classical conditioning (pack 2)

Question 1

what are the 4 stages of cc

Answer 1

1. before conditioning
2. before conditioning
3. during conditioning
4. after conditioning

Question 2

what happens in the first stage of conditioning

Answer 2

the UCS produces an UCR

e.g- a stomach virus produces nausea response

Question 3

what happens in stage 2 of conditioning

Answer 3

involves a neutral stimulus
NS

e.g- chocolate cake

Question 4

what happens in stage 3 of conditioning

Answer 4

a stimulus that produces no response NS is presented with UCS

e.g - eating chocolate cake may be presented with the nausea

Question 5

what happens in stage 4 of the conditioning

Answer 5

CS has been associated with the UCS to create a new CR

e.g- chocolate cake eaten before a person was sick with a virus now produces a response of nausea

Question 6

what does extinction mean

Answer 6

association can disappear between CS and CR

this happens when they are separated

Question 7

what does spontaneous recovery mean?

Answer 7

after extinction, sometimes, the association recurs for no specific reason

the re- appearance of a CR

Question 8

what does stimulus generalisation mean?

Answer 8

there is a tendency for the CS to produce the same behaviour to a similar situation after the response has been conditioned

Question 9

what is some evidence in support?

Answer 9

pavlov-
watson and rayner

increases scientific credibility

Question 10

an advantage of the methodology

Answer 10

scientifically credible, it is based on empirical evidence carried out in controlled environments
strict control of extraneous variables
empiricism
reductionist- complex behaviour is broken down into smaller stimulus-response units

Question 11

an advantage of the applications

Answer 11

systematic desensitisation
flooding
aversion therapies work

Question 12

what is a disadvantage of the methodology

Answer 12

generalising the findings of dogs to to humans is difficult

reductionist methodology lacks validity and can lead to incomplete explanations of human behaviour

Question 13

what is general evidence against the theory

Answer 13

it is deterministic, this means that it does not allow for any degree of free-will
undermines the uniqueness of human beings

Question 14

what is an alternative to this theory?

Answer 14

ignores the role of cognitive processes

social learning theory