2016. DeFina And Prestigiacomo. Neuroplasticity And Neuromarker Driven Neuromodulation

Question 1

Neuroplasiticity is defined as the brains way to generate new connections to become modified in its structure and functions in response to what?

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 1

Response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli

Question 2

How can neuroplasiticity occur spontaneously? (6 ways)

DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016

Answer 2

1. Generate new connections
2. Strengthen existing connections
3. Unmask pre-existing connections
4. Signal changes (gene expression ect.)
5. Change in receptor availability
6. Compensatory (use of parts of CNS no ordinarily employed)

Question 3

Rodent studies have shown that neuroplasiticity may result in alternations in many levels of organisation in the brain, including what?

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 3

Molecular changes in gene expression and microscopic changes

Question 4

How is personalised medicine defined as?

DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016

Answer 4

The initial genetic makeup and physical factors are integral to the prescription of the treatment

Question 5

What are neuromarkers?

DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016

Answer 5

Neurological traits or characteristics that can be identified and measured and that represent a specific condition, state, injury or disease process

Question 6

What is the first step in the novel model of neuromarkers drive neuromodulation?

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 6

To identify neuromarkers, including neurotransmitters or hombres, directly related to the biochemical cascade of TBI

Question 7

What are the transitional medical approaches to treating brain disorders?

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 7

Typically a single intervention focused, rather than multi-interventions

Question 8

What do researchers need to measure and identify in the individualised novel model of neuromarkers driven neuromodulation?

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 8

The structural, electromagnetic and neurochemical neuromarkers in the injured brain

Question 9

What are ROI related to the novel neuromarkers driven neuromodulation model?

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 9

Regions of interest, or a brain map, to direct the specific intervention

Question 10

What specific interventions can target ROIs (regions of interest)?

(7 things listed)

(DeFina and Prestigiacomo 2016)

Answer 10

1. pharmaceuticals
2. Nutraceuticals
3. MNS, CES, tDCS, TMS
4. Neurofeedback
5. HBOT: hyperbaric oxygen therapy
6. Infrared light thearpy
7. Laser light therapy