2019 Novak + Morgan Article- High Risk Follow Up Intervention And Rehab

Question 1

Brain damage can change what that affects future learning processes?

(Kleim and Jones, 2008)

Answer 1

Neurones

Synapse

Neuronal networks

Question 2

Neuroplasticity is?

According to Kleim and Jones 2008

Answer 2

Is the basis for learning in the normal brain, and relearning in teh damaged brain through rehabilitation

Question 3

Regardless of how the brain was injured what are all infants brains doing?

(Kleim and JOnes 2008)

Answer 3

Constantly remodelling their neural circuitry to encode new experiences to develop adapt behaviours

Question 4

According to Kleim and Jones what would the ultimate goal of rehabilitation be?

Answer 4

To induce early neuroplasiticity that restores the full potential of the injured brain

Question 5

What does Novak and Morgan’s article define SA the key drivers of plasticity and learning?

Answer 5

1. Training-based interventions harnessing experience-dependent plasticity
2. Environmental environment
3. Parent -child interactions

Question 6

What areas do Novak and Morgan include for enriched environment?

(2019)

Answer 6

Motor

cognitive

Social

Sensory

Question 7

What areas do Novak and Morgan include “Experience dependent plasticity”

(2019)

Answer 7

1. Child generated use dependent plasticity
2. Task-specific practice
3. Repetitive and intense child active practice
4. Salient and motivating to the child

Question 8

The developing brain changes from many things. What key things does Kolb 2013 list?

Answer 8

1. In response to learning experiences
2. Parent-child interactions
3. Stress
4. Medication and drug exposure
5. Hormones
6. Diet
7. Brain injury

Question 9

In preclinical studies what does training induce (after early brain damage)

(Kleim and Jones 2008, Kolb 2013, Ismail 2017)

Answer 9

A. Reactive synaptic plasticity

B. Major increases in cortical territory dedicated specifically to the trained skill

C. Lasting neural changes in synaptic strength, numbers, and motor map reorganisation

D. Long term potential of motor-evoked synaptic responses

E. Elevation of neurotrophic factors and other plasticity-related molecules improveming function outcomes

F. Sparing of neuron death and loss of neural connections after brain injury

Question 10

How is learning achieved with infants according to Stewart 2017?

Answer 10

Learning is not something that is done to an infant but is Ahmed through active involvement of the infant

Question 11

Children learn because they innately have an explanatory drive to do what?

(Stewart 2017)

Answer 11

Make sense of their own experience

And attain mastery

Question 12

The role of early intervention and rehabilitation is to maximise children self-efficacy through what two areas?

(Morgan 2013 and Stewart 2017)

Answer 12

1. Enriched environment to “call forward the learning”
2. Promoting and scaffolding child-active and child-led learning of tasks and knowledge beyond their current skill-set and understanding

Question 13

Experience-dependent plasticity specifically is:

Novak and Morgan 2019

Answer 13

Interventions that specifically train someone to perform a skill

Question 14

The more specific the task the what?

Novak + morgan 2019

Answer 14

The more neuroplasticity that is induce and cortical space dedicated to the task

This has revolutionised rehabilitation and moved it away from generic interventions to very specific training of real-life tasks the infants need or want

Question 15

According to rehabilitation literature - how many hours and how many weeks is needed to induce lasting neuroplasticity and functional changes?

(Sakzewski 2014)

Answer 15

90h of child-active trainings within 6 weeks