Key terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is BDNF?

A

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

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2
Q

Choreoathetosis defined as?

A

Is a movement disorder that causes involuntary twitching or writhing.

It combines the symptoms of chorea and athetosis

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3
Q

Engrams:

A

A hypothetical permanent change In the brain accounting for the existence of memory; a memory trace.

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4
Q

Genotype?

A

The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of any individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).

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5
Q

Lateralisation (in neuroscience):

A

Concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

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6
Q

Pathology:

A

Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury.

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7
Q

Phenotypes:

A

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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8
Q

Pathophysiological

A

Is the study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease or resulting from an abnormal syndrome.

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9
Q

What is the different types of movement problems associated with dyskinesia?

A

dystonia: twisting and repeating movements that can be painful
athetosis: slow, writhing movements
chorea: irregular, abrupt movements (rapid)

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10
Q

Noradrenaline, a modulators neurotransmitter, does what?

And what example?

A

Organic chemical generally used to mobilise the body and brain

Example: if you’re positive or negative surprised, noradrenaline pumps to the brain - “wow” or “watch out”

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11
Q

Dopamine, a modulator neurotransmitter, does what in the brain?

And what example?

A

A chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior.

For example, if you achieve a learning goal or feel successful dopamine is realised to tell the brain to “save that one”

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12
Q

Acetylcholine does what in the brain?

And what example?

A

Many functions including it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles.

Example: if you’re totally absorbed in a task this tells the brain to ‘try this one’ as it amplifies important new options for changing the brain- so it can improve the task

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13
Q

What is salience?

A

The quality of being particularly noticeable or important/prominence

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14
Q

Definition of cerebral palsy, including impact on movement and what other system?

A

Group of non-progressive disorders affecting movement, muscle one, and/or posture

And non-progressive disturbances of the development CNS

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