q

indications for heat therapy

A 
subacute, chronic pain
subacute, chronic inflammatory conditions
resolution of swelling.edema removal
myofascial trigger points
muscle guarding, spasms
subacute muscle/ligament sprain
subacute contusion
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12
Q

contraindications for heat therapy

A 
impaired circulation
peripheral vascular disease
skin anesthesia
open wounds or skin condiditons
acute musculoskeletal conditions
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13
Q

typical temp of a warm whirlpool

A

98-110 degrees F

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14
Q

typical temp of a cold whirlpool

A

50-60 degrees F

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15
Q

treats chronic joint pain
relaxes stiff muscles
improves blood flow
helpful for chronic skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis
increases ROM for people with arthritis, bursitis and other chronic conditions

A

Paraffin

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16
Q

characteristics of diathermy

A

thermal and non thermal effects
depth of penetration deeper
maintains higher temp 2-3 times longer than heating pad

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17
Q

emits electromagnetic energy at a much higher frequency 915-2450 MHz
frequency increases the penetration of energy in the tissue decreases, thus providing a more shallow tissue heating effect
generate a stronger electrical feild

A

microwave diathermy

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18
Q

continuous and pulsed
three specific frequencies and corresponding wavelengths
13 MHz, 22m
27 MHz, 11m
40 MHz, 7m
heating of deep tissues (continuous) or non thermal physiological effects (pulsed)

A

shortwave diathermy

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19
Q

occurs when both the biological tissues and oscillating generator are oscillating at the same frequency
only with complete resonance can the electromagnetic energy be fully delivered to the tissues

A

tuning

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20
Q

size of transducer that is producing the vibration

A

Effective radiating area

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21
Q

some parts of crystal may emit more energy than others (hot spots) move sound head at all times
this can be 6:1 or less and be acceptable
means on area of head is emmitting 6xs more energy

A

beam non-uniformity ratios

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22
Q

in ultrasound frequency and depth of penetration are

A

inversely related
higher frequency less penetration
lower frequency deeper penetration

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23
Q

transforms mechanical energy to electircal energy

A

piezoelectric effect

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24
Q

propagation through tissue

A

more dense tissue- closer together the molecules are and faster the energy will be transmitted and more energy will be absorbed

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25
Q

contraindications for ultrasound

A 
not over abdomen or low back during pregnancy
not to eyes, genital or over heart
not over pacemaker
not over tumors or abdominal growth
not over infection or abscess
not over ischemic areas
not to insensate areas
not in presence of thrombus
not to epiphyseal plate in growing children
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26
Q

ultrasound is used to enhance delivery of selected medication into tissue

A

phonophoresis

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27
Q

contraindications for massage

A 
edema from total system fialure
acute inflammatory edema
any area known or with suspected clot 
any site of known or suspected aneurysm
tumors
over open lesions, conditions that spread
abnormal abdominal mass
non union FX
graft sites
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28
Q

long stroking, gliding movements following length of muscle
used to apply lubricant
begins and ends massage
not intended to move deep muscle mass
physiological effect when moving from periphery towards heart

A

effleurage

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29
Q

kneading, compress and release movements used to lift subcutaneous tissue up and off underlying structures

A

petrissage

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30
Q

small circular strokes with deep pressure done with the thumb; linear strokes done with sides of hand, finger tips, back of hand heel of hand
used to loosen/soften tight mm tissue

A

friction

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31
Q

percussive strokes using alternating hands in rapid rhythmic motion
tapping: finger tips
hacking: ulnar boarder of hands
cupping
pinchment: alternate pinching with thumb and index finger

A

tapotement

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32
Q

transmitting trembling motion from PT hands onto tissue
use after deep pressure of trigger point
used for joints after deep stroking

A

vibration

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33
Q

pull skin in opposite directions perpendicular to muscle

A

connective tissue massage

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34
Q

find tender area and may feel tightness in the area
apply pressure with finger or thumb
duration 1-5 min/point

A

trigger point massage

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35
Q

weight of water pushing against a surface

filtration force

A

hydrostatic pressure

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36
Q

attraction of water to large molecules

attracts water in from the interstitial space

A

osmotic pressure

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37
Q

lymph organs

A 
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
lymph follicles of mucous memebrane
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38
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity normal
lymphatic load increased

A

dynamic

edema

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39
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity decreased
lymphatic load normal

A

mechanical

lymphedema

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40
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity decreased
lymphatic load increased

A

combination

lymphedema

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41
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity normal/decreased
lymphatic load increased due to right ventricular failure

A

hemodynamic

cardiacedema

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42
Q

lymph drainage contraindications

A 
malignant diseases
acute infection
DVT
cardiac edema
renal fialure
radiation fibrosis (local)
peripheral arterial disease (compression)
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43
Q

the upward thrust acting in the opposite direction to the force of gravity
the more deeply immersed you are in water, the less you weigh
allows a reduction in oint compression forces by being weightless

A

buoyancy

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44
Q

the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity

A

hydrostatic pressure

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45
Q

ideal temp for aquatic therapy

A

92 degrees

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46
Q

contraindications for aquatic therapy

A 
any infection
fever
heart failure
UTI
incontinence
epilepsy
blood clots
fear of water
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47
Q 
aquatic therapy technique
similar to tai chi
slow movements and deep breathing
movements must flow
decrease pain, increase balance
A

ai chi

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48
Q

aquatic therapy technique
method of muscle re-education
therapist uses physiclal properties of water to interact with patient

A

bad ragaz

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49
Q

aquatic therapy technique
water and land based therapy
starts in water working on balance and postural awareness
focus on vertical alignment first, incorporate exercises in different planes

A

burdenko method

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50
Q

aquatic therapy technique
uses games for variety of educational and therapeutic reasons
used mainly with pediatrics and patients with disabilities
no buoyant aids are used
purpose is water freedom

A

hallwick

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51
Q 
aquatic therapy technique
cradling one on one program
free flowing nature promotes self-awareness of muscle tension
promote relaxation
decrease pain
A

Watsu

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52
Q

contraindications for e stim

A

patients with an electronic demand-type cardiac pacemaker
over the carotid sinus
internally
over the eyes
transcranially or int he upper cervical regions in patient with history or CVA
transthoracically (careful of heart)
over any area that would have a tendency to hemorrhage
over laryngeal or pharyngeal muscles

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53
Q

where is a motor end plate generally found

A

proximal 1/3 of the muscle

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54
Q

movement of charged particles

measured in amps

A

current (I)

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55
Q

change in electrical potential between two points
the greater this is the deeper we can drive current into the body
how hard we push the current

A

voltage (V)

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56
Q

relative opposition to movement of charged particles

measured in ohms with direct current or impedence with alternating current

A

Resistance (R)

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57
Q

events in a definded amount of time, measured in pulses per second (pps), cycles per second (cps or Hertz), beats per second (bps)

A

frequency

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58
Q

intensity or maximum voltage

generally in millivolts (mV)

A

amplitude

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59
Q

Frequency: muscle contractions generally don’t get any stronger than ______. we use ______ with a long ______ pulse duration

A

50 Hz
20-40 Hz
>300 ms

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60
Q

frequency: sensory stimulation is generally delivered at _________ as a shorter pulse duration

A

80-120 Hz

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61
Q

getting used to a feeling and diverting attention from it

A

accommodation

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62
Q

modulations that can delay accomodation

A

amplitude modulation

frequency modulation

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63
Q

current flow in one direction for a finite period of time

A

phase

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64
Q

the time from the beginning to the end of an electrical event (even if the waveform leaves and returns to the baseline several times)

A

pulse

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65
Q

positively charged atoms

A

cations

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66
Q

negatively charged atoms

A

anions

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67
Q

negative terminal, attracts cations

A

cathode

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68
Q

positive terminal, attracts anions

A

anode

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69
Q

patients often report feeling a slight tingle prior to muscle movement but before it becomes painful, why is this

A

sensory fibers can be slightly bigger than motor fibers (pick up faster)
cutaneous nerves are near the skin surface where the current density is the greatest

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70
Q

stimulating bigger nerve fibers will override any signals coming from smaller ones through inhibitory interneurons

A

gate theory of pain control

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71
Q

electrotherapeutic current that stimulates peripheral nerves

A

TENS transcutaneous electrical nerves stimulators

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72
Q

electrotherapeutic current that stimulate muscle directly

A

neuromusclular electrical simulators NMES

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73
Q

gold standard for acute pain management
2 channels
variety of features depending on the unit

A

TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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74
Q

electrotherapeutic current contraindications

A 
cardiac pacemakers
HX of cardiac arrythmias
phrenic or urinary bladder stimulators
deep brain stimulators
carotid sinus (scalene triangle)
temporal lobe
eyes
larynx locations
malignancy
superficial skin lesion
pelvic region in pregnancy
anxiety
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75
Q

pain inhibition level 1

A

periphery

subsensory

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76
Q

pain inhibition level 2

A

occurs in dorsal horn

sensory

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77
Q

pain inhibition level 3

A

involves hormonal system

motor

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78
Q

pain inhibition level 4

A

involves brainstem sites and dorsolateral funiculus

noxious

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79
Q

pain inhibition level 5

A

involves cortical area

placebo

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80
Q

pain inhibition at the subsensory level

A

microcurrent electrical nerve stimulators MENS

peak amplitude below 1 mA (too low to stimulate either nerve or muscle)

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81
Q

pain inhibition at the sensory level

A

below motor threshold

conventional TENS

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82
Q

pain inhibition at the motor level

A

used for subacute or chronic pain

visible muscle contraction

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83
Q

current density is affected by ______

placing the electrodes closer together results in _______

A

spacing of the electrodes

superficial current density

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84
Q

1 pps=

A

muscle twitch

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85
Q

10 pps =

A

summation

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86
Q

25-30 pps =

A

tetanus

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87
Q

NMES electrode placeement

A

active electrode should be negative

negative electrode placed distally and positive electrode placed proximally

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88
Q

contraindications for iontophoresis

A

near venous/arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
over areas impaired sensation
cardiac pacemaker

89
Q

the drug electrode should be the same as the _________ for iontophoresis

A

drug polarity

90
Q

in iontophoresis positive drugs should be placed under the ________ and negative drugs should be placed under the ______

A

anode (positive electrode)

cathode (negative electrode)

91
Q

most common med used for iontophoresis and used to treat inflammation
what electrode should it be placed under

A

dexamethasone (DSP)

has a negative polarity, cathode

92
Q

iontophoresis
used for pain
polarity

A

lidocaine

positive

93
Q

iontophoresis

size of electrode: current density should not exceed ______ is the cathodes is used or ____ if the anode is used

A

0.5 mA/cm^2

1 mA/cm^2

94
Q

most common problem associated with iontophoresis

A

chemical burns

occurs because of current not ion

95
Q

interferential beat frequency for pain

A

80-150 bps

96
Q

interferential beat frequency for edema

A

1-10 bps

97
Q

interferential beat frequency for muscle rehab

A

20-50 bps

98
Q

phases of wound healing

A

hemostasis
inflammatory
proliferation
remodeling

99
Q

occurs immediately after injury
vasoconstriction
platelet aggreation
fibrin deposition, clot is end product

A

hemostasis

100
Q

clean wound site for tissue restoration, vasodilation and phagocytosis
provides hemostatsis- vasoconstriction platelet aggregation, thromboplasitn makes clot

A

inflammatory phase

101
Q

time for inflammatory phase

A

starts at time of injury and lasts 3-7 days

102
Q 
would defect fills in with new tissue, skin integrity restored
angiogenesis
granulation
collagen synthesis by fibroblasts
wound contraction occurs
A

proliferation

103
Q

time frame for proliferation

A

3-5 days post injury - 3 weeks

104
Q

capillary buds extend into the wound bed. endothelial cells fill wound space creating capillaries with loose junctions and gaps in endothelial lining causing edematous look
capillary loops look like small granules: granulation

A

angiogenesis

105
Q

will not exceed 70-80% of tensile strength f original
begins as granulation tissue is formed
balance between collagen synthesis and lysis

A

remodeling

106
Q

time frame for remodeling

A

21-28 days after injury to 1-2 years

107
Q

imbalance in collagen synthesis and lysis, dehiscence, keloids

A

chronic remodeling

108
Q

healing sequence continuous and within expected time frame

little or no complications

A

acute wounds

109
Q

failure or delay of healing component
dont respond to regulatory growth signals
associated with: repeated trauma ppor perfusion/oxygenation, excessive inflammation, concomitant disorders/genetic factors

A

chronic wounds

110
Q

causes of incident pain

A

debridement

major trauma

111
Q

causes of episodic pain

A

dressing changes,
open to air,
medication cleansing

112
Q

causes of continuous pain

A

underlying cause,
infection,
disease process

113
Q

what unit do you use to measure a wound

A

cm

114
Q

length of a wound is measured

A

12:00-6:00

115
Q

width of a wound is measured

A

3:00-9:00

116
Q

deepest area of the wound bed

A

depth

117
Q

tissue loss into the depths of the wound
deadspace
measue the pathway and document the time on the clock

A

tunneling

118
Q

tissue loss parallel to wound surface

A

undermining

119
Q

loss of epidermis and down into but not through the dermis

A

partial thickness

120
Q

through the dermis extending down to subcutaneious tissue, muscle may have exposed structure

A

full thickness

121
Q

inspection and palpation at least withing 4 cm of wound edge

A

periwound

122
Q

capillary refill: longer than _____ then arterial occlusion

A

2-3 seconds

123
Q

venous refill:
less than ______ venous insufficiency
_______ normal
greater than _____ arterial insufficiency

A

5 sec
5-15 sec
15 sec

124
Q

pulse grading

A 
0=absent
1+= barely palpable
2+= plapable, but diminished
3+= normal
4+= prominent, suggestive of aneurysm
125
Q

ABI

A

ankle/brachial systolic

126
Q

measurement of O2 diffusing across the skin from the capillary beds
grading

A

transcutaneous oxygen measurment

30 mmHg will heal/debridement safe

127
Q

ABI results

A

> 1: calcifed vessels if diabetic, do not exceed 250 mmHg, non compressible and may damage artery

128
Q

exchar

A

black

129
Q

fibin

A

stringy

130
Q

what to document on exudate

A

amount
color
character

131
Q

epidermal involvement
erythema, tenderness, pain
cause: sunburn, hot liquid

A

superficial burn

132
Q

dermal involvement
barge blisters, pain, edema, weeping
cause: hot liquid, flame injury, flash injury

A

superficial partial thickness burn

133
Q 
small amount of dermis remains
white or charred
blood flow compromised
less pain
cause: flame, chemical, electrical injury
A

deep partial thickness burn

134
Q

into to through subcutaneous tissue

cause: flame, chemical, and electrical

A

full thickness burn

135
Q

result of complete or partial arterial blockage limiting perfusion causing tissue necrosis/ulceration

A

arterial

136
Q 
coronary disease
CHF
COPD
hypertension
diabetes mellitus
end stage renal disease
hypercholesterolemia
A

illnesses associated with arterial wounds

137
Q

location: between toes and distal tips of toes, dorsal aspect of foot and over phalangeal heads, tibia, LATERAL MALLEOLUS
thin dry skin, absence of hair, shiny, smooth, cool to touch
pulses absent or diminished

A

arterial wound

138
Q

dry gangrene, “punched out” smooth edges, erythematous halo, black/gray necrotic tissue
wound is painful
decreased pain and increased skin redness int he dependent position
increased pain and skin pallor with elevation
claudication

A

arterial wound

139
Q

caused by valvular incompetence, obstruction of deep venous system, or congenital absence or malformation of venous valves

A

venous ulcer

140
Q

dull ache or heaviness c/o pain in dependent position

decreased pain with elevation

A

venous ulcer

141
Q

location: superior to malleoli, usually medial
eschar or slough, wed, yellow fibrous, moderate to heavy exudate, irregular and shallow wound edges
surrounding skin is dry and scaly, presence of vericose veins, hemosiderin staining
pulses present

A

venous ulcer

142
Q

Location: tips of toes, lateral aspect of the foot and dorsum of the foot, metatarsal heads especially 1st and 5th, heels, midfoot, and at location of orthopedic deformity

A

diabetic ulcer

143
Q

all wounds have delay in healing

surrounding skin is cracking; callous formation

A

diabetic ulcer

144
Q

the most common type of diabetic neuropathy

causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands and arms

A

sensory neuropathy

145
Q

causes changes in digestion, bowel and bladder function, sexual response, and perspiration
can affect the nerves that serve the heart and control blood pressure, as well as nerves in the lungs and eyes

A

autonomic neuropathy

146
Q

results in muscle atrophy and weakness

A

motor meuropathy

147
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

intact skin with non-blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bone prominence

148
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed without slough
may also present as an intact or open/ruptured serum filled blister

149
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness tissue loss
subcutaneous fat may be visible
may include undermining and tunneling

150
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone tendon or muscle

151
Q

unstagabel pressure ulcer

A

full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough or eschar in the wound bed

152
Q

purple or marron localized area os discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and or shear

A

deep tissue injury

153
Q

skin tears without tissue loss

A

category I skin tear

154
Q

skin tear with partial tissue loss

A

category II skin tear

155
Q

skin tears with complete tissue loss

A

category III skin tear

156
Q

TIME for wound bed preparatin

A

tissue debridement
inflammation and infection control
moisture balance
epithelial edge advancement

157
Q

delivery of a fluid or cleansing solution to the wound surface by mechanical force
remove debris

A

cleaning

158
Q

removal of non-viable tissue and foreign materials from the wound

A

debridement

159
Q

safe irrigation

A

4-15 psi

160
Q

low pressure irrigation

A
161
Q

high pressure irrigation

A

8-15 psi

162
Q

presence of bacteria on the wound surface that are not actively multiplying

A

contamination

163
Q

presences of replicating micro-organisms

A

colonization

164
Q

presence of replicating microorganisms, beginning to cause local tissue damage

A

critical colonization

165
Q

invasion of bacteria into healthy surrounding tissue

lab results equal or greater than 100,000 organisms

A

infection

166
Q

advancing kerotinocytes at wound edges roll under. Migration stops due to keratinocytes touching each other

A

epiboly

167
Q

a bacterial film present on most chronic wounds which blocks healing, can be removed by maintenance debridement

A

biofilm

168
Q

attraction of a cell in response to a chemical signal

A

chemotaxis

169
Q 
involuntary weight loss
muscle wasting
presence of edema without cardiac cause
poor wound healing
cracking at edges of mouth
hair loss
chronic infections 
lethargy
poor skin turgor
A

signs of malnutrition

170
Q 
dry mouth
cracked lips
sunken eyes
dark urine
poor skin turgor
trouble swallowing
smooth shiny tounge
A

signs of dehydration

171
Q

betadine
dakins soulution
acetic acid
hydrogen peroxide

A

topical antiseptics

172
Q 
iodosorb
aquacel AG
silvadene
silverlon
anticoat
hydrofera blue
A

antimicrobial dressings

173
Q

triple antibiotic ointment
bactroban (mupirocin)
polymyxin
bacitracin

A

topical antibodies

174
Q

indicated for:
moist, pressure, infected wounds
provides moist environment, high absorptive capacity and protects agianst contamination and trauma
contraindicated for dry wounds

A

alginates

175
Q

indications: partial and full thickness
encourages deposition of collagen, absorbent, may use with topical agents
contraindicated for full thickness burns or eschar

A

collagens

176
Q

indications:
partial to full thickness wounds
minimal to heavy drainage, granulation tissue, necrotic tissue
autolytic debridement

A

composites

177
Q

indications:
partial and full thickness
minimal to mod drainage
donor sites, skin grafts
protect wound base from trauma during dressing changes, introduce topical medications and wound fillers to the wound
contraindications
not for dry , shallow, eschar , copious exudate

A

contact layers

178
Q

indications:
mod to heavy drainage, autolytic debridement or softening
granulation tissue, compression, hypergranulation
contraindicated for dry wounds, cavity wounds

A

foam

179
Q

indications
partial and full thickness
necrotic tissue
scant to mod drainage
autolytic debridement, promotes granulation and epithelization
contraindications: infected wounds, tunnels, undermining, lesions, caution with diabetic feet

A

hydrocolloids

180
Q 
indications:
partial and full thickness wounds
granulation tissue
necrotic tissue
burns.
contraindications: not recommended for highly exudative wounds
A

hydrogels

181
Q 
indications
light to heavy exudate
partial to full thickness
necrotic tissue
granulation tissue
infected wounds
contraindications: dry wounds
A

specialty absorptive

182
Q 
indications
superficial wounds with minimal drainage
partial thickness
eschar
granulation tissue
contraindications: does not adhere well in moist environment
risks for epidermal stripping
A

transparent films

183
Q 
indications
partial to full thickness wounds
minimal to mod drainage
infected wounds
cavity wounds
contraindications: dry wounds
A

wound fillers

184
Q

how often should you reposition in bed

A

every 2 hours

185
Q

how often should you adjust in sitting

A

every 15 min

186
Q

magnitude of the voltage

A

amplitude

187
Q

measure of the force of the flow of electrons

A

voltage

188
Q

measure of the rate of the flow of current

A

amperage

189
Q

unidirectional and continuous

one second or longer duration

A

direct current

190
Q

unidirectional or bidrectional
interrupted
milliseconds or less duration

A

pulsatile

191
Q

individual waveform

A

pulse

192
Q

component of the pulse that rises in one direction above or below the baseline

A

phase

193
Q

ratio of on time/total cycle time

A

duty cycle

194
Q 
twin peaked monophasic
no alkaline/acidity effects
greater penetration
short pulse duration at higher frequencies
pain, edema, spasm, weakness
A

high voltage pulsed current

195
Q

monophasic or biphasic low voltage microcurrent
long pulse duration at low frequency
bone healing, wound, pain

A

microcurrent (MENS)

196
Q

pulsatile polyphasic waveform

strengthening

A

Russian

197
Q 
muscle re-education
edema
contracture management
atrophy reduction
strengthening
A

NMES

198
Q

asymetrical balanced waveform

pain

A

TENS

199
Q

chronic disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid in the tissues of one or more body regions

A

lymphedema

200
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity = normal
lymphatic load = increased
treat with RICE

A

dynamic (edema)

201
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity = decreased
lymphatic load = normal
treat with CDT

A

mechanical (lymphedema)

202
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity = decreased
lymphatic load = increased
treat with CDT

A

combination

lymphedema

203
Q

lymphatic failure
transport capacity = normal/decreased
lymphatic load = increased due to right ventricular failure

A

hemodynamic (cardiac edema)

204
Q

brief swelling in hand

subclinical

A

stage 0 lymphedema

205
Q

edema
soft
pitting
no pain

A

stage 1 lymphedema reversible

206
Q 
edema
fibrotic changes, difficult to pit
can reduce edema to normal
can soften filaments but not reverse fibrosis
no pain
A

stage 2 lymphedema spontaneously irreversible

207
Q

severe edema
fibrosis
no pitting, too much fibrosis
pain and skin discoloration

A

stage 3 lymphedema irreversible

208
Q 
bilateral 
symmetrical involvement
pitting
foot involvement
stemmer negative
soft edema
typically no ulcerations
elevation effective
A

orthostatic edema

209
Q 
bilateral symmetrical 
soft edema
quick refill with pitting attempts
no foot involvement
cellulitis
skin discoloration- hemosiderin
hx of CHF stemmer negative
elevation effective
A

venous insufficiency

210
Q 
bilateral 
symmetric
soft edema
quick refill with pitting attempt
elevation effective
discoloration, occasionally
hx of CHF
stemmers negative
A

CHF

211
Q 
bilateral
associated with obesity
symmetrical 
soft edema
minimal pitting
elevation ineffective
stemmer negative
A

lipedema

212
Q 
gold standard
manual lymph drainage
compressive bandaging/garments
therapeutic exercise
skin care and hygiene
patient education
A

complete decongestive therapy (CDT)

213
Q

contraindications for CDT

A 
malignant diseases
acute infection 
DVT
cardiac edema
renal failure
radiation fibrosis (local)
peripheral arterial disease (compression)
214
Q

percentage for burns

A

9% for head, each UE, anterior chest, posterior chest, abdomen, posterior lower back, each anterior and posterior portion of the LE
1% for the perineum

215
Q

epidermis only
slight edema no blisters
painful because the nerve endings are still intact

A

superficial burn

216
Q

epidermis and papillary layer of the epidermis
red, mottled, edematous
blisters, painful
spontaneous healing minimal scarring

A

superficial partial thickness burn

217
Q

epidermis and to the reticular layer of the dermis

A

deep partial thickness burn

218
Q

all epidermal and dermal, may include subcutaneous layer

requires grafting

A

full thickness burn

219
Q

subcutaneous tissue involvement

significant surgical intervention potentially including amputation

A

subdermal burn

Comp 1 (17 decks)

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