diseases in the CNS

Question 1

frontal lobe

Answer 1

motor control, speech, smell

Question 2

parietal lobe

Answer 2

touch, taste, body awareness

Question 3

temporal lobe

Answer 3

hearing, facial recognition

Question 4

occipital lobe

Answer 4

vision

Question 5

cerebellum

Answer 5

coordination

Question 6

neuronal cell body

Answer 6

grey matter

Question 7

neuronal fibres

Answer 7

white matter

Question 8

microglial cell

Answer 8

defence and immune support

Question 9

astrocyte

Answer 9

structural and metabolic support, repair

Question 10

ependymal cell

Answer 10

assist in production and movement of cerebral spinal fluid

Question 11

oligodendrocyte

Answer 11

produce myelin and provide electrical insulation

Question 12

hypoxia/ischemia

Answer 12

red neurons

Question 13

neurodegenerative diseases/viral infections

Answer 13

intracellular inclusions, dystrophic neurites

Question 14

astrocyte injury and repair

Answer 14

gliosis, reactive astrocytes causing hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Question 15

gliosis

Answer 15

proliferation and hypertrophy of glial cells in response to injury

Question 16

cerebral oedema

Answer 16

accumulation of excess fluid within the brain parenchyma

Question 17

hydrocephalus

Answer 17

increase in fluid volume within ventricular system which increases intracranial pressure

Question 18

herniation

Answer 18

displacement of brain tissue from one compartment to another due to increased intracranial pressure

Question 19

stroke

Answer 19

caused by poor quality of blood vessels

Question 20

meningitis

Answer 20

bacterial infection within the subarachnoid space, causes damage to the CNS

Question 21

meningoencephalitis

Answer 21

infection spreads into the underlying brain

Question 22

myelin

Answer 22

electrical insulator allowing rapid propragation of impulses

Question 23

demyelinating diseases

Answer 23

damage to normal myelin

Question 24

dysmyelinating diseases or leukodystrophy

Answer 24

myelin is not properly formed

Question 25

multiple sclerosis

Answer 25

distinct episodes of neurologic deficits, caused by autoimmune response directed against myelin

Question 26

relapsing-remitting MS

Answer 26

attack of new or worsening of syptoms, after attack they disappear

Question 27

progressive-relapsing MS

Answer 27

symptoms will gradually become more severe, distinction between attack and remission

Question 28

secondary progressive MS

Answer 28

symptoms will become more severe, no distinction between attack and remission

Question 29

primary progressive MS

Answer 29

symptoms get gradually worse over time, no attacks but symptoms throughout their lives

Question 30

active plaques

Answer 30

abundant macrophages and t cells

Question 31

inactive plaques

Answer 31

no inflammation but no myelin, gliolisis

Question 32

alzheimer disease

Answer 32

caused by accumulation of Tau proteins and beta-amyloid plaques

Question 33

parkinson

Answer 33

movement disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra