key question: (pack 5)

Question 1

what is the key question

Answer 1

should airline companies offer treatment programmes to passengers with a fear of flying

Question 2

what is fear of flying known as

Answer 2

aerophobia

Question 3

how many people have a fear in flying

Answer 3

1 in 6

Question 4

what can fear of flying be associated with?

Answer 4

heights or claustrophobia

Question 5

what are the most common reasons people give to explain their fear of flying

Answer 5

fear of crashing, not being in control or a fear of the flight being hijacked

Question 6

what are the chances of being in a plane crash

Answer 6

1 in 5.4 million

Question 7

what happened after 9/11

Answer 7

US airlines noticed a drastic decline in passenger miles, while road use increased

Question 8

what did professor Gerd Gigerenzer

Answer 8

estimated an additional 1595 Americans died in car accidents after the 9/11 attacks

Question 9

why is fear of flying an important issue in today’s society

3

Answer 9

air travel is so common in today’s society and unavoidable, many people travel by plane for work, leisure or to visit family members abroad
A fear of flying could stop people from working or seeing family

This has an impact on the individuals lives as well as an economic impact

Question 10

due to fear of flying having such effects what question does it raise

Answer 10

should airline companies offer treatment programmes to passengers with a fear of flying

Question 11

what would offering programmes do and help

Answer 11

help the individuals lives as well as the overall economic impact

Question 12

what airlines have these programmes and what are the statistics

Answer 12

EasyJet- ‘fearless flyer’ 10,000 people fly
British Airways- ‘flying with confidence’ 50,000 helped over 30 years with a 98% success rate
Virgin Atlantic- ‘flying without fear’, helped 2-3,000 people every year, 98% success rate

Question 13

how does OC explain a fear of flying in an individual

Answer 13

Who someone has acrophobia, by not flying they reduce their anxiety which acts as a negative reinforcer.
Alternatively, when someone experience a fear of flying, they may receive attention which acts as a positive reinforcement.
Evidence- Skinner

Question 14

how does CC explain a fear of flying

Answer 14

Classical conditioning would suggest that a fear of flying develops due to pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, to create a conditioned response. E.g. a person may develop a fear of flying due to having experienced turbulence (unconditioned stimulus), which caused them to feel fear (unconditioned response). Pryor to experiencing turbulence flying would have been a neutral stimulus. They then begin to associate this fear with flying therefore flying becomes the conditioned stimulus, creating fear as the conditioned response.

Question 15

how does SLT explain a fear of flying

Answer 15

People learn behaviours by observing others.
this is done by:
First the behaviour is modelled by a role model
The observer identifies with the role model
The behaviours is observed and noted
The behaviour is imitated so it is learnt
They learn through modelling and imitation- Bandura

Question 16

What has to be present to diagnose something a a phobia?

Answer 16

The feared object or situation has to be marked and persistent which affects the persons functioning in everyday life.
Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response e.g. crying, panic attack etc.
The object or stimulus is excessively avoided by the individual.
These symptoms must be present for at least 6 months.

Question 17

Explain how flooding therapy could be used to treat a fear of flying

Answer 17

This idea is based on biological principles that if an individual experiences something fearful, then that will cause an alarm reaction which will only be heightened for a certain amount of time. this reaction will have to subside at some point, and the person will calm down. This may be useful with flying as the person can only be so fearful for a certain amount of time and will then have to relax.

Question 18

Explain how systematic desensitisation could be used to treat a fear of flying

Answer 18

A person with aerophobia could gradually become more and more familiar with the situation, while also learning progressive relaxation techniques and breathing techniques, to ease themselves into being less fearful of the situation.=

Question 19

How likely are you to be in a road accident?

Answer 19

1 in 240