Endocrine: Adrenal Glands Flashcards
“largest zone of the adrenal cortex”
Zona fasciculata
What organelles are abundant in steroid producing cells?
SER and mitochondria
Why is there Hyperplasia in CAH?
because of the unopposed ACTH effect on the gland
Which zone is the most hyperplastic in CAH?
Zona fasciculata
“female has psuedohermaphroditis and sterile as an adult, male has short stature and azospermia”
Simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21 hydroxylase deficiency
“virilization and hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, hypotension, increased renin”
Salt-wasting CAH
21 hydroxylase deficiency
“no abnormalities at birth, virilization at puberty”
Late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21 hydroxylase deficiency
“high levels of androgen and 11-deoxycortisol, Hypernatremia, hypertension, seen in Jews”
11 beta hydroxylase deficnecy
“autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland”
Addison’s disease
Aside from autoimmune, what is another common cause of addisons?
TB!
What type of immune problem is addisons?
T cell mediated damage…there are multiple HLA links
What are the symptoms of addisons?
Weight loss, Hypotension, salt wasting, hyperpigmentation, GI symptoms, hymphocytosis and eosinophelia
“adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyrodism, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, type I diabetes, vitiligo, hypothyroidism”
Type I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome
“adrenal insufficiency, women, HLA-DR3, hashimoto’s, graves, T1DM, premature ovarian failure, more common”
Type II polyglandular autimmune syndrome
“acute, bilateral, hemorrhagic infarction of the adrenal cortex, due to meningococcus or psuedomonas”
Waterhous- Friderisch Syndrome
Most common cause of acute adrenal insufficiency?
Abrupt withdrawal of corticosteroids
Most cases of ACTH dependent adrenal hyperfunction (cushing) are cuased by?
Ectopic productino of ACTH
What syndromes are adrenal adenomas associate with? (3)
MEN 1, Carney complex, McCune- Albright Syndrome
Most common cause of cushing syndrome?
chronic corticosteroid use
“pigmented skin lesions, myxomas, testicular tumors, pituitary GH tumors, lipofuscin laden cells in the adrenals”
bilateral adrenal microndular hyperplasia/ Carney complex
“inappropriate secretion of sldosterone due to adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia”
Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
“cells derived from primitive pheochromoblasts of the developing SNS”
Chromaffin cells
Blood supply of the adrenal medulla?
portal system blood!
Key symptoms of pheochromocytoma?
HTN
