Key Facts 1945-75 Flashcards
when was Truman’s full employment bill?
1945
how many strikers were there under Truman and how did he deal with them?
4.6 million
threatened to conscript rail workers
what was Truman’s fairdeal?
- raised min wage
- extended social security act
- started slum clearance
(many blocked by conservatives)
what was Eisenhower’s aims?
- to continue fair deal and new deal
Which presidents were republicans?
- Ike
- Nixon
- ford
which presidents were democrat?
- FDR
- Truman
- JFK
- Johnson
What was Ikes operation wetback?
deported 1.4 million Mexicans
how many miles of interstate highway did Ike create?
41,000 miles
what did ike raise the minimum wage to?
1 dollar to 1.25
what was Kennedys new frontier?
tried to unite the youth behind d him in a more fair and equal society
when was JFK’s civil rights bill rejected?
1963
when was the Brown v Topeka court case and what was it (Ike)?
- 1954
- desegregated schools
how many troops did JFK send to James Meredith?
23,000
how much did JFK spend on public works?
900 million
how did JFK try to post the economy?
tax cuts to increase spending
when was Johnsons civil right act?
1964 (end segregation)
when was Johnson voting rights act?
1965 (stoped things like literacy tests to stop blacks voting)
how much did Johnson spend on Head start programme?
1.5 billion
what did Johnsons medicare do?
provide healthcare fo the elderly
hoe did JFK continue the fair deal?
continued improving inner city housing and minimum wage increase
what happened in the 1968 election?
- Nixon won vote of middle America who were afraid of activism
- democrats didn’t have clear candidate
- Deep South lost to independent party (civil rights)
how did Nixon try to help the economy?
price and wage freeze
reduce Inflation
what did Nixon do for civil rights?
- not much
- by 1971 13 black congressmen and 81 mayors
what did the price of a barrel of oil increase to in the 1973 oil crisis?
from $3 to $12
what happened in the 1973 Watergate scandal?
- Nixon bugged democrats office and won 73 election by landslide
- 5 members of CREEP prosecuted
- president had to had in tapes (organically edited) that proved he had cheated
when was Nixon forced to resign?
1974
how many new Levitt houses had been built by 1950?
1.7 million (inner cities deteriorated)
what was the shopping mall increase?
8 in 1946
4000 by late 50’s
what percentage of families had fridges, Washing machines and phones by 1951?
90% had fridges
75% had washing machines and telephones
when was the house committee on un-American activities set up?
1938 (McCarthy took control in 1953)
hoe many were dismissed after Trumans board to investigate gov employees of communism?
1200 in 4 years
6000 left
what was McCarthys downfall?
- investigated respected general Marshall
- TV trial were seen as witch hunts
- investigated the army after returning from Korea
how much of the population was below 24 by 1950?
41%
what was the teenage market worth by 1955?
10 billion
what was the hippie movement of the 70’s?
- protested the war, civil rights, gay rights
- refused to join army and took drugs
what did the rock and roll movement of the 60’s cause?
influenced language, sex, fashion, music, TV
caused teenage rebellion
when did leaner Roosevelt create a commission to investigate women at work?
1960
who led to birth control of movement?
Margaret Sanger
what was Betty Friedan?
- wrote feminine mystique
- created NOW in 1966
who much did NOW get In court for unequal pay cases?
$30 million
what was the women liberation movement?
- more radical feminist movement
- wanted nothing to do with men
- burned bras which mean they weren’t taken seriously
when and what was the roe v wade case?
1973 legalised abortion (with conditions dependent on each state)
when was student for democratic society created?
1959
when and how many students march on Washington in protest of the war?
1969
700,000
when and what was Brown v Topeka?
1954
desegregated education
when and what was Little Rock?
1957
9 black students prevented from entering white school by state authorities
Ike had to send to troops to stop state troops doing this
when was the Montgomery bus boycott?
dec 55 to dec 56 (after rosa parks on the bus)
how many were involved in the 1963 civil rights march on. Washington (Martin king speech)?
250,000
who was Malcolm X?
- promoted black power - against kings peaceful approach
- converted to islam. while in prison
- killed giving speech after trying to create new muslim group
when did SNCC move away from king with black power?
1966 (economic differences from those living in ghettos)
when were the black panthers created and how many members did they have?
1966
5000 members by 1968
how many native Americans served in ww2?
25,000
what was Ikes policy with natives in the 1950’s?
assimilation - encouraged to leave reservations for cities
- failed as by 1960 13k out of 400k had left reservations
- AIM created in 1960
when was the battle of wounded knee and what happened?
- 1973
- lasted 71 days - declared themselves independent on 13th day
- agreed treaty with government but gov went back on it straight away (AIM eventually disbanded)
when did USSR teat first atomic bomb?
1949
how many overseas military bases did US have by 1959?
1400 bases in 31 counties
when was SALT 1 signed?
1972
when was the Truman doctrine?
1947
When was Marshall aid and how much was spent?
1948
$13 billion
when was the Berlin airlift?
1948-49
when was NATO signed?
1949
When did Khrushchev take over the soviets and sign Warsaw Pact?
1955
When was the Berlin Wall crisis?
1961
when was the Korean War?
1950-53
when did china become communist?
1949
when was the US Taiwan defence treaty?
1954
when did the US lift the trade embargo on China?
1971
when did Castro take power in the revolution within Cuba?
1959
when was JFK’s bay of pigs and what happened?
- 1961
- tried to regain control of Cuba by sending US exiles to start up rising against Castro - disaster
when did Castro and Cuba become communist?
1961
when was the cuban missile crisis?
1962
when and why did JFK send 17,000 troops to Vietnam?
1963
Criticised Ike for allowing spread of communism
How was US relations with Stalin?
- FDR and Stalin friendly during the war as they allied against hitler
- Truman didn’t want anything to do with Stalin (Kennan’s telegram)
when was the gulf Tonkin revolution passed and why?
1964
US ship Made was hit so out gave Johnson excuse to begin bombing north Vietnam
when was the Set offensive and My Lai Massacre?
1968
347 Vietnamese people killed ion massacre
how many troops were in Vietnam by 1968?
535,000
when was the ceasefire In Vietnam in Paris?
1973
when did the communists defeat south Vietnam?
1975
how much was spent a Vietnam a year?
$30 billion
how many US troops were killed and injured in Vietnam?
50,000 killed
300,000 wounded
when and what was the Helsinki agreement?
1975
US, USSR and 33 countries agree boundaries of east Europe and respect for basic human rights
