intestinal diseases

Question 1

reflux oesophagitis

Answer 1

disfunction of gastro-oesophageal sphincter, causes inflammation of epithelium

Question 2

barret’s oesophagus

Answer 2

continuous irritation of the oesophagus by gastric acid, epithelium is replaced by column epithelium, risk of adenocarcinoma

Question 3

Cox1

Answer 3

regulates amount of acid in the stomach, decreases release of acid, can be inhibited by pain killers

Question 4

helicobacter pylori

Answer 4

bacteria in the stomach which leads to ulcers, can lead to gastritis. treated with antibiotics

Question 5

luminal malabsorption

Answer 5

disturbed bile salt secretion, pancreatic disorders, disrupted bacterial growth

Question 6

intestinal malabsorption

Answer 6

enzyme deficiencies, damage to microvilli, defective transporters

Question 7

celiac disease

Answer 7

immune response to gluten in diet, damage to intestinal wall

Question 8

benign neoplasm in small intestine

Answer 8

adenomatous polyps, can become malignant, usually asymptomatic

Question 9

malignant neoplasm in small intestine

Answer 9

adenocarcinomas and lymphomas, or chronic inflammation which causes increased risk of malignancies

Question 10

Crohn’s disease

Answer 10

chronic inflammation which can occur in entire GI tract, and all layers of the intestine wall which is thickened

Question 11

ulcerative colitis

Answer 11

cause unknown, signs of autoimmune disease, descending part of the colon

Question 12

IBD therapy

Answer 12

drugs to reduce inflammatory symptoms or surgery

Question 13

polyps

Answer 13

tuber that grows in the lumen of the intestine, can change into adenocarcinoma

Question 14

pancreatitis

Answer 14

acute caused by alcohol or gall stone, or chronic

Question 15

appendicitis

Answer 15

transmural inflammation, risk of perforation