kidney diseases Flashcards
cortex
contains glomeruli and proximal and distal tubuli
medulla
distal tubuli, mostly hoops of Henle and collecting ducts
papilla
collecting ducts to bladder
in glomerulus
filtration of blood
glomerular basement membrane
filter in glomerulus, consists of ECM molecules, selects on size and charge
proximal tubuli
re-uptake of small proteins that have passed the filter
loop of Henle
water and salt homeostasis
distal tubuli
water and salt homeostasis
collecting ducts
fluid retention and drainage of urine into bladder
mesangial cell
cell type in glomerulus, gives support, keeps the filter clean, organizes immune defence and repair
proteinuria
leakage of proteins into urine
acute kidney failure
impaired kidney perfusion
oliguria
impaired urine production
anuria
no urine production
ischemic kidney
lack of oxygen in tubuli, causes glomerular inflammation and coagulation
ischemic acute tubular necrosis
holes in tissue = dead nephrons
polyuria
too much urine, inability to concentrate the prourine in tubuli
glomerulosclerosis
excessive scar tissue formation, influx of granulocytes and monocytes
diabetic glomerulopathy
increased production of collagens by mesangial cells causing cell damage
minimal change nephrotic diseases
no changes visible in kidney, oedema, charge is gone in GBM
glomerulonephritis
inflammation in glomeruli
interstitial nephritis
inflammation in areas between glomeruli, increased collagen deposition throughout the kidney
