immunology 1 Flashcards
scarlet fever
bacterium, rash, no vaccine, can induce autoimmune response
diphteria
bacterium, vaccine, bulls neck
cholera
bacterium produces toxin, vaccine, blue death
measles
virus, highly contagious, vaccine
pertussis (whooping cough)
bacterium, vaccine
small pox
virus infection, vaccine
innate immunity
immunity you are born with, fast and non specific
adaptive immunity
immunity you have to develop, slow and specific
epithelial barriers
protectors but still need alarm system: pathogen/damage recognition receptors
tissue-resident immune cells
first response to harmful events. mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells
help comes from arrival of cells from blood/bone marrow:
neutrophil, eosinophil and monocytes
lymphocytes
B-cells and T-cells
Helper T-cells
tell other what to do (CD4)
cytotoxic T-cells
killers (CD8)
B cells
produce antibodies
leukocytes (white blood cells)
develop from stem cells in bone marrow or yolk sac/fetal liver
cytokines
released for communication with other cells and regulation of cell function
chemokines
attract immune cells to the points of interest
membrane receptors
for interaction with other cells and recognition of threats, called CD#
antigen
component that induces an immune response in the body, can bind to a specific antibody
primary lymphoid tissues
immune cells form and mature here, thyroid gland and bone marrow
secondary lymphoid tissues
active mature immune cells. encapsulated in spleen and lymph nodes, unencapsulated in tissues in contact with external environment
spleen
highly vascularised, checks if blood is clean
T cells can react to:
antigens presented by dendritic cells
B cells can react to:
soluble antigens themselves
