Kin Articular system 3 Flashcards
Fibrous joint
has fibrous periosteum between the two bones (within sutures of the skull)
the 3 fibrous joints classes
synarthrosis, syndesmosis, and gomphosis
synarthrosis
suture joint - has fibrous periosteum between the two bones (within sutures of the skull)
syndesmosis
ligament joint - (small amount of stretching/twisting can occur here
gomphosis
peg in socket - occurs between tooth and the wall of its dental socket in the mandible and maxilla
cartiliginous joint
has hyaline cart or fibrocart joining bones - vertebral joints
amphiarthrodial joints
Cartiliginous and allow small amount of motion (intervertebral disks)
Diarthrosis
synovial and allow alot of motion (hip elbow knee)
What are the 5 type of joint classification
synarthosis, syndesmosis, gomphosis, amphiarthrodial, diarthrosis
what are the 3 tissues that help combine bones to make joints
Fibrotic
Cartilage
Synovial
Uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial
Uniaxial - one direction - hinge, pivot joint
biaxial - two directions - condyloid, saddle joint
Triaxial - three directions - ball socket
ligaments
fibrous connective tissue that sticks bone to bone
flexible but not elastic (gotta keep the bones near each other)
Limit excessive joint movement
when they surround the capsule - called capsular ligaments
capsule two layers
outer layer - fibrous tissue,supports/protects, layer usually reinforced by ligaments
inner layer - synovial membrane
synovial membrane
a thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid
synovial fluid
fluid ,secreted by synovial membrane, that lubricates the articular cartilage
reduces friction,provides nutrition,some shock absorption.
cartilage
dense, fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great amounts of pressure and tension.
3 types of cartilage
hyaline/articular, fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage
hyaline
covers the ends of opposing bones
does not repair itself no nerve or blood supply
receives nutrition from synovial membrane
Fibrocartilage
shock absorber, also space fillers in case bone has a hard time reaching the other bone to form a joint
menisci, intervertebral discs
Shoulder fibrocartilage
labrum - deepens the shallow glenoid fossa, making it more of a socket to hold the humeral head
elastic cartilage
designed to help keep shape
external ear, auditory tube, and larynx
tendon and tendon sheaths
tendon - muscle to bone
tendon sheaths - fibrous sleeves that surround the tendon when it is suject to pressure or friction like when it passes between muscles and bones or through a tunnel between bones. the sheath lubricates itself
aponeurosis
broad, flat, tendinous sheet. great for when no bone is present but great strength is needed.
linea alba
where the abdominal approach the midline from both sides they attatch to this aponeurosis called the linea alba
Bursae
small, padlike sacs found around most joints
found in areas of excess friction such as under tendons and over bony prominences
lined with synovial fluid and filled with a fluid
two types of bursae
natural (natually supposed to be there) and aquired bursae (developed in areas where naturally they arent supposed to be i.e. the calas on our finger)
Frontal plane =
coronal plane=
transverse plane=
horizontal plane=
vertical axis=
longitudinal axis=
sagital plane occurs on this axis.
frontal
frontal plane occurs on this axis.
sagittal
transverse plane occurs on this axis.
vertical
Dislocation
complete seperation of the two articular surfaces of a joint
subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
osteoarthritis
caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints.
age makes it occur more frequently
affects hands,feet,spine and large weight bearing joints
osteoarthritis=
degenerative arthritis=
sprains
partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers
mild moderate severe
strains
overstretched muscle fibers
