cell death and mechanisms of disease

Question 1

two morphological characteristics of reversible injury

Answer 1

cellular swelling, accumulation of fat

Question 2

the three characteristics of point of no return

Answer 2

inability to restore mitochondrial function, loss of structure and functions of plasma membrane, and loss of DNA or chromatin

Question 3

necrosis

Answer 3

cellular membranes fall apart, causing the cells content to be released

Question 4

apoptosis

Answer 4

regulated cell death, membrane remains intact, content is released in vesicles

Question 5

mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway

Answer 5

mitochondria is damaged, cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic cells are activated

Question 6

death receptor (extrinsic) pathway

Answer 6

receptor is activated upon ligand binding, activates adaptor proteins

Question 7

ROS

Answer 7

free radicals which are very unstable and reactive with various cellular molecules

Question 8

pathological calcification

Answer 8

abnormal deposition of calcium salts

Question 9

dystrophic calcification

Answer 9

deposits in injured or dead tissue, calcium is released from dead cells, irreversible

Question 10

metastatic calcification

Answer 10

in normal tissues, abnormal calcium metabolism, reversible