Kidney: Anatomy/ Congenital Disorders/ Acquired Cystic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

“fenestrated epithelial cells”

A

podocytes

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2
Q

“modified smooth muscle cells”

A

mesangial cells

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3
Q

What molecules make up the GBM?

A

Type IV collagen and GAGs

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4
Q

What cells are important in glomerular inflammation and thrombosis?

A

Glomerular epithelial cells

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5
Q

Where are podocytes located?

A

rest on the outer aspect of the GMB

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6
Q

What are foot processes?

A

cytoplasmic projections from podocytes onto the lamina rara externa of the GMB

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7
Q

What are the functions of the mesangium?

5 functions

A

1- mechanical support

2- endocytosis and processing of plasma protein

3- maintenance of GMB and matrix

4- modulation of glomerular filtration

5- generation of molecular mediators

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8
Q

What comprises the JG apparatus?

A

Macula densa, mesangial cells, terminal afferent and proximal efferent arterioles

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9
Q

What do cortical interstitial cells secrete?

A

EPO

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10
Q

“insufficient amniotic fluid, compressed fetus, low ears, small chin, beak node, pilmonary hypoplasia”

A

Potter sequence

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11
Q

“complete absence of renal tissue”

A

renal agenesis

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12
Q

Difference between unilateral and bilateral renal agenesis?

A

unilateral–> asymptomatic and existing kidney undergoes hypertrophy

bilateral–> still born, link with potter sequence

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13
Q

Unilateral renal agenesis is at increased risk for….

A

Progressive glomerular sclerosis

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14
Q

“few than 6 renal lobes”

A

Renal hypoplasia

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15
Q

“enlargement of renal lobules when there are too few lobules”

A

Oligomeganephronia

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16
Q

Most common location of an ectopic kidney?

A

pelvis

17
Q

“conjoined kidneys usually in the lower abdomen”

A

Horseshoe kidney

18
Q

Most common renal congenital anomaly?

A

Horseshoe kidney

19
Q

“undifferentiated tubules and primitive mesenchyme, cysts may be present”

A

renal dysplasia

20
Q

What is the most common abd mass in newborns?

A

Multicystic renal dysplasia

21
Q

“inherited defect leading to bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts in the renal cortex and medulla”

A

PKD

22
Q

Who gets the AR form of PKD?

A

infants

23
Q

How does AR PKD present?

A

worsening renal failure ad HTN, potter sequence possible

Hepatic cysts/ fibrosis are also possible

24
Q

Who gets the AD form of PKD?

A

Adults

25
Q

How does AD PKD present?

A

Young adults with HTN, hematuria, worsening renal failure

Berry aneurysms, hepatic cysts, mitral valve prolapse

26
Q

PKD1/2 gene is involved in…

A

primary cilia or tubular epithela cell cell adhesion complexes

so without tubules are abnormal and undifferentiated

27
Q

Arrangement of cysts in AR PKD?

A

Radial arrangement

28
Q

“AD inherited defect leading to cysts in the medullary Collecting Ducts”

A

medullary cystic kidney diseases

29
Q

Gene in medullary cystic kidney diseases?

A

MCKD 1/2 mutation

30
Q

Symptoms of nephrothisis and medullary cystic disease?

A

polyuria, polydipsia, enuresis, azotemia, renal failure/ ESRD, atrophic tubules thickened and laminated BM, sclerosis fibrosis, and inflammation

31
Q

“multiple small cysts in the papillae that arise from CDs

A

medullary sponge disease

32
Q

How does a person get acquired cystic disease?

A

long term dialysis

33
Q

Acquired cystic disease leads to an increased risk of…

A

Renal cell carcinoma