Endocrine: Parathyroid Flashcards
What is the the embryology of the parathyroid glands?
Branchial clefts III and IV
“parathyroid glands that secrete PTH”
Chief cells
Chief cells are (+) for…
Cromagranin A (+)
Synaptophysin (+)
What has negative feed back to PTH release?
Mg and Ca
Most common cause of hypoPTH?
surgical removal of parathyroids at time of a thyroidectomy
“tingling hands/ feet, convulsions, neuropsych disturbances, papilledema”
Hypoparathyroidism
“agenesis of the parathyroid” in the context of syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
“short stature, obesity, mental retardation, subcutanous calcificans, insensitivity to PTH, TSH, glucacon, FSH, and LH”
Albright Hereditary osteodystrophy
What is the mutation in albright hereditary osteodystrophy?
GNAS1 mutation–> decreased cAMP
renal tubules cannot respond to PTH
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is a form of….
psuedohypothyroidism or psuedo-psuedohypothyroidism
“hypercalcemia + hypophosphatemia + nephrolithiasis + bone disease”
hyperparathyroidism
Most common cause of hyperparathyroidisim?
parathyroid adenoma
“adipose tissue of the gand is replaced by hyperplastic chief cells and scattered oxyphil cells”
primary parathyroid hyperplasia
Which exposures can cause parathyroid hyperplasia?
Lithium and radiation
Are parathyroid carcinomas normally non functioning or functioning?
Usually functioning
