2019. Maier, Ballesteros And Vaerschure. Principles Of Neurorehabilitation After Stroke Based On Motor Learning And Brain Plasticity Mechanisms Flashcards
What does spaced practice refer to in the principles of neurorehabilitation? And what do animal studies show?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
Implied that training should be structured in time to include rest periods between repetitions or sessions
Animal studies suggest that spaced practice facilitates long-term memory formation
What does high dosage of rehabilitation possibly induce? (4 things)
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
- Structural plastic changes
- Reconfigure neural networks
- Increase cortical excitability
- Improve motor function and use
What does goal-oriented practice produce in what areas of the brain?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
Higher activity in sensorimotor areas
What does variable practice correlate with for better performance at retention stages?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
With increased neuronal activity and connectivity in the areas of motor learning network during acquisition
What link is proposed that variable practice might be related to? And used for what?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
Between the neuromodulator systems that control neuronal plasticity and novelty (dopaminegeric, cholinergic and noradrenergic)
used by brain stem activity system for controlling the global state of arousel
Regarding increasing the difficulty for neurorehabilitation what role should subjects have for best results?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
If subjects can control the task difficulty themselves their motor performance during acquisition and retention is significantly better
What can exposure to multi sensory feedback do in neurorehabilitation?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
Enhance the ability to detect, discriminate and recognise sensory information
What is neuroentrainment and what sensory modality can be used?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
The study of the temporal relationships between the body’s movement and the rhythmic stimulation emerging from the environment
Any sensory modality can be used: auditory, visual, tactile or vestibular
What did a meta-analysis find for the effects of rhythmic auditory cueing? (Related to rhythmic cueing)
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
- Improves walking velocity
- Improves cadence
- Improves stride length
- Beneficial effects on improving upper limb impairment and function
What can punishment and reward do as explicit feedback for neurorehabilitation?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
Punishment can speed up motor learning
Where as rewards ensure long-term retention
How can rewarding impact the basal ganglia?
Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019
It can modulate the inhibitory output of the basal ganglia- and therefore bias attention to rewarding items
How can explicitly feedback impact the brain? (2 key impacts posited)
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
By teaching a global motor plan that is represented by higher-order neuronal networks
Which influences the cortical sensorimotor representations differences
(1994)
How does implicit feedback enhance learning?
Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019
From sensorimotor prediction errors- which can aid the adaption of unexceptional perturbations (de-activation)
What can auditory feedback do in neurorehabilation - as implicit feedback? (3 parts)
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
Might foster the formation of an internal controlled- evidenced by stronger activation of prefrontal areas
Alternatively might promote reliance on proprioception
Unliked visual feedback, where people can become dependent on cue, concurrent auditory feedback does not seem to make people dependent
What does the “modulate effector selection” principle refer to in the 15 neurorehabilitation principle paper?
(Maire, Ballesteros + Verchure 2019)
A compensation strategy/learned non use- those to emerge because the spontaneous use of a limb does not cross the threshold level
